基于高分影像光谱特征的广西海岸带红树林精细分类与制图

准确了解我国海岸带红树林种类组成有助于红树林资源调查、保护和利用。本文基于广西海岸带2018—2020年共 14景GF-2多光谱影像,通过植被指数法和一阶微分法进行光谱特征数据重构,使用支持向量机分类方法,对广西海岸带红树林开展种间精细分类研究。结合现场数据以茅尾海为例,通过与原始数据和一阶微分的分类结果进行对比分析,来验证光谱特征数据重构对红树林种类识别的有效性。结果表明,基于光谱特征重构数据的分类精度最高,为91.55%,Kappa系数为0.8695,分别比原始数据和一阶微分提高了6.92%和11.17%。以此开展了广西整个海岸带红树林类型识别,结果表明,广西主要分布有7种真红树分别为桐花树、白骨壤、无瓣海桑、秋茄、红海榄、木榄、老鼠簕和一种盐沼草本植物茳芏,湿地植被总面积为7402.98 hm²,防城港市、钦州市和北海市红树林面积分别为1826.16、2496.18和3080.47 hm²,其中桐花树和白骨壤为广西红树林优势物种,分布面积最大,分别为3372.09 hm²和3445.17 hm²,二者占总面积的92.09%,其次为茳芏287.50 hm²占总面积3.88%,无瓣海桑与红海榄次之,面积分别为135.97 hm²和126.52 hm²,共占红树林总面积的3.55%,老鼠簕、木榄和秋茄面积极少,均不足20 hm²,三者相加不足红树林总面积的1%。北仑河口、山口和茅尾海3个红树林自然保护区的红树林总面积分别为1009.21、715.56和1546.62 hm²。本文基于高分数据的光谱特征数据重构方法开展红树林精细分类研究,可以为广西红树林管理、保护和重建提供技术和数据支撑。     

利用高光谱数据进行植被生化成分反演方法研究

高光谱数据包含着丰富光谱信息,能够定量地分析物质成分^[1]。由高光谱数据,可以运用多元逐步线性回归方法反演植被生化组分含量,从而达到监测植被生长状况的目的^[2]。本文具体介绍了多元逐步线性回归方法,及其在氮、木质素和纤维素含量估算中的应用。     

中国北方典型农牧交错区的土壤风蚀危险度研究

土壤风蚀及其引发的土地退化、沙化和沙尘暴是中国北方严重的环境问题之一。通过定量评估中国北方典型农牧交错地区土壤风蚀危险程度,可以为区域生态环境的保护和生态修复提供科学支撑。本文基于文献调研、兼顾数据的可获得性,建立了包括风场强度、植被覆盖率、地形起伏度、土壤干燥度等因子在内的风蚀危险程度评价指标体系。同时,依据遥感参数反演和地面气象观测数据,在地理信息系统技术支持下,形成了上述因子的空间分布数据。另外,利用层次分析方法,构建土壤风蚀危险度评价模型,得到研究区土壤风蚀危险度的空间分布。最后,结合研究区土地利用数据,探讨了风蚀危险度空间分布格局的自然环境和土地利用背景。研究表明:研究区土壤风蚀极险型区域面积为1.47×10⁴km²,强险型区域面积为6.09×10⁴km²,危险型区域面积为3.47×10⁴km²,轻险型区域面积为3.45×10⁴km²,无险型区域面积为2.19×10⁴km²。本区土壤风蚀危险度呈现出从东南到西北逐渐增强的趋势,这与区域的植被、气候,以及土地利用的空间格局具有内在的有机联系。     

章丘区浅层地温能资源研究与评价——以地埋管换热方式为例

通过对章丘区浅层地温能赋存条件的研究,结合现场热响应试验、岩土样品测试等数据,采用层次分析法和指标法对研究区进行了地埋管地源热泵系统开发利用适宜性分区,并概算了浅层地温能资源量、评价了开发利用资源潜力、进行了经济和社会效益分析。结果表明:适宜性区面积76.38km²,占研究区面积的95.48%;适宜区内120m以浅浅层地温能热容量21.3228×10¹²kJ/℃。研究区全部利用地埋管地源热泵系统,夏季可制冷面积5353.1278×10⁴m²,冬季可供暖面积6504.6662×10⁴m²。浅层地温能开发利用潜力巨大,经济和社会效益明显。     

四川省小流域泥石流危险性评价

泥石流危险性评价是泥石流防灾减灾的重要内容。本文以四川省为研究区,以DEM为数据源,通过提取水流方向,计算汇流累积量,实现四川省小流域划分。基于收集的已查明泥石流流域资料,分析了泥石流孕灾环境与成灾特点,选择流域高差、流域面积为指标,建立基于能量条件的潜势泥石流流域判识模型,对划分的小流域进行判识,识别出7798个小流域具备泥石流发生所需能量条件,面积为31.1×10⁴ km²,占四川省总面积的64.18 %。进而建立了泥石流危险性评价指标体系和可拓物元模型,开展了小流域泥石流危险性评价,划分了危险度等级,得到中度、高度、极高危险区的小流域个数分别为1946、1725和1002个,面积分别为9.1×10⁴、7.7×10⁴和3.4×10⁴ km²,中度以上危险区面积共20.2×10⁴ km2,占四川省总面积的41.67%。最后对评价结果可靠性和各等级泥石流危险区在各地市级行政区、各大流域的分布进行了分析。其结果对促进泥石流判识与危险性评价理论,区域泥石流防灾减灾与山区可持续发展等具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

新型遥感技术数据的铀资源勘查应用

一系列对地观测遥感卫星成功发射,新型传感器相继问世,不断增添具有更高空间分辨率、光谱分辨率和更多极化方式的新型遥感数据源。这些数据源正以传统遥感数据源不具有的优势在国民经济各领域应用,取得了许多良好的应用效果。本文从新型多光谱遥感、高空间分辨率遥感、高光谱遥感、雷达遥感等四个方面介绍了新型遥感数据在铀资源勘查中的应用研究及效果。     

暖湿化下西北地区水体变化趋势遥感监测

水体是支撑西北地区生态环境健康与社会经济持续发展重要的地表环境要素。在气候变化与人类活动的综合影响下，西北地区水体的时空分布发生着显著的变化，并反过来影响着区域内社会经济的发展和生态环境的保护与建设。为深入认识气候变化背景下西北地区水体的时空变化规律，本文基于高分辨率全球地表水数据集(JRC Monthly History v1.3)，分析了2000—2020年西北地区水体面积及其空间分布的变化规律。从年内变化看，西北地区水体面积在6月和9月有较显著的扩张，而10月起随着区内水分来源的减少水体面积开始缩减。从年际变化看，自2000—2020年，西北地区水体面积从3.48×10⁴ km²增加到4.82×10⁴ km²，年变化率达到682.64 km²/a。其中，塔里木河沿线区域及青海省西部水体面积扩张较为显著。塔里木河、和田河、台吉乃尔湖、达布逊湖和青海湖等常年水体周围，水体面积持续增加。本文同时利用高分辨率气候再分析数据(CMFD)分析了西北地区气候变化对水体面积及其分布的影响...     

Landsat/OLI与夜间灯光数据在提取城市不透水面中的精度差异分析

不透水面作为反映城市发展程度和表征城市生态环境的重要指标,在城市化研究中成为重要的数据源。当前,不透水面信息的获取通常基于遥感数据来开展,包括不同分辨率的遥感数据。这些遥感数据在高精度提取城市不透水面的能力具有较大的差异,会因尺度不同而带来提取精度的偏差。因此,理解不同遥感数据源在不透水面提取上的差异尤为重要。本文利用Landsat/OLI光谱数据和VIIRS/DNB夜间灯光数据分别采用线性光谱混合分析法和大尺度不透水面指数法提取珠江三角洲研究区的不透水面信息,并从不透水面总体精度、不同密度精度对比分析2类数据源提取不透水面的差异。结果表明：① Landsat/OLI和VIIRS/DNB两者提取不透水面的总体精度差异不大,Landsat/OLI提取不透水面的精度总体上略高于VIIRS/DNB。2种数据提取不透水面的均方根误差RMSE分别是0.18和0.21,系统误差SE分别是0.12和0.13,决定系数R ²分别是0.76和0.67。② Landsat/OLI和VIIRS/DNB数据对不同密度不透水面分布区域的提取能力不同：VIIRS/DNB在低密度不透水面区域提取精度高于Landsat/OLI;而Landsat/OLI在中、高密度不透水面区域提取精度均高于VIIRS/DNB。通过2种数据提取精度差异的对比,以期为不同密度的不透水面分布区域提取找到最佳尺度的数据源,提高不透水面提取的效率和精度。     

基于静风期污染物的PM2.5排放清单空间精细化方法

有利气象条件之后的静风期,极大降低了PM_2.5跨区域传输的影响,能够揭示本地源的排放状况。本文尝试性引入了静风期污染物分布揭示本地源排放特征的概念,提出了一种基于遥感数据的PM_2.5排放清单空间精细化方法：首先,利用 MODIS MCD19A2反演的ChinaHighPM_2.5数据,构建高时空分辨率PM_2.5数据融合方法;然后,构建唐山市有利气象条件之后的静风期污染物遴选方法（合理风向和风速：有利气象条件为东风,地面10 m高度风速大于3 m/s,其他风向,持续的较大风力5~10 m/s;静风期风速小于1.5~2.0 m/s）;其次,基于遴选的静风期PM_2.5数据分配MEIC清单中的PM_2.5总排放量,同时对比传统插值方法：基于GDP、人口密度、路网、土地利用类型数据,实现清单各污染源PM_2.5的1 km×1 km空间分配;最后,利用WRF-CMAQ模拟数据和地面台站实测数据进行真实性检验。研究结果表明：① PM_2.5数据填补融合方法能够有效提高PM_2.5监测数据的时空分辨率,且与地面监测值显著相关（R²=0.94,RMSE=4.64 µg/m³,NMB=2%,NME=7%）;② 引入有利气象条件后的静风期概念,提出了静风期污染物的遴选方法,有效降低了PM_2.5跨区域传输的影响,更好地反映了本地源排放的空间分布特征;③ WRF-CMAQ模拟方法的精度验证结果表明,该方法较传统面积插值法NME降低7%,NMB降低10%,RMSE降低1.54 µg/m³,R²提高11%。该方法为排放清单的空间精细化提供了新的研究思路。     

基于微波数据与光学数据集成的机器学习技术在作物产量估算中的应用

各类光学植被指数已成功地应用于各种植被监测与作物产量估算中,但这些指数易受大气状况的影响。由星载微波辐射计得到的植被光学厚度数据（VOD）与植被密度、含水量密切相关,数据可全天候获得,在农业遥感监测中呈现着巨大的潜力。作为来自不同传感器的遥感数据,微波遥感数据与光学遥感数据可以提供不同波长范围内的植被信息。为了更准确地进行作物产量估算,本研究提出将微波遥感数据与光学遥感数据共同应用于冬小麦单产估算中。研究选择L波段微波辐射计SMAP卫星的VOD数据与MODIS的标准归一化植被指数NDVI、增强型植被指数EVI、叶面积指数LAI、光合有效辐射分量FPAR数据作为研究变量,分别使用BP神经网络、GA-BP神经网络和PSO-BP神经网络建立冬小麦产量估算模型。结果表明： 3种神经网络回归模型的P值均小于0.001,通过了显著性检验。GA-BP神经网络回归模型的估算值与真实值在3种神经网络回归模型中表现了最高的相关性（R=0.755）与最低的均方根误差（RMSE=529.145 kg/hm²）,平均绝对误差(MAE=425.168 kg/hm²)和平均相对误差（MRE=6.530%）。为了分析多源遥感数据的结合在作物产量估算中的优势,研究同时构建了仅使用NDVI和LAI,使用NDVI、EVI、LAI、FPAR等光学数据进行冬小麦产量估算的3种GA-BP神经网络回归模型作为对比。结果表明,使用微波遥感数据与光学遥感数建立的GA-BP神经网络回归模型较上述3种作为对比的GA-BP神经网络回归模型的相关系数R值分别提高了0.163,0.229与0.056,均方根误差RMSE分别降低了122.334、158.462和46.923 kg/hm²,使用多源遥感数据的组合可以很好地提高作物产量估算的准确性。     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose     

JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA

<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail     

Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo-     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied