Studies on the antitumor activity and isolation of the glycoprotein from the gonad ofChlamys (Azumapecten) farreri

After being degreased with acetone, the female gonad ofChlamys (Azumapecten) farreri was extracted with water, and then subjected to DEAE—cellulose column chromatography and purified by Sephadex G-100 chromatography to obtain a pure female gonad glycoprotein (FGGP). The IR spectra, electrophoresis and chemical analysis of FGGP indicated that it was a kind of acid glycoprotein and that the content of total protein and sugar were 54.8% and 40%, respectively. Pharmacological tests showed that FGGP could inhibit (inhibition rate of 40.87%) the growth of Sarcoma 180 of mice.     

Seasonal Variation of the Glycogen Enzyme Activity in Diploid and Triploid Pacific Oyster Gonad During Sexual Maturation

The glycogen content and the activities of two key enzymes in glycogen metabolism, glycogen phosphorylase and gly- cogen synthetase, in the gonad of diploid and triploid Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were compared during maturation. The glycogen content in the gonad of diploids decreased with gametogenesis (by 85.7%), but the glycogen content in the gonad of trip- loids did not vary significantly. Activity of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in the gonad of diploids decreased with gametogenesis (by 55.5%), while GP activity of triploids did not vary significantly during maturation. Activity of glycogen synthetase (GS) in the gonad of diploids increased slightly with gametogenesis, reaching a peak in June. Activity of GS declined sharply from June to July, which might be due to gonad spawning. GS activity of triploid oysters in spawning time (July and August) was significantly higher than that in other months, which might be explained with a ‘compensating’ mechanism for the higher glycogen content in triploids.     

不同天然饵料对凡纳滨对虾亲虾性腺发育的影响

分别以双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)、杜氏枪乌贼(Loligo duvaucelii)、近江牡蛎(Ostrea riuularis)及三者的混合饵料(1∶1∶1)培育凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)亲虾至性腺发育成熟,通过分析亲虾性腺发育时间、蜕壳间期、交配率、产卵量、变态率,确定培育亲虾的优质饵料。结果表明:投喂双齿围沙蚕或混合饵料的组与投喂杜氏枪乌贼、近江牡蛎组在产卵量、卵巢发育时间、蜕壳间期、交配率、孵化率、变态率方面具有显著差异(P<0.01)。投喂双齿围沙蚕或混合饵料的亲虾平均产卵量可达21.2×104粒/尾,卵巢平均发育时间为101 h,平均蜕壳间期为218 h,平均交配率可达80%,平均孵化率可达62.99%,平均变态率可达82.44%。表明在凡纳滨对虾亲虾培育的过程中,沙蚕单独或与其他天然饵料混合投喂,较乌贼、牡蛎单独投喂对亲虾性腺发育具有更好的促进效果。     

环沟格特哈(Katelysia rimularis)的生殖周期

周年采集环沟格特蛤（Katelysiarimularis）分别测定生长指标（总重、软体部重、性腺重、肝重和软体部干重等）并用组织切片观察性腺发育的状况，以确定性腺发育的周期和时间。组织的光镜研究说明环沟格特蛤雌雄性腺发育均可分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期。在厦门吴冠镇环沟格特蛤1月开始其性腺发育,3月进入生长期，5～6月成熟，5～11月都有产卵，每年7月11月各有一次排卵高峰期。     

Analysis of DNA Methylation Level by Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism in Half Smooth Tongue Sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis) Subjected to Salinity Stress

Increasingly arisen environmental constraints may contribute to heritable phenotypic variation including methylation changes,which can help the animals with development,growth and survival.In this study,we assessed the DNA methylation levels in three tissues(gonad,kidney and gill) of half smooth tongue sole under the salinity stress.The methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism(MSAP) technique was applied to illustrate the regulation of epigenetic mechanism in environmental stimuli.Fish were subjected to 15 salinity treatment for 7 and 60 days,respectively.A total of 11259 fragments were amplified with 8 pairs of selective primers.The levels of methylated DNA in different tissues of females and males without salinity stress were analyzed,which were 32.76% and 47.32% in gonad;38.13% and 37.69% in kidney;37.58% and 34.96% in gill,respectively.In addition,the significant difference was observed in gonad between females and males,indicating that discrepant regulation in gonadal development and differentiation may involve sex-related genes.Further analysis showed that total and hemi-methylation were significantly decreased under 15 salinity for 7 days,probably resulting in up-regulating salt-tolerance genes expression to adjust salt changing.With the adjustment for 60 days,total and hemi-methylation prominently went back to its normal levels to obtain equilibrium.Particularly,full methylation levels were steady along with salinity stress to maintain the stability of gene expression.Additionally,the data showed that gonads in females and gills in males were superior in adaptability.As a result,DNA methylation regulates tissue-specific epiloci,and may respond to salinity stress by regulating gene expression to maintain animal survival and activity.     

Analysis of DNA methylation level by methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism in half smooth tongue sole (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cynoglossus semilaevis</Emphasis>) subjected to salinity stress

Increasingly arisen environmental constraints may contribute to heritable phenotypic variation including methylation changes, which can help the animals with development, growth and survival. In this study, we assessed the DNA methylation levels in three tissues (gonad, kidney and gill) of half smooth tongue sole under the salinity stress. The methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) technique was applied to illustrate the regulation of epigenetic mechanism in environmental stimuli. Fish were subjected to 15 salinity treatment for 7 and 60 days, respectively. A total of 11259 fragments were amplified with 8 pairs of selective primers. The levels of methylated DNA in different tissues of females and males without salinity stress were analyzed, which were 32.76% and 47.32% in gonad; 38.13% and 37.69% in kidney; 37.58% and 34.96% in gill, respectively. In addition, the significant difference was observed in gonad between females and males, indicating that discrepant regulation in gonadal development and differentiation may involve sex-related genes. Further analysis showed that total and hemi-methylation were significantly decreased under 15 salinity for 7 days, probably resulting in up-regulating salt-tolerance genes expression to adjust salt changing. With the adjustment for 60 days, total and hemi-methylation prominently went back to its normal levels to obtain equilibrium. Particularly, full methylation levels were steady along with salinity stress to maintain the stability of gene expression. Additionally, the data showed that gonads in females and gills in males were superior in adaptability. As a result, DNA methylation regulates tissue- specific epiloci, and may respond to salinity stress by regulating gene expression to maintain animal survival and activity.     

PROMOTIVE EFFECT OF Se ON THE GROWTH AND ANTIOXIDATION OF A BLUE-GREEN ALGA SPIRULINA MAXIMA

ItwasreportedthatthegrOwthofthedrinediatomffelassforiraPsethenana(Hust.)HasleetHeiIndaldependedonSe(Priceetal.,1987).ThisreqUirementissPecificforSe;nootherelementscansubstituteforit,becauseSecaninduceglutathioneperoxidase(GSH-PoD)activityinthisdiatom(PriceandHarrison,l988),andinlow-CO2-grooCham~nasreinhandiiDangerad(Yokotaetal.,l988).ThisenZyInac-tivitywdetectedinextractsOfablue-greenalgaGleeoCaPasp.LB795(TotaandGallon,l979),andalsoincultUredhigherplancells(Drotaretal.,1985),butw…     

论元古界矿源层

本文依据众多已知的矿床实例,说明元古宙不仅是重要的成矿时代,而且成为显生宙成矿的重要矿源层。“元古界矿源层”的概念可以把成矿作用的演化与大陆壳的演化联系起来,指出大地构造背景与成矿作用形式的内在联系。作者还对元古界矿源层的形成给予了概略论述。作者指出,“元古界矿源层”概念将会开拓通过区域基底地球化学背景的研究,进行了有效成矿预测的新途径。     

EFFECTS OF CO-CULTURE AND SALINITY ON THE GROWTH AND AGAR YIELD OF GRACILARIA TENUISTIPITATA VAR LIUI ZHANG ET XIA

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ,ｃｏ ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ (ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ )ｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ (ａｌｇａｅａｎｄａｎｉｍａｌｓ)ｈａｓｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄｇｒｅａｔａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ .Ｉｎｃｏ ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｔｈｅａｌｇａｅａｃｔｉｖｅｌｙｕｐｔａｋｅＣＯ2 ａｎｄｔｈｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｃｗａｓｔｅｓ(ｓｕｃｈａｓＮＨ4 +,ＮＯ2 - ,ＮＯ3- ｅｔｃ)ａｓｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ,ａｎｄｒｅｌｅａｓｅＯ2 ｔｏｔｈｅｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｉｎｇｅｎｖｉｒｏｎ …     

珠母贝、亲贝人工促熟培育与催产的研究

从23 ~24℃开始,每4~5d升高水温1℃,终至26~27℃,并用亚心形扁藻(Platymonassubcordiformis)、三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylartriconrutum)及辅助饲料投喂培育,促进珠母贝[Pinctadamargaritifera(Linne) ]亲贝性腺发育成熟。用阴干刺激、异性产物刺激及浓扁藻液结合诱导,催产率达100%。     

Seasonal variation of biochemical components in clam (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Saxidomus purpuratus</Emphasis> Sowerby 1852) in relation to its reproductive cycle and the environmental condition of Sanggou Bay,China

Seasonal variation of biochemical components in clam (Saxidomus purpuratus Sowerby 1852) was investigated from March 2012 to February 2013 in relation to environmental condition of Sanggou Bay and the reproductive cycle of clam. According to the histological analysis, the reproductive cycle of S. purpuratus includes two distinctive phases: a total spent and inactive stage from November to January, and a gametogenesis stage, including ripeness and spawning, during the rest of the year. Gametes were generated at a low temperature (2.1°C) in February. Spawning took place once a year from June to October. The massive spawning occurred in August when the highest water temperature and chlorophyll a level could be observed. The key biochemical components (glycogen, protein and lipid) in five tissues (gonad, foot, mantle, siphon and adductor muscle) were analyzed. The glycogen content was high before gametogenesis, and decreased significantly during the gonad development in the gonad, mantle and foot of both females and males, suggesting that glycogen was an important energy source for gonad development. The protein and lipid contents increased in the ovary during the gonad development, demonstrating that they are the major organic components of oocytes. The lipid and protein contents decreased in the testis, implying that they can provide energy and material for spermatogenesis. The results also showed that protein stored in the mantle and foot could support the reproduction after the glycogen was depleted.     

马氏珠母贝的术前处理试验

本试验根据马氏珠母贝手术贝的不同生理状态，分别用控制海水流量、饵料等抑制贝的生殖腺发育，或促进生殖腺发育并诱导产卵排精的方法，对手术贝进行术前处理，结果表明：手术后休养期成活率平均为９２．９％，最高的达９５．３％；育珠期成活率平均为７５．３％。最高的一组达８５．３％；平均每个贝留核数１．０６粒，最高的达１．１７粒，同时珍珠质量明显提高。用术前处理方法，产量和产值可提高５２．３％。     

泗顶—古丹铅锌矿田铅同位素组成特征及其地质意义

笔者根据泗顶—古丹铅锌矿田矿石铅同位素组成特征,并结合矿田成矿地质背景,探讨其地质意义。研究结果表明:方铅矿的铅同位素组成特征随硫同位素组成特征和矿化场所的变化而变化,铅同位素组成模式年龄依矿田出现的地质事件可分两组(410—600Ma,180—260Ma),并可建立起二源线性混合方程,因此,成矿物质来源具两源性。故认为泗顶——古丹铝锌矿田的硫化物矿床,成矿物质来源于加里东运动褶皱基底轻微变质的寒武系和盖层泥盆系,含矿溶液是赋存于该两个地层中的地下水混合产物,即二源地下水混合成矿作用结果。     

THE RESUSPENSION RATE OF SEDIMENTS IN 32°N SECTION ON THE EAST CHINA SEA

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅ“ｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｅｆｆｅｃｔ”ｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｃａｒｂｏｎｄｉｏｘｉｄｅｉｎｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｓｉｇｎｉｆｉ ｃａｎｔｌｙａｆｆｅｃｔｓｔｈｅｇｌｏｂａｌａｖｅｒａｇｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ (Ｄｅｔｅｒ,1 978) ,ｈａｓｄｒａｗｎｔｈｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓａｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ .Ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｔｈａｔｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｏｆｔｈｅｏｃｅａｎ’ｓｃａｐａｃｉｔｙｔｏａｂｓｏｒ…     

Phenotypic correlations of somatic and gonad traits of sea urchins Glyptocidaris crenularis in two sampled periods: first insight into its breeding and aquaculture

Prior knowledge of the correlations among commercially important traits in Glyptocidaris crenularis can be used to guide development of breeding and aquaculture programs for this species. We evaluated the phenotypic correlations between somatic and gonadal traits in G. crenularis during two sample periods （October 2010 and April 2011）. The coefficients of variation （CV%） for body weight （BW）, redness （a＊）, yellowness （b＊）, gonad wet weight （GW）, and gonad index （GI） were 〉20% in both periods, while those of other traits were very low. GW was significantly correlated with somatic traits （diameter, height, and body weight） in both periods, although the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.473 to 0.636 （P〈0.01）. Gonad moisture content （GC）, a＊, and lightness （L＊） were not significantly correlated with somatic traits （P〉0.05）. The color trait b＊ was negatively correlated with somatic traits （test diameter, test height, and body weight） during the period when the gonads were well developed （April 2011, P〈0.05）. We observed little difference in the nature of the phenotypic correlations between the two sample periods. The high variation in the somatic and gonad weight traits in G. crenularis suggests there is considerable potential for selective breeding. However, our results suggest that gonad quality traits cannot be selected indirectly by selecting for body weight. Our study provides an insight into the method for improving the breeding and aquaculture of G. crenulari.     

加强矿产区域分布规律研究促进山东非金属矿开发利用

加强矿产区域分布规律研究促进山东非金属矿开发利用艾宪森（山东省地质矿产局）《山东地质》自创刊以来，先后编辑出版了５部专辑。这个专辑－《山东非金属矿含矿建造专辑》是专门讨论山东省非金属矿地质问题的。其旨在介绍山东丰富的非金属矿产资源区域展布概貌，以促进...     

鄂尔多斯地台南缘的叠层石生物层研究

鄂尔多斯地台南缘断续出露上元古界青白口系皇坪组,其上部为叠层石白云岩,叠层石大都已硅化,呈树枝状,有原地生长的,也有倒卧的,厚30～40m,为叠层石生物层。它们大致沿东西向构造线呈带状分布,延展近60km,其底部为角砾岩,角砾成分主要为燧石,其次为白云岩,燧石大都为薄板状。角砾为杂基支撑,定向排列,具粒序层理,系叠层石生物层崩塌而成的碎屑流。     

治岭头金银矿床的成矿时代

治岭头金银矿床是产于浙西南元古界变质地体内的含金韧性剪切带型大型矿床。翔实的宏观地质调查，相关地质体的角闪石、锆石和矿石矿物、矿石石英包裹体液体的４０Ａｒ３９Ａｒ法、Ｕ－Ｐｂ法、Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线法等同位素测年，取得可靠的成矿年代学资料。地质体的相互穿切、包容关系和同位素年龄资料表明，成矿是长期累进式演化、积累的结果，而形成工业矿体的主矿化阶段为燕山早期。     

鲫鲤杂交一代（F_1）自交的受精细胞学观察

采用人工催产、波恩氏液固定、石蜡切片和Ｈ·Ｅ染色等方法，研究了杂交一代（Ｆ１）自交的受精细胞学过程。结果表明，鲫鲤杂交一代自交时有正常的受精细胞学过程。受精后，卵子完成第二次成熟分裂，排出第二极体；１５ｍｉｎ，雌雄性原核形成，２０ｍｉｎ，两性原核完全融合，形成二倍体的合子，４０ｍｉｎ，开始进行卵裂；１ｈ，两个分裂球出现，本实验为Ｆ２代是二倍体提供了证据。     

THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SPATIAL ORGANZATIONAL STRUCTURES ON THE PROVINCIAL BORDER－REGIONS OF CHINA

郭荣星ＴＨＥＥＣＯＮＯＭＩＣＩＭＰＡＣＴＯＦＳＰＡＴＩＡＬＯＲＧＡＮＺＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＰＲＯＶＩＮＣＩＡＬＢＯＲＤＥＲ－ＲＥＧＩＯＮＳＯＦＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＧｕｏＲｏｎｇｘｉｎｇ（ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｓａｎｄＴｒａｄ...