山东济宁金乡大蒜产地重金属在土壤—农作物中迁移转化特征研究

基于金乡县南部地区土地质量地球化学调查与评价项目,系统采集表层土壤和大蒜样品,对As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn共8种重金属元素全量及形态数据进行深入分析,研究发现,土壤重金属形态除Cd、Hg外以残渣态占绝对优势;重金属生物可利用系数与SOM、pH、CEC均呈负相关;大蒜植株不同部位对元素的富集特征具有明显差异性,As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn表现为须根>叶身>假茎>蒜头;蒜头Cd与土壤Cd全量呈显著性正相关,其余元素与对应土壤中全量相关关系不明显。     

贵港城区土壤重金属的空间分布特征及来源解析

文章在对贵港市城区土壤进行系统采样分析,测定了表层土壤中Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、Cd、As和Hg含量的基础上,利用GIS技术和多元地统计结合的方法,研究了上述8种重金属的空间分布特征和来源。.结果表明:8种重金属元素含量平均值均高于玉林地区土壤背景值,As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn分别是背景值的2.7、21.5、2.7、2.4、2.5、3.3、1.9和4.3倍,说明随着贵港城市化进程的快速发展,土壤中重金属呈现积累趋势。贵港城区土壤中8种重金属元素来源被分成3个类别,即农业交通源因子类别(Cd、Zn)、自然因子类别(Cr、Ni)和燃煤因子类别(As)。Pb、Cu和Hg的来源受3个因子的控制。     

河北省典型铅锌矿区重金属来源解析及生态风险评价

为揭示河北省典型铅锌矿区重金属来源及生态风险,以河北省某铅锌矿区周边区域为研究对象,通过系统的田间采样采集了156件土壤样品,通过主成分分析(PCA)及正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型分析,分析了区域内重金属的来源;运用地累积指数法及潜在生态风险指数法进行了风险评价。研究结果表明,Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb和Hg质量分数平均值分别为53.6,25.7,62.7,692,10.6,1.75,142,0.129 mg/kg,除Cr, Ni和As外,其余5种重金属均处于不同的污染水平,平均值均超河北省土壤背景值,Hg, Cd, Zn, Pb和Cu的变异系数均大于1.75,As的变异系数大于0.5,表明这6种重金属属于高度变异。源解析显示,研究区土壤重金属的主要来源为采矿活动、自然来源、农业活动和金矿冶炼,其中,Pb, Zn和Cd主要源于采矿活动;Cr, Ni主要受自然母质的影响,属于自然来源;Cu主要受农业活动和采矿活动的双重影响;As受自然来源、采矿活动和农业活动三重控制;Hg主要源于金矿冶炼和采矿活动。PCA与PMF模型有机结合、彼此印证,增加了重金属来源解析结果...     

舟山西蟹峙海洋倾倒区及邻近海域表层沉积物重金属污染及其生态风险评价

根据2011年7月浙江舟山西蟹峙海洋倾倒区及邻近海域表层沉积物重金属的监测结果,采用单因子指数法和Hakanson生态危害指数法分析表层沉积物重金属的污染特征,并评价其潜在生态风险。结果表明:沉积物重金属元素Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As含量均符合国家海洋沉积物质量一类标准;重金属元素污染程度由高到低依次为Zn、Cr、Pb、Cu、As、Cd、Hg,其中Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg和As 5种重金属元素为低污染水平,Zn和Cr 2种重金属元素为中等污染程度水平;7种重金属元素单个和综合潜在生态危害程度均为低风险水平,由高到低依次为Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn。     

鲁西莱阳茌梨产地小流域沉积物重金属生态风险评价及来源分析

富集在河流沉积物中的重金属是长期影响河流地表水和周边农田土壤环境生态的潜在威胁。采集鲁西五龙河小流域表层沉积物样品,分析As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn共8种重金属的含量,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法评价重金属元素污染现状和潜在生态风险,运用正定矩阵因子矩阵法对沉积物重金属来源进行解析。结果表明,沉积物重金属中Cr、Cu、Hg和Ni的平均含量明显高于相关背景值,显示一定的富集特征。重金属污染程度排序为Ni>Hg>Cu>Cr>Cd>Zn>As>Pb,其中Cu、Hg和Ni为偏中度污染,Cd和Cr为偏轻度污染,As、Zn和Pb为无污染。沉积物重金属潜在生态风险低、中、较高等级风险占比分别为40.8%、48.1%和11.1%,Hg和Cd为主要潜在生态风险元素,分别表现为较高潜在生态风险和中等潜在生态风险,风险点主要分布在五龙河汇合口和富水河中。研究区重金属污染来源主要有自然源(Cr和Ni)、混合源(As、Cd、Hg和Pb)和果园农药(Cu和Zn),三者贡献率分别为30%、31%和39%。     

山东烟台南部海岸带地区土壤重金属来源、空间分布及潜在风险评价

海岸带处于陆地和海洋的接合部,人类开发活动密集,环境影响因素日趋复杂。选取烟台南部海岸带为研究对象,系统采集686个表层土壤样品对As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn共8个重金属元素含量进行测量,采用多元统计法及地统计法分析了8个重金属元素的来源及分布特征。最后对烟台南部海岸带地区进行了潜在生态风险评价。研究结果表明烟台南部海岸带地区整体污染程度较轻,所有重金属元素含量平均值均未超过国家二级标准。其中Cr,Ni,Cu元素主要来源于成土母质;As,Pb为混合源;Cd,Zn主要来自于工业三废、农业生产。研究区整体处于中低生态风险水平,Cd,Hg元素高生态风险点数量较多,需优先治理。     

贵港市覃塘区农耕地重金属地球化学基线及潜在生态风险评价

文章采用Ti元素标准化法确定农耕土壤元素As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn的地球化学基线值,并以此为参比值,计算重金属元素的潜在生态风险指数(Er)。其结果显示,贵港市覃塘区的土壤重金属环境质量优良,土壤元素Hg、Cd是潜在中等生态危害风险的主因子,其他元素均为低生态风险。     

煤中重金属元素的溶出潜力及其影响因素

水-煤相互作用是影响煤矿矿井水水质的重要因素之一。为揭示煤中重金属元素的溶出机制,利用连续化学提取、浸溶实验等方法分析了煤中10种重金属元素赋存形态,量化了水-煤相互作用过程中重金属元素平均溶出浓度,梳理了影响煤中重金属元素溶出的内在和外在因素。结果表明：(1)煤中的Hg和Cr主要以残渣态存在;Mo主要以残渣态和可氧化态存在;Ni、Cu、Co、Zn和Cd主要以残渣态、可氧化态和弱酸提取态存在;As和Pb主要以残渣态、可氧化态和可还原态存在。(2)各重金属元素的平均溶出浓度从高到低依次为Zn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Co、Mo、As、Cd、Pb、Hg,对应浓度分别为25.73、25.21、18.12、13.22、8.10、4.31、0.77、0.60、0.50、<0.10μg·L^-1。(3)影响煤中重金属元素溶出的内在因素包括元素赋存含量、元素赋存状态和存在形式、煤炭产酸性能、水体Eh值等;外在因素包括氧暴露条件、水-煤相互作用时间等。在内在和外在因素的共同影响下,导致了不同地区煤中重金属元素溶出特征具有较大差异。     

烟台近岸海域表层沉积物重金属污染特征

采取烟台近岸海域150个海底表层沉积物样品进行Hg,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,As,Ni元素分析。结果显示,烟台市近岸海域重金属主要富集在芝罘湾(Cd,Cu)、龙口(As,Cr,Cu)及海阳东部(Ni,Pb)一带,而莱州、招远及牟平近岸海域重金属含量较低。单因子、内梅罗和潜在生态危害指数评价结果显示,研究区88%海域的沉积物达到一类标准,轻污染区主要分布在芝罘岛北部及龙口市西部,龙口、招远及烟台市近岸沉积物潜在风险中等。     

山东省东部地区土壤重金属污染及其生态环境效应

为了弄清楚山东省东部地区土壤重金属元素的潜在生态危害程度,在土壤调查的基础上,采用潜在生态危害指数法,以深层土壤的重金属元素含量均值作为参比值,对土壤进行重金属污染的潜在生态风险评价,并探讨其生态环境效应.结果表明:山东省东部地区土壤重金属元素污染程度从大到小依次为Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As,重金属潜在生态风险从大到小依次为Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn,其中Hg和Cd对土壤污染危害的贡献率之和达87.95％,仅Hg元素的贡献率就达到61.96％;综合潜在生态风险评价级别为强和很强的土壤面积占13.75％,主要分布在莱州—招远—烟台和牟平—乳山金矿集中区以及人口密集的城镇地带,这种空间分布与目前金矿开采、选冶和人类生产生活布局一致;此外,局部土壤重金属污染物已迁移到小麦体内,部分小麦样品中Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn含量超临界值,对人体健康产生影响.     

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRACTIONATIONS OF Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn AND Ni AND SOIL PROPERTIES IN URBAN SOILS OF CHANGCHUN, CHINA

1IN T R O D U C T IO N With therapiddevelopment of urbanizatio,nurban land was exploitedand utilizetdoform differendtomains be- ing subjectto many potentialpollutionsourcessuch as vehicleemission, industrialactivitieasnd household garbage.Particularl, yur…     

Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Yongshuyu Irrigation Area from Songhua River Basin,Northeast China

There is an increasing concern for potentially hazardous metals pollution, which can threaten crops production and human health. In this study, the spatial distribution and environmental risks of eight heavy metals in surface soil samples collected from the paddy fields in Yongshuyu irrigation area, Northeast China were investigated. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Hg and As were 34.6 ± 4.67, 82.8 ± 9.51, 17.3 ± 4.09, 21.2 ± 12.0, 88.6 ± 17.9, 0.18 ± 0.15, 0.22 ± 0.07 and 8.77 ± 2.47 mg/kg, respectively, which were slightly higher than their corresponding background values of Jilin Province, indicating enrichment of these metals in the paddy soils, especially for Ni, Cd and Hg. The spatial distribution of heavy metals was closely correlated with local anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural production, mining and transportation. The hot-spot areas of As and Cd were mainly concentrated in the up-midstream where were associated with agricultural activities. Cr and Cu showed similar spatial distributions with hot-spot areas distributed the whole irrigation area uniformly. Ni was mainly distributed in the downstream where Ni quarries concentrated, while the spatial distribution patterns of Hg was mainly located in the upstream and downstream where the soil was significantly influenced by irrigation and coal mining emission. The spatial distributions of Pb and Zn were mainly concentrated along the highway side. The pollution levels of Yongshuyu irrigation area were estimated through index of geo-accumulation(Igeo), Nemerow integrated pollution index(NIPI) and potential ecological risk index(PERI). The results showed that Cd and Hg were the main pollutants in the study area. Health risk assessment results indicated that children were in higher non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks than adults with the carcinogenic metal of As. Ingestion was the main exposure pathway to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for both adults and children. Principal component analysis(PCA) indicated that Cr and Cu were mainly from parent materials, while Cd and As were mainly affected by agricultural activities. Pb and Zn were controlled by traffic activities, and the accumulations of Ni and Hg were associated with mining activities. This study would be valuable for preventing heavy metals inputs and safety in rice production of the Songhua river basin.     

煤矸石堆附近耕作层土壤中重金属污染状况与评价——以鲁西南煤炭基地为例

通过对鲁西南煤炭基地若干混堆的煤矸石山周围耕作层土壤的实际调查及分析测试资料,研究了煤矸石堆附近耕作层土壤中重金属污染状况。结果表明,土壤局部已经受到Cd、Ni的污染,但未出现多金属复合污染状况。煤矸石堆附近土壤已经受到采矿等人类活动的影响,其中Cd,Hg的人为影响最大。从8种重金属元素含量随深度的变化曲线形态来看,Hg,Cd 2种元素与Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb,As 6种元素曲线形态显示差异性,Hg,Cd元素在土壤中赋存、迁移等应具特殊性,有待进一步研究。     

滨州海岸带土壤和海底沉积物重金属空间分布特征

通过对滨州近海海域海底沉积物测试数据及海岸带陆域土壤地球化学分析,对滨州海岸带陆域土壤和海底沉积物中7种重金属(Hg,Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni)的空间分布特征进行了研究,并绘制了各指标含量陆海联合分区图。分析结果表明,滨州市海岸带重金属元素含量基本上均低于国标规定的海洋一类沉积物的最高标准,仅有个别元素含量超过一级标准值,表明局部存在一定的重金属污染。从滨州海岸带重金属含量空间分布上来看,除Hg元素外,其余重金属元素含量呈现一定的规律,基本上陆域含量高于海域含量,且大部分元素都呈现出陆域城镇值高,郊区值低的态势。区内化工企业较发达,Ni,Cr属于中度变异区,Cd,Hg,Pb属于高度变异,受人为影响因素较大,考虑区内土壤及海底沉积物重金属富集主要来源于工业"三废"。     

Influences of hydrological regime on heavy metal and saltion concentrations in intertidal sediment from Chongming Dongtan,Changjiang River estuary,China

The tidal flat along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary has long been reclaimed for the agricultural purposes, with the prevailing hydrological conditions during such pedogenic transformations being of great importance to their successful development. In this study, samples of surface sediment from Chongming Dongtan, situated at the mouth of the Changjiang River estuary, were collected and analyzed in order to understand how hydrological management can influence the concentrations of heavy metals and salt ions in pore water, and chemical fractionation of heavy metals during the reclamation process. We performed a series of experiments that simulated three dif ferent hydrological regimes: permanent flooding(R1), alternative five-day periods of wetting and drying(R2), continuous field capacity(R3). Our results exhibited good Pearson correlations coefficients between heavy metals and salt ions in the pore water for both R1 and R2. In particular, the concentrations of salt ions in the pore water decreased in all three regimes, but showed the biggest decline in R2. With this R2 experiment, the periodic concentration patterns in the pore water varied for Fe and Mn, but not for Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. Neither the fractionation of Ni nor the residual fractions of any metals changed significantly in any regime. In R1, the reducible fractions of heavy metals(Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb) in the sediment decreased, while the acid extractable fractions increased. In R2, the acid extractable and the reducible fractions of Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb both decreased, as did the oxidizable fraction of Cu. These data suggest that an alternating hydrological regime can reduce both salinity and the availability of heavy metals in sediments.     

章丘区北部土壤重金属地球化学特征及潜在生态风险

以山东省济南市章丘区北部表层土壤中As等8种重金属元素为研究对象,利用多元统计进行重金属来源分析,采用污染负荷指数法及潜在生态危害指数法进行污染评价,结果表明:研究区表层土壤重金属元素含量低于济南市土壤背景值,Cd和Hg元素含量为强度变异,在表层土壤产生一定的富集;不同土地利用类型下重金属元素含量具有差异性。土壤中Cr,Cu,Ni和Zn来源于土壤母质,Cd和Pb元素来源于人类活动,As元素来源复杂。土壤综合污染以轻度污染为主,重金属元素污染程度大小为AsNiPbZnCrCuCdHg。综合潜在生态风险以轻微和中度为主,潜在生态风险强弱程度为HgCdAsCuPbNiCrZn,建议防范Hg和Cd元素污染及生态风险。     

Potential Effects of Episodic Deposition on Nutrients and Heavy Metals in Decomposing Litters of Suaeda glauca in Salt Marsh of the Yellow River Estuary,China

Episodic deposition has been recognized as a major factor affecting the decomposition rate of detrital material in salt marshes. In this paper, three one-off burial treatments, no burial treatment(0 cm, NBT), current burial treatment(10 cm, CBT) and strong burial treatment(20 cm, SBT), were designed in intertidal zone of the Yellow River Estuary to determine the potential influences of episodic deposition on nutrient(C, N) and heavy metal(Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cd, V and Co) variations in decomposing litters of Suaeda glauca. Results showed that although various burial treatments showed no statistical difference in decomposition rate of S. glauca, the values generally followed the sequence of CBT(0.002 403/d) SBT(0.002 195/d) NBT(0.002 060/d). The nutrients and heavy metals in decomposing litters of the three burial treatments exhibited different variations except for N, Cu, Cr, Ni and Co. Except for Mn, no significant differences in C, N, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, V and Co concentrations occurred among the three treatments(P 0.05). With increasing burial depth, Cr and Cd levels generally increased while Cu, Ni and Mn concentrations decreased. Although episodic deposition was generally favorable for C and N release from S. glauca, its influence on release was insignificant. In the three burial treatments, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, Mn, V and Co stocks in S. glauca generally evidenced the export of metals from litter to environment, and, with increasing burial depth, the export amounts increased greatly. The S. glauca were particular efficient in binding Cd and releasing Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, Mn, V and Co, and, with increasing burial depth, stocks of Cu in decomposing litters generally shifted from release to accumulation. The experiment indicated that the potential eco-toxic risk of Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, Mn, V and Co exposure would be serious as the strong burial episodes occurred in S. glauca marsh.     

Heavy metal distribution in sediments of Muthupettai mangroves, south east coast of India

Core sediments from the Muthupettai mangroves on the southeast coast of India were analyzed for soil texture,total nitrogen,organic carbon,phosphorus and heavy metals(Fe,Mn,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn and Cd).The distinct seasonal variation in the distribution of metals in the sediments was observed.The minimum concentration was recorded in river mouth and the maximum was in lagoon.High metal concentration in sediment was observed during monsoon and low concentration in summer.The total nu-trient in lagoon and river mouth was recorded in the range of 4.528 to 8.526 mg g-1 for organic carbon,2.213 to 10.5 mg g-1 for nitro-gen and 0.824 to 7.22 mg g-1.