基于多尺度最小二乘支持向量机优化的克里金插值方法

克里金插值方法根据待估位置点、已知样本数据点的位置关系和区域化变量的空间相关性,实现空间加权估计,满足估计的无偏性和最优性。传统方法理论模型形状固定且选择具有人为主观性,无法反映空间数据的变化趋势及其空间多尺度特征。本文为解决上述问题,提出了一种基于多尺度最小二乘支持向量机优化的克里金插值方法,此方法为拟合实验变异函数提供了一种新的思路。从实际样本数据的变化趋势出发,采用最小二乘支持向量机拟合实验变异函数,并利用不同尺度小波核反映不同尺度下的空间变化。最后,实验环节包括模拟和应用,模拟主要验证经多尺度最小二乘支持向量机优化后插值方法的科学有效性以及准确性,应用主要研究青岛市PM_2.5浓度时空分布特征,为城市生态科学防护及控制提供理论依据。结果表明,基于多尺度最小二乘支持向量机优化的克里金插值方法能够更好地刻画变异函数,反映不同尺度下的空间变化细节,从而在一定程度上提高插值的精度,是一种可选的克里金插值方法。     

基于HASM算法的DEM建模与应用试验

以曲面论为理论基础建立的高精度曲面模型(High Accuracy Surface Modelling,HASM)其插值精度较传统方法提高了多倍,为CAD和GIS系统提供了更有效的曲面模拟工具。但由于HASM需要对研究区域用相同的网格分辨率模拟,且对研究区域内每个网格点建立偏微分方程,因此,计算量和存储量问题严重制约其推广使用。适应法网格精化技术,可以根据模拟区域的地形复杂度或者精度要求调整网格分辨率,即在地形平坦区域用粗网格模拟,在复杂区域用细网格模拟。基于此理论,我们建立了适应算法的HASM。对甘肃省董志塬进行的DEM模拟表明,HASM适应算法能在保证模拟精度的同时,极大地减少了计算时间和降低存储量,从而有效解决了HASM推广使用的计算量和存储量瓶颈问题。     

基于地基LiDAR点云数据插值方法的对比研究

以冷龙岭断裂上一处典型地貌点云数据为例,采用最邻近法、距离反比法、不规则三角网法、样条函数法、克里金法等5种插值方法进行遗漏点云插值填充,研究并探讨最合适的插值算法。结果表明,不规则三角网插值法不仅可以很好地填充点云遗漏数据,还可以按照实际地形变化精确表示其高程数据并还原野外的真实场景,为后期的研究提供数据保证。     

基于ArcEngine的等雨量线绘制

等雨量线的绘制是济南城市防汛预警决策支持系统中最基本的功能之一.等雨量线的绘制最关键的部分为用已有站点的雨量数据进行空间插值,生成连续的雨量栅格图,再将雨量值相等的点连成等雨量线.本文用ESRI提供的ArcEngine组件实现了反距离加权插值(IDW)、样条函数插值(Spline)、克里金插值(Kriging)3种常用的插值方法,结合济南市现有的31个雨量站点的雨量数据,分别绘制出等雨量线,并比较3种插值方法的插值结果.结果表明:3种插值方法的结果都基本上反映了济南降雨的空间分布规律,而克里金插值的效果最好.     

一种快速生成平面Delaunay三角网的横向扩张法

目前已有多种基于平面上离散点集构造Delaunay三角网的算法,其中三角网扩张法、逐点插入法的平均时间复杂度为O(n²),分治算法和其他分块合并算法能使平均时间复杂度接近线性,但增加了算法的复杂性,从而使浮点计算误差错误发生的机率增大。本文作者提出了一种新算法:将用于构网的离散点集先按横坐标从小到大排序,在空间上表现为从左到右排列;然后先以点序列中的前三个点作为初始三角网,每次将剩余点集中最左边的点联入三角网,最终得到一个三角剖分,再用LOP法优化三角剖分。该算法的优势是具有快速的三角剖分过程,使整体的平均时间复杂度为O(n),并且构网效率高,算法简单。     

机载LiDAR点云密度和插值方法对DEM及地表粗糙度精度影响分析

机载LiDAR点云是获取高质量数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model, DEM)的主要数据源,而地表粗糙度作为DEM的主要派生产品,在地学研究中发挥了重要作用,但点云密度和插值方法对DEM及地表粗糙度精度影响程度并没有明确结论。为此,本文利用不同地形条件下的林区机载LiDAR点云为实验对象,将原始点云随机缩减为不同的采样密度,利用5种常用插值方法(克里金(Ordinary Kriging, OK),径向基函数(Radial Basis Function, RBF),不规则三角网(Triangulated Irregular Network, TIN),自然邻域(Natural Neighbor, NN)和反距离加权(Inverse Distance Weighting, IDW))构建各个测区不同采样密度条件下的DEM,并通过空间特征和统计特征两方面对DEM及其地表粗糙度精度分析。结果表明:(1) DEM插值算法的精度随点云密度缩减而降低,且数据量缩减至原始数据量的30%后,不同算法精度区别较为明显,其中,RBF和OK精度最优,IDW精度最低;(2) DEM误差与...     

一种从经纬度网格资料获得正方形网格资料的插值方案

本文提出了一种把经纬度网格点上的气象要素值转化到正方形网格点上的多项式插值方案。对插值方案作了稳定性讨论和定量及定性分析。结果表明,这种插值方案方便可行,而且有广泛适用性。     

基于异构集群计算的地统计面插值并行算法

地统计面插值算法在空间统计分析中有广泛应用,其目的是通过一组面要素的某已知属性值估算另一组面要素的属性值。地统计面插值算法多是基于克里金（Kriging）插值及其衍生算法。克里金插值算法考虑属性在空间位置上的变异性,需计算要素之间的协方差,是典型的计算密集型算法。本文分析了基于克里金插值的地统计算法计算过程,该算法中面要素间协方差计算相互独立,可作为并行计算单元划分。另外,面要素间协方差计算可使用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）快速计算,而FFT是一种非常适合并行处理的计算密集型算法。本文根据算法特征设计了基于异构集群计算的并行算法,并使用MPI+CUDA实现了该算法。实验结果表明,本文实现的算法比使用MPI实现的CPU集群的算法有更好的性能,具备良好的可扩展性,并且随着插值精度提高表现出更好的性能。     

空间分析中几种插值方法的比较研究

针对常用的空间插值方法在精度分析方面比较的不足,从地质统计学、数学函数和几何方法方面分别选取普通克里金插值法、三次样条函数法和距离权重倒数法进行插值精度的比较与分析。文章分析了各个方法的优缺点和局限性,选取疏密差异较大的均匀和不均匀离散点数据进行实验,利用三次趋势面模型和MATLAB,ArcGIS,GS+Version...     

基于车载激光扫描的带状地物表面快速重建

根据带状地物空间形态特征以及车载激光扫描系统对带状地物数据采集的特点,提出对相邻两条扫描线数据构建三角网进而完成整个带状地物表面快速重建方法。该方法充分利用了每条扫描线获取带状地物横截面的特点,相邻两条扫描线构建的三角网能准确地反映其所覆盖的狭长条带区域的形态结构,把所有狭长条带连接起来便能准确地描述整个带状地物的形态结构。在网格构建过程中自动建立点、线、面间的拓扑关系或隐含拓扑关系,查询和动态更新操作都限制在非常狭小的范围内,便于快速重建。     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose     

JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA

<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail     

Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo-     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a