南岭及邻区第四纪地层分区与综合地层格架

南岭及邻区的第四纪沉积以冲积物、残积物和洞穴堆积物为主,长期以来缺乏统一的地层格架和时间框架。基于剖面资料和实地调查,将南岭第四纪地层划分为永州-郴州、桂林-贺州、韶关-清远、赣州、道县-阳山等5个地层小区;通过厘定每个小区的岩石地层序列、生物地层和气候地层及其测年成果,建立了综合地层的对比格架。结果表明,南岭第四系与中国更新统泥河湾阶、周口店阶、萨拉乌苏阶和尚未建阶的全新统可一一对比;其生物地层以早更新世巨猿动物群和中更新世晚期以来的马坝人、道县人和柳江人等智人演化为特点;气候地层以洞穴石笋和高山泥炭重建的古气候记录为代表,主要反映东亚季风背景下的南岭局地气候。但由于测年数据较少,冲积层和残积层的对比仍然存在困难;生物演化阶段与气候变化之间也未能详细对比。因此,今后南岭的第四纪地层研究应围绕提高测年精度与建立统一的年代标尺开展,促进综合地层对比的精细化、延伸气候地层的时间尺度并拓展与南海海相地层的对比;这一基础性工作对水文、环境、工程等实践应用亦具有重要意义。      

Spatial distribution and controlling factors of sedimentary bodies in Jiaozhou Bay and Adjacent Sea Areas, Qingdao

The distributions of thickness of unconsolidated Quaternary sedimentary layers in Jiaozhou Bay and Qingdao offshore area were studied by using 1079-km high-resolution shallow seismic profiles and drilling core data, and the factors controlling the Quaternary evolution were discussed. The results show that such thickness distributions resulted from the coactions of geologic structures and marine hydrodynamic conditions since the Holocene. The geologic structures controlled the slope deposit, proluvial and fluvial fillings since the late Pleistocene. Holocene marine hydrodynamics eroded away sediments at the bay mouth, and tides carried these eroded materials to the sides of the bay mouth and released them there, forming channel-ridge-alternating geomorphic features. During transgressive processes, the sea level rose rapidly, and insufficient sediment supply and tidal actions yielded the relict sediments in the east of Qingdao offshore area.     

The Holocene Environmental Evolution of the Inner Hangzhou Bay and Its Significance

The Holocene environmental evolution in coastal area, including deltas and estuaries, is vital to the Neolithic colonization in the eastern China. A 29-m long sediment core XL was obtained from the region between the Taihu Lake and Qiantang Estuary, and multiple analyses on the core sediments have been done to investigate the evolution history of the inner coastal zone of Hangzhou Bay during the Holocene. Six sedimentary facies are identified since the late Pleistocene, including the paleosol at the bottom, overlain by tidal-flat-channel complex(TFC), tidal-distributary-channel(TDC), inner estuarine basin(IEB), subtidal-to-intertidal-flat, and fluvial-plain facies. The TFC and TDC facies are dated to be formed before 8500 cal yr BP, featured by relatively coarse sediments, high magnetic properties and less abundant foraminifera, denoting the tide-influenced setting with large terrestrial inputs. The IEB facies characterized by the most abundant foraminifera fossils and the lowest sediment magnetic properties, is inferred to be deposited during the maximum flooding period between 8500 and 7900 cal yr BP. The branch estuary was then infilled by local sediments with a shallowing-upward subtidal-to-intertidal sequence during 7900–4300 cal yr BP. At last the fluvial plain system developed since no later than 4300 cal yr BP, favouring the rapid development of Neolithic cultures in the region.     

华北盆地北缘宝坻断裂晚更新世以来的活动性研究

通过人工浅层地震反射剖面发现,在香河县荆庄地区,宝坻断裂表现为一条近EW走向的南倾正断层,剖面上呈铲状,对第四系沉积具有一定的控制作用,为一条第四纪活动断裂。通过部署在断层两侧的构造观察孔岩芯对比及¹⁴C测年、光释光测年数据可知,宝坻断裂上断点距地表5~7 m左右,主要活动时间为晚更新世,全新世及中更新世晚期无明显活动。岩芯对比表明,距今10万年以来,宝坻断裂共发生2次地震活动,累积位移2.6 m,其中最近一次地震发生于22 740±70 a BP,同震位移1.4 m;另一次地震发生于距今97.1±4.4~98.0±5.3 ka之间,同震位移1.2 m。根据本次钻孔结果,结合前人对张家口-渤海构造带东段断裂活动性及发震规律的研究,判断宝坻断裂全新世以来整体处于不活跃状态,诱发中强地震和大地震的可能性较低。此外,香河县荆庄一带发育的地裂缝为受宝坻断裂控制的构造型地裂缝,断裂南北两侧的不均匀地面沉降产生的剪切应力会加速荆庄地裂缝的发展。     

江南断裂带（宣城段）断层泥中石英颗粒微形貌特征及年代学意义

在野外地质调查基础上,对江南断裂带宣城敬亭山剖面上采集的3件断层泥样品中的石英颗粒进行透射扫描电镜（SEM）微形貌观察与统计。结果显示,江南断裂带为活动断裂,在新近纪和第四纪时期具明显的活动性,活动始于中新世,晚更新世达到高峰,活动方式以蠕滑为主;至全新世,断裂以粘滑方式持续活动;沿断裂带的地震记录表明,至近现代断裂仍处于活动状态。这些结论对于正确评价江南断裂带在第四纪的活动规律及该区自然灾害预防等具有重要意义。     

Quaternary glacio-erosional landforms in Laoshan Mountain and their constraints on the origin of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, east of China

A field investigation on Quaternary glacial landforms in Laoshan Mountain has discovered many glacial potholes, scouring grooves on top of granite ridges, and large boulders. These erosional landforms were formed by the meltwater from the overlying ice cap, suggesting that there was at least an ice cap covering Laoshan Mountain and the surrounding areas or even a continental ice sheet over the vast area of Shandong Province in the Late Pleistocene. The ice sheet was obstructed by the Laoshan Mountain, Dazhu Mountain and Xiaozhu Mountain in the coastal areas as it moved toward the Yellow Sea. The ice flows eroded the bedrock and carved the weak intersection of the fault systems in the NE and NW directions into a deep channel, which gradually formed a fjord in the area of the Jiaozhou Bay basin by 20.00 ka BP. The seawater gradually invaded the fjord from the beginning of the Holocene (11.00 ka BP) and Jiaozhou Bay was eventually formed. Similar fjords are easily found along the east of China and they share a similar origin because of the Quaternary glaciation in the region.     

伊通-舒兰断裂带四平段14C定年及构造意义

在区域地质构造调查、地球物理资料和遥感解译基础上,采用钻探、槽探、¹⁴C年代学测试等方法,对伊通-舒兰断裂带四平段NE向隐伏断层的时代、性质及构造意义进行探讨。结果表明：1）四平段断裂主要发育于上更新统长英质（含角砾）砂岩层内部,为逆冲推覆断层;2）槽探与钻孔揭露的耕土层、粘土层、泥质砂岩层和长英质（含角砾）砂岩层AMS¹⁴C测年结果分别为－70~6 270 BP、60~7 780 BP、110~21 780 BP和11 740~26 100 BP,断层活动年代总体应归属为前第四纪（＞26 100 BP）;3）结合区域岩浆构造与地震事件可知,本次揭露的NE向隐伏断裂带可能形成于晚更新世。     

DISTRIBUTION AND ORIGIN OF SEDIMENTS ON THE NORTHERN SUNDA SHELF, SOUTH CHINA SEA

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｓｈｅｌｖｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｌｙｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａｉｓｔｈｅ1850000ｋｍ2ＳｕｎｄａＳｈｅｌｆｌｏｃａｔｅｄｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｌａｒｇｅｉｓｌａｎｄｓｏｆＳｕｍａｔｒａ,Ｂｏｒｎｅｏ,ＪａｖａａｎｄｍａｉｎｌａｎｄＡｓｉａ(ＬａＦｏｎｄ,1966).ＴｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅＳｕｎｄａＳｈｅｌｆｉｓｓｅｐａｒａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＪａｖａＳｅａｓ…     

莱州湾南岸XZK2钻孔晚更新世以来的沉积环境探讨

通过钻孔岩性特征、沉积构造及沉积物粒度、磁化率与测井曲线对莱州湾南岸XZK2钻孔上部晚更新世以来的松散沉积物进行了沉积相划分,结合14C同位素年龄测定,划分了深海氧同位素阶段,表明该地区沉积物磁化率与砂含量曲线具有明显的正相关关系,结合已有研究,证明该地区晚更新世以来古环境经历了三次冷暖交替,而莱州湾西南海岸所发现的相当于沧州海侵、献县海侵和黄骅海侵的三次海侵事件,钻孔上仅见全新世黄骅海侵,沧州海侵、献县海侵相应层位为滨海沉积。     

The grain-size characteristics of Quaternary deposits at Xingshan near Siping in Jilin province, China

This research paper analyses the grain-size characteristics of the Quaternary deposits at Xingshan near Siping, Jilin province in China by employing graphic measures to study the grain size distribution and its mode of transport and deposition. The Quaternary deposits at Xingshan lie unconformable on Cretaceous rocks made of siltstone, mudstone and sandstone. The average grain size is between 8.06 to 8.55Φ (0.002 6 ～0.003 7 mm). The Quaternary deposits at Xingshan mainly compose of very fine silt to clay. The compositions of the grade are clay 63% and silt 37%. The clay size components are weathered debris transported and deposited by flowing water from the SE highlands or hills to the low lying NW Xingshan plains whereas the silty components accumulated by aoelian process. The Quaternary deposits at Xingshan accumulated in the middle and late Pleistocene interglacial periods from (459.12～39.03) ka to (88.92～7.56) ka. The standard deviation ranged from 0.96 to 1.36Φ, indicating that the sediments are moderately to poorly sorted, Coefficient of skewness ranged from 0.16～0.31 with an average skewness of 0.218, (Positively skewed towards fine). Kurtosis values (0.84～1.05) from the grain size distribution and visual inspection of the frequency curves indicate platykurtic to mesokurtic curves and unimodal to bimodal grain-size distribution. The type of deposit formation is sand dune and the source is at a distal from its provenance.     

地震沉积学在河流-浅水三角洲沉积相研究中的应用: 以渤海海域蓬莱A构造区馆陶组为例

庙西南凸起蓬莱A构造区馆陶组有良好油气发现,但储层厚度多小于5 m,难以被精确识别刻画。以薄层砂体为研究对象,综合地震、测井、钻井岩心、古生物等基础资料,明确研究区馆陶组沉积时期受北东向物源供给沉积,发育河流-浅水三角洲相。基于90°相位化处理确定砂体地震响应特征;分频解释处理判断相对等时地震同相轴,构建馆陶组高频层序地层格架（三级层序SQ1-3）,优选60Hz地震数据体进行地层切片划分;地层切片高精度沉积学解释揭示研究区馆陶组SQ1层序至SQ3层序依次发育河流-席状化浅水三角洲-朵叶状浅水三角洲-水下河道型浅水三角洲。其中SQ1层序中河道砂体以及SQ2-3层序中浅水三角洲前缘砂体皆为有利储层。此次研究丰富发展了渤海海域河流-浅水三角洲相中地震沉积学在砂体预测中的研究成果。      

Late Pleistocene aeolian activity in Haitan Island,Southeast China: Insights from optically stimulated luminescence dating of coastal dunes on marine terraces

The 'Old Red Sand' is a type of semicemented medium-fine sandy sediment that is red (10R4/8) or brown red (2.5YR4/8) in colour and is found in late Quaternary deposits. The sediments have distinctive characteristics and are a critical archive for understanding climatic changes in the coastal areas of East Asia. The ages of the late Quaternary aeolian sand dunes from Haitan Island in the coastal area of South China are still in debate. In this study, three sets of marine terraces were identified in the northern region of Haitan Island. Aeolian dune sands are well preserved on the top of these terraces. Quartz Optically Stimulated Luminescence dating and the distribution of the formation ages demonstrated that the palaeo-dunes are deposits from the middle-late period of the Late Pleistocene (Q ₃ ^2-3 ). The period may be divided into three stages, 100–90 ka, 70–60 ka, and 40–20 ka, in which the palaeo-dunes of the first two stages are more widespread and were formed separately during a low-sea level period of the Marine Isotope Stages 5b and 4. Several depositional palaeo-flood event records were preserved during the last stage due to the increasing gradient of mountain gullies formed during the Last Glacial Maximum.     

三峡地区雾渡河断裂构造特征及最新活动性研究

根据野外调查获得的第一手资料,结合前人有关雾渡河断裂的研究成果,论述了雾渡河断裂的区域地质背景、构造应力场、深部构造特征、地貌水系样式,其中重点解决了雾渡河断裂的运动学特征和断裂活动时代.根据所采断裂上覆第四纪沉积物样品的TL测年数据(76.43±6.49 ka),确定雾渡河断裂晚更新世以来活动不明显.     

聊城-兰考断裂中段第四纪活动研究

为研究聊城-兰考断裂中段的第四纪活动特征,采用浅层地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面相结合的探测方法,跨断裂布设5条浅层地震勘探测线和1条钻孔联合地质剖面。钻孔联合地质剖面揭示聊城-兰考断裂中段上断点埋深为61.4~64.5 m,结合地层年代学结果判定,聊城-兰考断裂中段为晚更新世早期活动断裂。     

桂林岩溶盆地第四纪粘土砾石层沉积与漓江袭夺

通过对桂林岩溶盆地内第四纪粘土砾石层调查研究,认为:①粘土砾石层成因不属冰川沉积或湖相沉积,而是山地河流相沉积和再沉积产物。前者时化属中更新世,后者成因复杂,已发现坡积相、洪积相,时代属晚更新世;②漓江溯源侵蚀过程中发生多次袭夺;③岩溶盆地的发育与漓江袭夺控制和影响粘土砾石层的沉积和再沉积。     

郯庐断裂带泗县徐井段晚第四纪新活动的宏微观现象初步研究

探槽揭示,郯庐断裂带安徽泗县徐井一带第四纪以来的新活动表现为逆断型崩积楔、张裂楔、碎裂流和地震断层。根据现场分析初步认为,中更新统沉积后,探槽所在部位先遭受挤压,晚白垩世砖红色砂岩自西向东上冲垮塌到中更新世沉积之上,形成逆断型崩积楔-1;接着发生张性断裂活动,形成开口向上的张裂楔;随后,所在部位又遭受挤压,沿张裂楔的东边界断面挤压逆冲活动产生碎屑物质上抛流动,形成逆断型崩积楔-2;其上逐步形成更新沉积,当黑土层堆积以后,再次遭受挤压,使得断面上下黑土层堆积厚度显现差异。这表明中更新统沉积以后,断裂曾先后发生挤压-引张-挤压-挤压共4次活动,最新活动在全新世早期。根据逆断型崩积楔、张裂楔和地震断层等的成因,这几次活动应属高速粘滑活动,对应几次强烈的史前地震活动事件。上述认识部分得到原态微观观测分析结果的证实。     

断陷盆地碳酸盐岩热储勘查及研究:以鱼台凹陷为例

鱼台凹陷是一个中生代同沉积断陷盆地, 其内部构造纵横, 深部普遍发育奥陶系碳酸盐岩, 具备地热开发前景。为研究断陷盆地内碳酸盐岩热储特征, 评价其资源潜力, 在鱼台凹陷施工一眼2 309.31 m深钻孔, 通过综合测井、产能测试、水化学分析、气体成分分析、地热水14C年龄测定等手段, 分析了盆地内地热流体的来源及补给、热源储集、离子运移等条件。结果显示, 地热井温曲线的增温异常与裂隙发育断位置一致, 指示了地热水来源方向; 地热水Cl-、Na+含量较高, 其离子组分形成原因与岩盐溶解有关; 鱼台凹陷东南部断裂交会处附近地热水表观年龄43.5 ka BP, 校正年龄10.752 ka BP, 时间在第四纪更新世晚期至全新世早期。研究认为, 鱼台凹陷存在较为活跃或年轻的地质构造, 是热储的热源之一, 区内奥陶系热储可采地热资源量约为2.12×109 GJ, 合标准煤7.27×107 t, 资源潜力较大, 开发利用前景良好。      

关中盆地新生界地层划分对比与第四纪下限

关中盆地巨厚的新生代沉积为研究区域构造、沉积环境演变与古气候变化研究提供了良好的地质记录，但目前对新生界地层划分和第四纪下限问题仍存在争论。基于钻孔和剖面资料，结合古地磁和生物地层，对关中盆地新生界地层进行了梳理和修订，就第四纪下限和新生界地层划分与对比问题进行了探讨。岩性地层、磁性地层、生物地层证据以及气候变化特征等都支持将第四纪下限定在传统三门组的黄三门与绿三门的交界处或风成黄土与红黏土的界线之处，即松山负极性向高斯正极性转换处(M/G)，古地磁年龄为2.6 Ma。基于关中盆地钻孔和剖面的古地磁数据及前人资料，划分了新生界地层，重新厘定了各沉积地层的沉积年代，将新近纪和第四纪沉积分为风成相和河湖相两套同期异相沉积地层序列，风成红黏土的年代延伸到中中新世，建议将中新世的风成堆积命名为段家坡组。这对关中盆地沉积环境形成演化与古气候变化研究、盆地资源开发以及地质工程建设具有重要意义。      

汉江郧阳段河流阶地发育特征及新构造运动意义

在野外调查的基础上,分析汉江郧阳段河流阶地的发育特征。结合地质、地貌及第四纪测年学资料,推断汉江T1~T5阶地形成的时代分别为全新世-晚更新世末期（约25 ka BP）、晚更新世（约67 ka BP）、晚更新世早期-中更新世末期（约128 ka BP）、中更新世早期-早更新世晚期（约1 344 ka BP）、不晚于早更新世。阶地的横向对比显示,两陨断裂的活动导致汉江五峰段、青曲段、郧阳盆地段T3、T2阶地在垂向上构造隆升的差异性,结合T3、T2阶地的形成时代,推测断裂活动的时代为中更新世末期-晚更新世早期。近似地推算汉江郧阳段更新世早期以来的平均隆升速率约为0.052 mm/a,显示抬升速率及幅度较秦岭弱,可能由于汉江郧阳段处于秦岭东南缘余脉,并非秦岭隆升的中心地域。     

青州市马家庄地区黏土矿成矿地质特征研究

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