岩浆过程中铁同位素的地球化学行为

铁同位素在岩浆过程中可以发生明显的分馏。相对于地幔橄榄岩(δ56 Fe平均值约为0‰),玄武岩略微富集铁的重同位素(δ56 Fe平均值约为0.1‰)。相对于中基性岩浆岩,酸性岩浆岩更加富集铁的重同位素。岩浆过程中的铁同位素分馏主要受铁的价态或氧逸度所控制。通常岩浆岩中的三价铁矿物(如磁铁矿等)相对于二价铁矿物(如橄榄石、辉石等)富集铁的重同位素。地幔橄榄岩部分熔融过程中,由于Fe3+比Fe2+更加不相容,熔体比固体相更加富集Fe3+,因而部分熔融产物(通常为玄武岩)相对富集铁的重同位素。在结晶分异过程及低氧逸度条件下,橄榄石、辉石等含Fe2+的矿物结晶导致熔体更加富集Fe3+,熔体铁同位素组成变重;在高氧逸度条件下,磁铁矿等含Fe3+的矿物结晶促使熔体更加富集Fe2+,熔体铁同位素组成变轻。在流体出溶过程中,出溶的流体相对富集铁的轻同位素,残余的岩浆铁同位素组成变重。现有研究表明,铁同位素在示踪岩浆作用方面具有很大潜力。     

克拉通岩石圈地幔的形成与破坏:大洋板块俯冲的贡献

克拉通是地球上最古老的大陆地块。克拉通之所以能够长期稳定存在,主要是因为它具有巨厚、刚性的岩石圈地幔。古老克拉通岩石圈地幔具有高度难熔(富Mg、贫Fe)的特点,其密度较下伏软流圈小,能够“漂浮”在软流圈之上而长期存在。古老克拉通岩石圈地幔是在地球早期壳幔分异之后形成的,其形成可能与大洋板块的俯冲作用密切相关。典型的克拉通没有大规模的火山活动和大地震,因此,传统理论认为克拉通是稳定的。然而,越来越多的研究表明,克拉通并非一成不变,它会被改造和破坏,从而失去稳定性。造成克拉通破坏的原因是大洋板块的俯冲作用。在大洋板块俯冲触发的地球深部动力学过程中,克拉通赖以稳定存在的刚性岩石圈地幔遭受改造和破坏,岩石圈地幔的物质组成和物理化学性质发生转变,进而导致克拉通的破坏。     

诺敏火山群幔源包体的地质特征

本区地幔岩包体属上地幔橄榄岩，由橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、铬尖晶石组成。岩石类型为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩、尖晶石方辉橄榄岩。包体呈致密块状，它与寄主岩石（玄武质浮岩）的接触处往往有暗化边出现，暗化边自外向内地幔岩铁质增加，二者之间界线平滑而清晰。岩石具（粗粒）原生粒状结构，是弱应变相岩石的特征结构。     

塔里木板块东北部笔架山东基性-超基性岩体地球化学特征与岩石成因

笔架山东基性—超基性岩体位于塔里木板块东北部的新疆北山地区,是笔架山岩带中最东边的一个岩体,岩体形态为椭圆状,出露面积约5 km2.由含长单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉长岩、含橄辉长岩、辉长岩以及辉绿岩组成.含橄榄石较多的岩石属拉斑玄武岩系列,而辉长岩属钙碱性系列.岩相学、岩石化学和微量元素地球化学特征表明岩浆演化过程中经历了橄榄石、辉石、斜长石的分离结晶作用.Nd、Sr、Pb同位素组成和岩石地球化学特征反映出岩浆与围岩之间存在物质交换.笔架山东岩体的岩浆源区为OIB型地幔源区,原生岩浆为高镁拉斑玄武岩浆[w(MgO)=11.2％],这些性质与塔里木板块东北部其他基性-超基性岩体的特征相似,表明塔里木板块东北部二叠纪基性—超基性岩体的源区主要为OIB型地幔,可能与地幔柱有关.      

西伯利亚雅库特地区岩石圈地幔特征

西伯利亚克拉通是世界上典型的稳定克拉通之一。雅库特地区位于西伯利亚克拉通东北部,有大量的金伯利岩产出,也是世界上金刚石的重要产出地之一。前人研究表明该地区仅在年龄为360 Ma的金伯利岩中有金刚石的产出,而在年龄为160 Ma的金伯利岩中没有金刚石的产出,暗示着雅库特地区岩石圈地幔的性质在160~360 Ma之间可能发生了变化。总结并对比了雅库特地区不同时代喷发的金伯利岩中橄榄岩包体的岩石学、矿物学、地球化学及年代学特征,确定了该地区360 Ma与160Ma的岩石圈地幔在时代与厚度上有很大的不同。这一不同可能与西伯利亚克拉通1.9Ga碰撞拼合事件有关,而与西南部约250 Ma的超级地幔柱事件无关。     

山东金伯利岩的壳幔混染、部分熔融、Re—Os同位素年龄及冰盖冰川搬运、人造金刚石干扰等领域研究最新进展

根据山东蒙阴各类金伯利岩及其相关幔源捕掳体的化学成分,研究了金伯利岩壳源混染程度与岩石类型之间的关系。发现橄榄岩—碎裂状橄榄岩—粗斑金伯利岩—细粒金伯利岩之间,其壳源混染程度逐渐增高。粗斑金伯利岩的壳源混染程度接近碎裂状橄榄岩,表明粗斑金伯利岩是碎裂状橄榄岩的进一步碎裂的产物;金伯利岩经历了地幔橄榄岩的部分熔融形成碎裂状橄榄岩、斑状金伯利岩。根据金伯利岩中大理岩包体、黄铁矿的ReOs同位素研究,获得了蒙阴金伯利岩的侵位时间分别为227.97Ma和245.80Ma,属于三叠纪,与苏鲁大别造山带的形成时间一致,由此分析蒙阴金伯利岩的侵位与扬子板块和华北板块的碰撞有关,也似乎暗示了华北克拉通破坏的初始阶段。华北冰盖冰川对于金刚石的搬运方式、搬运路径与流水搬运之间存在巨大差异,需要对金刚石的供源与分散进行重新认识。地表大量分布的人造金刚石对金刚石的找矿工作已经造成干扰与误导,需要引起重视。     

新疆北部二叠纪基性岩墙群岩浆作用及其动力学背景

新疆北部西准噶尔、吐哈盆地、东天山、西天山以及塔里木东北缘广泛发育的二叠纪(260~290Ma)基性岩墙群与塔里木大火成岩省形成时代相近。基性岩墙群主量元素与MgO含量具有较好的相关性,富集Rb、Ba和Sr等大离子亲石元素以及轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素,无明显Eu异常,与岛弧岩浆特征相似。εNd(t)值为-11.25~7.86,初始N(87Sr)/N(86Sr)值为0.703~0.710。西天山基性岩墙群亏损轻稀土元素,塔里木东北缘亏损Sr。新疆北部二叠纪基性岩墙群岩浆可能起源于富集型软流圈地幔源区,岩浆演化过程中存在不同程度的地壳物质或俯冲交代岩石圈地幔的混染,其中西准噶尔、东天山、西天山和吐哈盆地岩墙经历了板片俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔混染,东天山及塔里木东北缘基性岩墙在岩浆演化过程中受到明显的地壳物质混染。新疆北部二叠纪基性岩墙群可能是地幔柱岩浆作用不同演化过程的产物。     

南岭中段(湖南段)上地幔-下地壳对燕山期成矿花岗岩的约束

地震波速不均衡性反映南岭中段(湖南段)处于裂谷构造环境。深源包体显示,其上地幔为二辉橄榄岩,下地壳为片麻岩、变粒岩、片岩、石英岩等混有幔源基性岩的中深变质程度的长英质沉积变质结晶基底。上地幔局部熔融前曾遭受过富挥发组分、富K流体的交代作用,形成富集地幔。受富集地幔局部熔融的控制和参与,在源于"岩石圈地幔-下地壳花岗质岩源"的燕山期成矿花岗岩浆沿深断裂上升过程中,含F酸性流体更易于同化混染,并萃取围岩中的金属元素,形成成矿物质多源性的富碱、尤其富K的钾质花岗岩,为成矿奠定了物质基础。     

桂东大瑶山地区加里东期基性岩的发现及地质意义

思泰岩体位于扬子地块与华夏地块拼合带的西南段,对剖析华南区域构造演化具有重要的地质意义。思泰岩体主要由辉长岩、辉长闪长岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U Pb年代学分析表明,辉长岩的侵位结晶时限为(445±1)Ma,属于加里东期岩浆活动产物。岩石具有高钾钙碱性特征;其铝饱和指数为0.95~1.99,属准铝质-过铝质岩石;岩石具有中等偏高的Mg#值(0.43~0.51)。锆石的_εHf(t)值主要集中在0.39~5.84之间,其一阶段模式年龄为1 181~855 Ma,暗示其源区主要为中-新元古代岩石圈地幔。综合地球化学、锆石Hf同位素组成特征及区域地质资料,认为思泰岩体是在陆内碰撞造山期后伴随岩石圈局部伸展-减薄,软流圈高温地幔物质上涌,从而导致中-新元古代岩石圈地幔物质的部分熔融,随后岩浆发生上升侵位固结成岩,在上升侵位的过程中受到少量的地壳物质的混染而形成。      

山东金刚石原生矿找矿前景探讨

金刚石形成于地幔深处,含金刚石的岩石只是一种运载和保存"工具",凡是来自上地幔的岩石均有可能携带早已形成的金刚石而形成金刚石原生矿床.世界上已知金刚石原生矿除金伯利岩、钾镁煌斑岩型外,尚在橄榄岩、橄榄玄武岩、千枚岩、科马提岩、榴辉岩等岩石中发现了金刚石,可能存在金刚石原生矿新的岩石类型.山东位于华北地台的南东部,鲁西、鲁东基底属A型克拉通,幔源岩浆活动强烈,具备良好的金刚石原生矿成矿地质条件,已获得的大量的成矿信息和找矿线索表明,除已发现的蒙阴金伯利岩型金刚石原生矿外,应该存在着尚未发现的金刚石原生矿,找矿前景广阔,应进一步加强金刚石原生矿勘查工作.     

Zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of Early Cretaceous granodiorite porphyries in Hutouya,western Shandong and their implications for petrogenesis

Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age and whole-rock geochemistry data are presented for the Hutouya granodiorite porphyries in Mengyin,western Shandong,to restrict its petrogenesis.The analyzed zircons exhibit oscillatory growth zoning and core-rim textures in the cathodoluminescence images and have high Th/U ratios( 0.04--1.66),indicating its magmatic origin.The youngest group of magmatic zircon yields weighted mean~(206)Pb/~(238) U age of 132 ± 2 Ma,which represents the forming age of the granodiorite porphyries,i.e.,the Early Cretaceous.The oldest group of magmatic zircon~(207)Pb/~(206) Pb ages ranges from 2 398 Ma to 2 370 Ma,yielding a weighted mean age of 2 389 ± 23 Ma,suggesting that the basement of the North China Craton should exist in the research area.Geochemically,the samples are characterized by high Si O_2( 70.38% and 64.87%),low Mg O( 0.60% and 1.53%) and Mg~#values( 42.92 and 50.42).Moreover,they show enrichment of light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements( e.g.Rb,Ba and K),depletion of heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements( e.g.Nb and Ta),positive anomaly of Pb,and negative anomaly of Ti.These results,together with previously published data,indicate that the Hutouya granodiorite porphyries were derived from partial melting of a delaminated lower continental crust and subsequent interaction with the mantle peridotites.They are consistent with the period of lithospheric thinning beneath the eastern North China Craton and may be formed in an extensional tectonic environment.     

Zircon U-Pb age,geochemical and Nd isotopic data of Middle Jurassic high-Mg dioritic dike in Liaodong Peninsula,NE China

Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age, geochemical and Nd isotopic data are presented for a newly recognized high-Mg dioritic dike from Haicheng, Liaodong Peninsula, NE China, to constrain its petrogenesis. The zircons from the high-Mg diorite exhibit striped absorption and oscillatory growth zoning in the cathodoluminescence （CL） images, and have high Th/U ratios （0. 05-0.9）, indicating a magma origin. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating indicates that 206pb/238U ages of 12 spots of zircons are between 167 Ma and 178 Ma, yielding a weighted mean 206pb/238U age of 172 ＋ 2 Ma （MSWD =4. 1 ）, which represents the forming age of the high-Mg dioritic dike, i. e. Middle Jurassic. Geochemically, the samples have SiO2 =55.4-60. 6 wt. % , Na20 =2. 2-2.76 wt. % , K20 = 1.32-2. 02 wt. % and （Na2O ＋ K2O） =3.82--4. 47 wt. %, belonging to sub-alkaline series and displaying a calc-alkaline evolutionary trend. They are characterized by high MgO （4. 75-6.85 wt. % ）, Mg# （55-61）, Cr（130-262 ppm）, Ni（63-130 ppm）, Sr（568-857 ppm）, and Ba（484-1 130 ppm） contents, with geochemical features analogous to those of high-Mg adakites. They show variable end （t） values （ - 1.3 to - 3.9） , with a weighted value of - 2. 7, which plot intermediately between the field of the ancient continental crust and the depleted mantle source, indicating that both the lower crust and mantle source are necessary for the generation of the parent magma of the Haicheng high-Mg diorites. The Haicheng high-Mg dioritic dike in the Liaodong Peninsula and the Jurassic magmatism in the eastern North China Craton formed under a continental crustal thickening setting that may be related to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic plate.     

岩石圈减薄与成矿关系的不均一性

结合实际工作中的体会,提出和讨论了"岩石圈减薄与成矿关系的不均一性"这一有意义的科学问题。岩石圈减薄导致岩石圈中分布不均一的金、钼、钨等成矿元素被消耗带出至地壳中成矿,是中国东部金、钼、钨大规模成矿的基本机制;华北地块岩石圈减薄对金、钼、钨大规模成矿的贡献时限始自构造转折开始时而终至岩浆富集地幔源向亏损地幔源转化期,即可能在163～136 Ma至117～80 Ma期间;岩石圈在时间和空间上的不均一减薄可能是地壳中不同类型的金、钼、钨等矿床和矿集区时空分布差异性的重要原因。     

Petrogenesis of Paleoproterozoic diorite porphyries in Luojiazhuang,western Shandong:constraints from LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry

Based on the study of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology and whole-rock geochemistry for the Luojiazhuang diorite porphyries in Menying,western Shandong,the analyzed zircons exhibit oscillatory growth zoning in the cathodoluminescence images and have high Th / U ratios( 0. 15--1. 53),indicating a magmatic origin. In addition,most of the zircons have narrow metamorphic edges,suggesting that late metamorphic events may exist. The youngest group of magmatic zircon207 Pb /206 Pb ages ranging from 2 384 Ma to 2234 Ma,yielding a weighted mean age of 2353 ± 14 Ma,which represents the forming age of the diorite porphyries,as the Early Paleoproterozoic. Geochemically,the samples are characterized by low SiO_2( 54. 54% and 55. 47%),high MgO( 5. 22% and 5. 49%) and Mg~#values( 58 and 59). Moreover,they show enrichment of light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements( Rb,Ba and K),depletion of heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements( Nb,Ta,Zr and Hf),positive anomaly of Pb,and negative anomaly of Ti. The fact implies that the Luojiazhuang diorite porphyries might derive from partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle and mixed with an amount of continental crust material. In summary,they may form in the compression tectonic setting that stretching along the east-west direction at the North China Craton in the Early Paleoproterozoic.     

Heterogenous zircons from Mesozoic igneous rocks in the North China Craton and their tectonic implications

Based on a synthesis of zircon inheritance from Mesozoic igneous rocks in the eastern portion of the North China Craton (NCC) , it is proposed that inherited zircons with Neoproterozoic ages identified from these rocks are of a heterogenous derivation from the Yangtze /South China block, rather than from the NCC itself. The mechanism that introduces these zircons incorporated into the NCC is likely by tectonic underplating during the Triassic continental subduction of the Yangtze block beneath the NCC. Tectonic addition of abundant crustal materials represented by the heterogenous zircons into the NCC, probably along Moho or weak interfaces within the NCC's crust, led to the crustal thickening in the NCC. These heterogenous materials, either as ( partial) source rocks or as contaminants of the magmas generated during an extension environment following the crustal thickening, were reworked and therefore have significant contribution to petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks. The crustal thickening resulted from the tectonic underplating, as indicated by the distribution extent of the heterogenous zircons, is spatially similar to that of the lithospheric thinning, with both mainly occurring in the eastern segment of the NCC. This is probably suggestive of an intrinsic relation between the thickening and thinning events during the Mesozoic evolution of the NCC.     

岩石圈结构成像方法的进展与展望

近年来,随着观测数据的增加、观测精度的提升、物理化学理论的不断完善以及计算机技术的显著提升,使得人们对岩石圈物理化学性质的认识发生了重大改变。介绍了目前关于岩石圈结构成像的相关方法以及它们的优缺点,并以华南地区4个具有代表性的区域(四川盆地、江南造山带、下扬子克拉通以及华夏块体)为例,利用地形、大地水准面、地表热流、地震面波频散曲线等观测资料,通过热动力学模拟和概率密度反演方法,给出了该地区岩石圈温度、化学组分结构。结果显示,华南块体东部岩石圈较薄,岩石圈地幔以饱满型橄榄岩为主,太平洋板块由东往西的平俯冲作用可能是华南东部岩石圈减薄的主要动力学机制。结合现今岩石圈结构的研究现状,提出了岩石圈结构成像存在的问题,并对未来岩石圈结构成像研究进行了展望。      

山东胶南威海造山带荣成岩套花岗质片麻岩的形成时代——锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年

胶南-威海造山带荣成岩套花岗质片麻岩由闪长质片麻岩-石英闪长质片麻岩-英云闪长质片麻-一奥长花岗质片麻岩-花岗闪长质片麻岩-黑云二长花岗质片麻岩-二长花岗质片麻岩类组成,早期为TTG质花岗岩,晚期为二长花岗岩类。自早到晚存在明显的富钾演化特征。根据新的SHRIMPU-Pb锆石定年结果,该岩套早期闪长质片麻岩年龄为（741±10）Ma,英云闪长质片麻岩年龄为780-760Ma。晚期二长花岗质片麻岩年龄为760-714Ma。所以,可把荣成岩套花岗岩时代限定在800-700Ma之间（南华纪）,其形成与华北克拉通岩石圈减薄有关。     

Chemical indexes of Paleoproterozoic sedimentary rocks from Liaohe Group,North China Craton:Implications for paleoclimate and provenance

Paleoproterozoic supracrustal materials have been widely identified in North China Craton, such as the Liaohe-, Hutuo-and Lyuliang groups. The Liaohe Group in the eastern part of the North China Craton is dominated by deformed and metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic successions. Compared with that of the coeval volcanic rocks, geochemistry of the sedimentary rocks from the Liaohe Group has rarely been studied in detail, which can possibly provide information on the paleoclimate and provenance. The authors analyzed the whole-rock and detrital zircon geochemistry of sedimentary rocks from the Liaohe Group against a uniform process and proposed their different ways of paleoweathering of the lower and upper formations. That is to say, although the lower and upper formations within the Liaohe Group might be derived from the similar source composition in a tectonically active setting, the paleoclimate that they experienced was not exactly the same. The predominant derivations are the Paleoproterozoic granitoids and basalts within the Liaohe Group, with minor input of Archean continental crust. This study highlights the contributions of the Paleoproterozoic mafic sources, which has been generally overlooked in the previous researches.