俄罗斯乌多坎砂岩型铜矿的成矿特征与找矿标志

乌多坎砂岩型铜矿是世界知名的超大型砂岩型铜矿之一。总结了该矿床形成的区域地质背景和矿床地质特征,建立了
乌多坎砂岩型铜矿的找矿模型与找矿标志,对比了乌多坎砂岩型铜矿床与世界主要著名砂岩型铜矿床的特征,分析了它们之间成
矿及赋矿的共同点。结果表明,世界著名的大型-超大型砂岩型铜矿均形成于后造山盆地或地台边缘的盆地(坳陷)中;矿体的规
模与形态取决于岩性-岩相条件;矿化类型均具有Cu-Ag矿化特征;均具有干旱的古气候条件及滨海相、三角洲相、海湾-泻湖相
的岩相-古地理环境。      

河南泌阳条山富铁矿床地质、地球物理特征及综合找矿模型

条山中型富铁矿床赋存于豫西南东秦岭二郎坪群地层内。矿区主要构造形迹为轴向NW-SE的条山背斜,褶皱内层
间滑脱面的张性空间控制了区内主要矿体的定位。矿区由2个矿带组成:A矿带位于背斜NE翼,以块状磁铁矿矿石为主;B矿带
位于背斜轴部偏NE翼,以条带状磁铁矿矿石为主。根据B矿带近矿围岩中的锆石和A矿带磁铁矿矿石中的磷灰石、锆石LAICP-
MSU-Pb同位素测年结果分析及区域对比,推测成矿物质应主要源于下古生界二郎坪群,后期区域变质作用、混合岩化作用
对富铁矿体的形成起着重要的改造富集作用。矿区各类岩(矿)石磁性差异大,地表矿体出露范围与正磁异常范围吻合较好,高精
度磁测数据2.5D反演结果基本能够反映矿体延伸。根据矿区地质、地球物理特征及矿床形成过程的综合分析构建了矿区综合找
矿模型。后期钻探工程见矿效果良好,表明构建的找矿模型对区内同类型矿床的找矿勘查工作具有重要参考意义。      

格陵兰岛中东部马尔姆杰格(Malmbjerg)斑岩型钼矿床研究进展

马尔姆杰格(Malmbjerg)斑岩型钼矿床位于格陵兰岛东岸古近纪火成岩省中,是靠近始新世沃纳布杰格(Werner
Bjerge)杂岩体中3个钼矿床中最大的一个。马尔姆杰格矿床钼金属储量约26万t,辉钼矿化呈细脉-网脉状分布于岩体及其围
岩中。与矿化有关的围岩蚀变有钾长石化、硅化、云英岩化、黄铁矿化等,具有斑岩型钼矿床的一些基本特点。矿床中辉钼矿Re-
Os年龄(25.8Ma)与黑云母花岗岩40Ar/39Ar年龄(25.7Ma)在误差范围内一致,表明辉钼矿矿化与花岗岩侵位是同时发生的,
均为古近纪产物,与冈底斯成矿带中新生代斑岩成矿系统晚碰撞期发育的矿床形成时代较接近。马尔姆杰格斑岩型钼矿床形成
于裂谷后期地壳抬升过程中该区最新的岩浆活动阶段,矿床外围及南部是重要的找矿远景区。      

新疆塔什库尔干地区塔阿西—塔吐鲁沟铁矿带控矿因素及找矿方向

从区域成矿地质背景和主要矿床地质入手,分析了铁矿的主要控矿因素,认为区内铁矿床受地层、褶皱构造和同生断裂
构造、岩相古地理等因素制约。地层和岩相古地理因素控制了整个矿带的展布和矿床的分布,褶皱构造和同生断裂构造控制了矿
体的形态和规模。锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb同位素测年及矿石和围岩稀土元素地球化学特征分析结果显示,老并矿区布伦阔勒群
内长英质片岩形成年龄晚于(532±3.9)Ma;区内铁矿床的矿石和赋矿围岩具有相似的稀土元素特征和变化曲线,总体具有轻稀土
富集、重稀土亏损、呈右倾斜型特征,表明二者的物质来源具有同源性。指出了古元古界布伦阔勒群第二岩性段地层、火山沉积盆
地边缘以及背斜转折端和向斜核部是区内铁矿今后找矿的重要方向。      

龙首山成矿带207铀矿床矿化特征和外围铀成矿潜力分析

207铀矿床位于甘肃省龙首山成矿带西部,区内地质构造复杂,岩浆活动强烈。矿区出露地层主要为古元古界龙首山群
(Pt1)和下石炭统南洼顶组(C1n);出露岩体主要为中条期伟晶状白岗岩,其副矿物特征具有华南改造型产铀花岗岩的特点。区域
构造线呈北西-南东向。207铀矿床具有“岩体型”矿化特征,含矿主岩伟晶状白岗岩发生全岩矿化,矿体多呈脉状、透镜状及不规
则状;矿石类型为蚀变花岗岩型。岩体、地层和构造是铀矿化的3个重要控制因素。岩体侵位于高铀含量的龙首山群,构造上处
于古老隆起区。岩体的铀含量和铀的浸出率高,Th/U值小于3,造岩矿物黑云母的多色晕异常显著,沿断裂带发育较强的黑云母
绿泥石化及赤铁矿化(红化)。岩体较低的稀土元素总量预示其有较强的成矿能力,ΣCe/ΣY比值低对铀成矿有利。岩石的化学
评价系数x=27,岩石化学组分十分有利于铀的成矿。根据矿床成矿地质背景、铀矿化特征、控矿因素及大量资料的综合分析和研
究认为,207矿床外围铀成矿潜力巨大、找矿前景广阔,在新一轮找矿工作中应引起高度重视。      

第二矿化富集带研究的若干认识

已知矿(集)区深部经过弱矿(无矿)间隔后新出现的矿化富集空间称之为第二矿化富集带。第二矿化富集带是一种相
对特殊的矿化垂向分带现象,对它的研究能为开展“矿下找矿”或“矿外找矿”提供一定的理论依据。控制第二矿化富集带形成的
因素主要有:控矿构造场的复杂变化、成矿系统温度场的改变、成矿系统流体场的演化、沉积建造中的多层位控矿作用等因素。第
二矿化富集带的研究要点是:首先判别研究区地史时期形成第二矿化富集带的可能性;其次对所研究的矿化富集带的保存条件进
行分析。      

伊朗松贡铜钼矿床研究新进展

松贡铜钼矿床位于伊朗西北部,是特提斯成矿域中的超大型斑岩型铜矿床之一。资料表明,松贡矿床矿石储量为
6.50亿t,其中含铜0.76%,钼0.01%。斑岩体呈岩株及岩墙状产出,铜钼矿化主要与花岗闪长斑岩有关,石英二长斑岩内也有少
部分矿化,在侵入体外围的碳酸盐岩中还有矽卡岩型矿化,松贡斑岩型铜钼矿床的成矿年龄约为20Ma。Cu矿化主要分布在钾化
带及部分绢英岩化带,以浸染状的形式出现在脉体及脉体晕中;在浅部,多数硫化物都被淋滤掉,铜蓝、辉铜矿及方辉铜矿等出现
在氧化带盖层下面。流体包裹体和稳定同位素(C、H、O、S)研究表明,与矿化有关的流体主要为岩浆水,后期有大气水加入(最多
占混合流体的20%)。      

内蒙古白音诺尔铅锌矿区三叠纪侵入岩体的发现及地质意义:锆石U-Pb年代学证据

白音诺尔铅锌矿位于大兴安岭南部晚古生代增生造山带,属大兴安岭南段主峰成矿亚带。矿区内,闪长玢岩呈脉状广
泛出露,且同铅锌矿体空间关系密切。闪长玢岩通常作为矿床的成矿岩体,并沿用171Ma的成岩年龄。矿床属于与燕山期中酸
性侵入岩有关的多金属成矿系列。该年龄值同矿区周围其他矿床成矿岩体的年龄(132.80~142.05Ma)差别较大。利用锆石
LA-ICP-MSU-Pb法对该矿区闪长玢岩和石英二长岩进行了测定,加权年龄分别为(242.3±3.6)Ma(MSWD =2.5,n=7)和
(243.0±1.4)Ma(MSWD=1.4,n=12),均为三叠纪构造岩浆活动的产物。研究结果表明,该区在三叠纪处于造山后的伸展构造
环境,深部岩浆上涌侵位,系列的构造岩浆活动伴随了以该矿床为例的少数三叠纪矿床的产出。      

北极圈及邻区重要矿产资源找矿勘查新进展

北极圈及邻区各类矿产资源十分丰富,是美国、加拿大和北欧诸国以及俄罗斯的重要矿产资源供给基地,其找矿勘查和
开发利用历来为国际矿业界所关注。受国际市场金属价格坚挺、气候变暖和基础设施改善等多种因素的影响,近几年来,有关国
家加大了这一地区找矿勘查和矿业开发投资力度,并且发现和圈定了一大批矿床。这些新发现矿床的开发利用必将为区域和全
球经济发展以及社会进步注入新的活力。对美国、加拿大和北欧诸国(含格陵兰岛)以及俄罗斯北极圈及邻区产出的主要矿床
(点)的空间分布特点和找矿潜力进行了讨论,对该区的找矿勘查和开发利用态势进行了总结,目的旨在进一步提高我国地质学家
对这一特殊地区矿产资源重要性的认知水平,进而为实施“两个市场、两种资源”的全球矿产资源战略构想提供科学依据。      

通道控制的岩浆型矿床:以加拿大沃伊西湾铜镍矿床为例

加拿大沃伊西湾铜镍矿床是20世纪末加拿大发现的最大矿床,而且近年还有新增储量的发现。该矿床储量不仅在世
界同类矿床中排在前几名,而且是岩浆通道模式最经典的矿床。岩体控制矿体,该基性侵入体位于加拿大拉布拉多半岛(Labrador)
北部中元古代奈恩深层岩套(Nainplutonicsuite)中,岩体主要由西帝普斯岩体和东帝普斯岩体组成,它们由一条隐伏的岩浆
通道所连接,矿体就位于岩浆通道中,形成典型岩浆通道成矿系统。岩浆通道的膨大部分形成了奥韦尔德矿床。对该矿成矿特征
及其成矿模式的总结,对于寻找与岩浆通道成矿有关的矿床具有指导意义。      

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

氟、氯、溴、碘等卤族元素与人体健康的关系

卤族元素是人体的必需元素,正常情况下成人摄入量不超过F4 mg/d、C11.7～5.1g/d、I 100～200μg/d;少年不超过F 3 mg/d,儿童I1μg/kg-d,婴儿Cl0.3～1.2 g/d.过量摄入或缺乏卤族元素,都可能导致疾病的发生.而F含量0.5～1.0mg/L、C1＜50mg/L、Br＞100μg/L、I 10～100μg/L的饮用地下水,有利于人体健康.     

Controlling mechanisms for the trace metals, (Cu,Zn, Cd,Fe, Co and Ni) in anoxic sea water in Saanich Inlet,British Columbia,Canada

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawater. Data on the concentration of these trace metals and H₂S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruises. Equilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and/or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S₄) ₂ ³⁻ and Cu(Sn₄S₅)³⁻, Zn(HS) ₂ ⁰ and ZnHS ₂ ⁻ , Cd(HS) ₂ ⁰ and Ni(HS) ₂ ⁰ , respectively. The solid species controlling Fe²⁺ and Co²⁺ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H₂S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new species of trace metals are still in the processes of reduction and precipitation. Contribution No. 1428 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

气、水、岩、生、人相互作用及其环境效应

这里所指示的大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈以及人类的作用千变万化,从而对人类的生存造成巨大影响,构成了一个复杂的生态环境,讨论这些问题,对人类生存至关重要。     

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION & POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE FRESHWATER CRAB SINOPOTAMON YANG TSEKIENSE BOTT, 1967, FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA

Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

石漠化的成因机理与防治对策

从石漠化的研究现状出发,依据我国西南岩溶石山地区石漠化特征,着重分析其主要控制介质为岩性、构造、地貌、气候、岩溶、地下水、植被等自然介质因子与森林砍伐、高坡开垦等人为介质因子.石漠化是以岩溶山区脆弱的岩溶生态环境为基础,以内、外地质作用和人类恶性生态地质作用为驱动力,以资源退化和恶化为本质,基岩不断裸露,生态环境不断恶化,周而复始的恶性循环过程.提出对石漠化的研究重点是成因机理研究,对石漠化的防治应着重于对石漠化的驱动力及其主导因子的防治,阐述了治山必须先治水等防治对策与建议.     

CONTROLLING MECHANISMS FOR THE TRACE METALS,(Cu,Zn, Cd, Fe, Co AND Ni) IN ANOXIC SEA WATER IN SAANICH INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawaler. Data on the concentrations of these trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruisesEquilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The" results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and /or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S4)23- and Cu(S4S5)3-, Zn(HS)20 and ZnHS2-, Cd(HS)20 and Ni(HS)20 respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2 + and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new s