高速公路养护管理信息系统设计与开发

针对高速公路养护管理作业的特点,设计了高速公路养护管理信息系统。并在对系统的总体需求分析基础上,阐述了系统建设目标,总体结构和主要功能组成,并分析了系统建设过程中应用动态分段技术处理公路线性特征、多源养护数据的组织与集成、公路病害数据采集等关键技术的实现。     

路桥养护管理中的问题及处理办法

通过对公路桥梁的养护和管理方面现存的主要问题进行的分析与探究,提出了切实可行的建议,希望对公路桥梁的养护与管理能有所借鉴。     

基于B/S与M/S混合架构的排水管网巡查养护WebGIS系统

阐述了B/S(Browser/Server,浏览器/服务器)架构和M/S(Mobile/Server,移动设备/服务器)架构的特点,总结了GIS技术在排水管网管理中的应用.以城市排水管网巡查养护管理工作的需求为基础,介绍了基于B/S与M/S混合架构的城市排水管网巡查养护WebGIS系统的结构设计和功能实现,包含管网巡查、管网养护、管网应急管理等功能.将该系统应用于城市排水管网的运营管理过程,可改善目前排水管网粗放不系统的管理模式,提高城市排水管网巡查养护工作的效率和监管力度.     

实时数字养护在农村大面域供水中的应用探讨

探讨了农村供水管网实时数字养护管理。基于GIS应用为核心构建智慧信息平台,利用互联网络、信息挖掘和数据处理等技术,分析探讨"区域运营、信息决策、联动调配、工程建设、事故预警和运行维护"等方面管网养护实践的应用效果,改善传统养护"先报修,后维修"的被动且孤立困境,消除信息孤岛和数字鸿沟,实现管网运营状态的专业预警和智能调度系统,为GIS技术在乡镇专业管线应用中的作用提供现实指导。     

我国耕地保护制度的变迁

<正>"民以食为天",粮食事关国运民生,粮食安全是维系社会稳定的"压舱石",是国家安全的重要基础。新中国成立70年来,我国粮食生产不断进步,粮食安全已由供给短缺转变为供求基本平衡的稳定阶段。耕地是粮食生产的命根子,耕地安全关系到国家粮食安全,耕地保护也在不同时期面临着不同问题,并针对不同问题出台了相应的制度和政策。根据耕地保护制度的特点及经济社会发展阶段,我国耕地保护制度的形成和演变     

环保博士称绿地养护过度会导致土壤沙化

城市绿地过分“干净”将导致土壤沙化。近日，著名环保人士、北京地球纵观环境科普研究中心的李皓博士在春季城市绿地开始养护前提醒相关部门，春天来了，园林部门不要养护过度，应尽量将树叶、树枝化作春泥。     

我国海洋生物资源养护的立法责任构建

鉴于世界诸多海洋大国日益完善海洋生物资源养护法之形势,加之该法律自身的实际应用价值,我国构建海洋生物资源养护立法责任意义重大。我国应明确立法责任的结构要素,拓宽立法责任的构建思路,从而加快推动该项法律的立法进程,促进我国海洋法律体系的完善。     

团粒喷播技术在济南市章丘文霄山体治理项目的应用探讨

因20世纪末,山石资源无序开采,济南市周边形成了多个破损山体,破坏了原始的地形地貌景观,形成较严重的安全隐患。面对传统的削坡、续坡、覆土绿化等治理手段存在无法实现破损面的全绿化、复绿周期过长、工期较长等诸多不利因素,结合章丘文霄石料厂治理工程特点,详细介绍了团粒喷播技术的技术方法、质量要求、工艺流程、施工材料及养护管理、取得的效果及与传统治理手段的优势等,解决了传统治理手段不能解决的诸多难题,取得了较好的治理效果,为同类型开展山体治理提供新的治理思路。     

公路路面光谱特征分析与沥青路面老化遥感监测方法初探

随着道路交通的快速发展,道路养护工作正变得日益繁重,如何快速获取道路路面健康状况信息,为公路养护部门提供技术支撑,已成为交通部门的迫切需求。本文通过地面光谱测量手段获取了公路路面的光谱反射数据,基于对不同谱段光谱反射吸收特征的分析,探索了沥青路面老化过程中的光谱响应变化规律。在此基础上,通过比值、归一化等数学运算构建了能反映沥青路面健康状况的光谱指数模型,并基于北京南六环良乡地区2013年9月21日的Worldview-2高分辨率遥感数据,对所构建的沥青路面健康光谱指数模型进行了有效性验证与分析。通过比较不同指数反映沥青路面老化状况的差异,筛选出几个适合沥青道路健康状况检测的光谱指数,并以地面观测数据对检测结果的精度进行了验证。结果表明：利用遥感手段可快速实现大范围道路路面健康状况的监测与评价,拓展了遥感技术的应用领域,同时为公路养护部门提供了新的技术手段。     

汛期地质灾害如何防

地质灾害直接关系群众生命财产安全,地质灾害防治是"生命工程"。当前,山西省还处于防汛阶段,各地强降雨仍有发生,地质灾害防治形势依然严峻。在这一关键时节,如何对重点区域进行重点防范?如何使受威胁群众进一步增强自我保护意识和能力?如何进一步压实各级责任,最大限度保障人民群众生命财产安全?近日,笔者就此进行了采访。     

Formation and early development of tetraspores of Polysiphonia urceolata (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)

Polysiphonia urceolata is one type of potential commercial red seaweeds used for breeding and cultivation, because of its significant biochemical and biomedical application. However, the information of breeding and seedling incubation for cultivation is limited, especially the early development. In this study, tetrasporohyte and gametophyte of P. urceolata were taken as the study materials in Huiquan Bay, Qingdao, China. The cleaned and sterilized tetrasporophytes and gametophytes were pre-cultured in sterilized seawater, then nurtured at 18℃, 25 μmol photons m-2 s-1 in 12:12 h (light:dark) photoperiod. Continuous observation under microscope showed that the early development consists of bipolar division stage and seedling stage. In the division stage, tetraspores germinate into bipolar sporelings that further differentiate into a colorless rhizoidal portion and a lightly pigmented upright shoot. The lightly pigmented rhizoidal cell develops to a rhizoid and the larger pigmented cell transforms to an erect axis. In the seedling stage, several quasi-protuberances appear on the erect axis and form juvenile seedlings. The results demonstrate the culture of P. urceolata from tetraspores under laboratory conditions.     

马氏珠母贝激光育苗的生物学机理

对马氏珠母贝激光育苗的机理进行研究，结果表明：激光能加强精子活力，提高精液品质；影响卵子的通透性；抑制水中的细菌生长，使受精卵发育成健壮的胚胎、幼虫、幼苗。     

地震前兆特征与岩样剪切应变率异常数值模拟

利用拉格朗日元法(FLAC)模拟了岩样的宏观力学行为、剪切应变率异常及演化。在峰值强度岩石的本构模型分别取线弹性模型及应变软化模型的条件下,得到如下结论：1)在弹性阶段之后,应力-时步曲线具有一定的周期性。与地震复发的周期性类似。在加载过程中,形变场由均匀逐渐向不均匀转变．最终形成交叉的剪切带网络。被该网络所包围的试样中部可视为背景空区．在空区之外,地震群比较活跃。在应变硬化阶段。可以从未来震源观测到前兆一剪切应变率异常条带。2)在中期阶段之后,空区内地震活动的开始增强明显要比空区外地震活动增强晚。地震的迁移是由外向内。3)短期阶段则相反：在硬化阶段．剪切带内外的剪切应变率的差别不很显著。试样处于相对平静状态。在软化阶段,若采用剪切应变率最大的位置作为震源．可确定震源在试样的中部。源兆和场兆都集中在老断层上。     

马氏珠母贝育苗方法的多因素试验

用正交试验的方法观察影响马氏珠母贝育苗效果的七个因素：ＥＤＴＡ（Ａ）、水处理（Ｂ）、换水（Ｃ）、充气（Ｄ）、光照（Ｅ）、抗菌素（Ｆ）、倒池（Ｇ）。结果表明：影响成活率的显著因素为Ａ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｇ；影响贝苗生长的显著因素为Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｇ。加入ＥＤＴＡ、利用砂滤海水、每天换水、微弱充气、较暗的光照、使用抗菌素和定期倒池为浮游幼虫期较优的育苗方法。     

三角帆蚌鳃的组织学研究

对非繁殖期与繁殖前期的雌性三角帆蚌鳃瓣作组织切片,观察其组织形态结构。结果表明,三角帆蚌内、外鳃的鳃丝在组成上是相同的,从外到内,其结构可以分为:上皮、基膜、结缔组织,鳃丝上密布纤毛,鳃丝结缔组织中含吞噬细胞、透明细胞等。外鳃具特有结构——瓣间隔和育儿囊,且在瓣间隔两侧,有发达的小水管系统。由于这种结构的存在,使得内外鳃瓣在鳃瓣厚度、鳃小瓣厚度、鳃丝宽度上存在显著性差异。繁殖前期,内鳃基本无变化,而外鳃发生明显的变化,鳃瓣增厚,鳃腔扩大形成孵化室,为胚胎发育提供一个良好的发育环境。     

Formation and early development of tetraspores of Polysiphonia urceolata （Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta）

Polysiphonia urceolata is one type of potential commercial red seaweeds used for breeding and cultivation, because of its significant biochemical and biomedical application. However, the information of breeding and seedling incubation for cultivation is limited, especially the early development. In this study, tetrasporohyte and gametophyte of P. urceolata were taken as the study materials in Huiquan Bay, Qingdao, China. The cleaned and sterilized tetrasporophytes and gametophytes were pre-cultured in sterilized seawater, then nurtured at 18°C, 25 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹ in 12:12 h (light:dark) photoperiod. Continuous observation under microscope showed that the early development consists of bipolar division stage and seedling stage. In the division stage, tetraspores germinate into bipolar sporelings that further differentiate into a colorless rhizoidal portion and a lightly pigmented upright shoot. The lightly pigmented rhizoidal cell develops to a rhizoid and the larger pigmented cell transforms to an erect axis. In the seedling stage, several quasi-protuberances appear on the erect axis and form juvenile seedlings. The results demonstrate the culture of P. urceolata from tetraspores under laboratory conditions. Supported by National Key Technology Support Program, Development Program of China (No.2006AA09Z21), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40618001 and N_CUHK438/06) and Shandong Agricultural Seed Stock Breeding Project     

Mass Selection for Fast Growth in the Third Generation of the Orange Line of the Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum

The Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is natively distributed along the Pacific coast of Asia, where it is one of the most important bivalve species for local fisheries. This species has been intentionally introduced due to its high adaptability to various coastal environments and is currently widely cultivated in Europe and North America. We have initiated a selective breeding program to improve the growth rate of the Manila clam since 2007, and a full-sib family with orange shell color was selected. This family features high survival but slow growth. Thereafter, two generations of mass selection were conducted in this family by 10% upward selection for faster growth. In 2011, three types of lines were produced by selecting the breeder from the second-generation of selected lines. These lines are SS(subject to three generations of selection for growth in shell length), SC(selected for the second but not the third generation), and C(randomly sampled individuals from the national population). The genetic parameters of the shell length including hR2(realized heritability), SR(selection response), and GG(genetic gain) were analyzed. Results showed that the shell length of the SS line was significantly larger than those of the SC and C lines at all developmental stages(P 0.05). For the larval stage, the values of hR2, SR, and GG were 0.42, 0.73, and 6.66, respectively. For the juvenile stage, the values of hR2, SR, and GG were 0.40, 0.69, 21.76, respectively. For grow-out stage, the values of hR2, SR, and GG were 0.48, 0.83, and 18.22, respectively. The results of hR2 indicated the good potential of the SS line in selective breeding. The level of GG improvement was encouraging and consistent with the previous expectations. No inbreeding depressions in the shell length were observed in the SS and SC lines at all sampling days. All of the results indicate that maintaining selection pressure in successive generations may be effective in the selective breeding program of this family.     

朝阳董家店地区寒武系

朝阳董家店地区寒武系发育,岩石地层单位从下面上分为A组(含燧石结核、燧石条带白云岩组),B组(红色砂页岩、白云岩组),董家店组(C组,鲕粒白云岩组),D组(薄层灰岩组)。生物地层单位从下而上为Probowmania带,Taitzeuia-Crepicephalina带,Blackwelderia-Cyclorenzella,parabola带,Chuangia带,Tsinania带,Tellerina带。年代地层单位可划分为寒武系下统(缺少化石,不能建阶);寒武系中统毛庄阶,张夏阶(因缺少化石,徐庄阶不能建立);寒武系上统崮山阶,长山阶,凤山阶。董家店组是笔者命名的岩组,其命名的主要依据是岩性、岩相特征明显,岩组全为鲕粒白云岩,在该区延展较广,与邻区同层岩组有较大差别。     

繁殖季节彩虹鲨卵巢发育的组织学研究

对繁殖季节彩虹鲨卵巢的结构进行显微观察。结果表明,繁殖季节彩虹鲨卵巢,大多处于Ⅳ期和Ⅴ期,少数处于Ⅲ期。在Ⅳ和Ⅴ期卵巢中,Ⅱ～Ⅵ时相的卵母细胞同时存在,说明彩虹鲨为分批产卵类型。Ⅱ时相卵母细胞出现卵黄核,Ⅲ时相卵母细胞出现放射膜和皮质液泡,Ⅳ时相卵母细胞的受精孔和精孔细胞明显。     

基于价值链理论的海湾扇贝价值增值研究

以迈克尔?波特的价值链理论为基础,结合海湾扇贝的特点,对海湾扇贝产业中价值增值的关键节点进行实证研究。研究发现,从价值构成结构看,资金、技术、劳动、管理等在各环节中对增值的作用也有较大差异。在育苗阶段,技术的作用非常明显;在养殖阶段,自然环境和劳动付出成为价值提升的关键所在;在加工阶段,资金、技术、劳动、管理等共同提升了价值;在销售阶段,推动价值提升更表现在"软实力"上。