太行山南麓邵原至王屋地区第四纪冰川遗迹述要

太行山南麓邵原至王屋地区有无第四纪冰川遗迹存在,聚讼已久。我们到该区考察,从古冰川的发生、发展和消亡的全过程这个角度出发,对山外的第四纪堆积物结构、构造全貌进行了认真详细的观察和研究,并与山里相关的若干侵蚀地形综合进行了考察。认为邵原至王屋地区的红色泥质砂砾石层即是冰碛,其前缘的红色砂砾石即是冰水沉积,与山外这些堆积物遥相呼应的山里,那些残破不堪的侵蚀地形即是冰槽谷和冰窑。故这次冰期我们暂定为“邵原冰期”。此外,在这次冰期之前和其后还有若干冰川形迹显示,此须今后进行调查研究压定。     

中国东北第四纪冰川研究新进展:遗迹厘定、新发现与冰期模式

东北是否发育第四纪冰川及其范围、性质与冰期问题,始终没有定论。在对长白山及大兴安岭冰川遗迹厘定基础上,进行了专项调查,并采用地理信息系统(GIS)、遥感(RS)及全球定位系统(GPS)的3S技术,采取钻探测图、孢粉、泥砾粒度与渗透性分析及14C定年等方法,在长白山及大兴安岭发现了冰蚀谷及泥砾堆积等新的冰川遗迹,进一步肯定了两座山地第四纪冰川的存在及其多期性。在小兴安岭首次发现冰蚀岩墙等冰川遗迹,填补了研究空白,证明小兴安岭也曾发育第四纪冰川。综合多种信息,确定长白山与大兴安岭分别有4次冰期和3次间冰期,小兴安岭至少有1次冰期。最后构建了可以与国际对比的冰期序列,重建了区域第四纪冰川环境演化模式:早更新世早期冷干,中晚期偏暖湿;中更新世早期冷湿,中晚期暖湿;晚更新世早期冷稍湿,中期暖湿,晚期冷干。     

泰山地区第四纪冰川探讨

简述了泰山地区的地质背景概况,对比分析了国内外学者的研究成果、理论及分歧原因,实地考察了泰山地区角峰、刃脊等冰川地貌,并取样品进行热释光年龄分析显示其年代为(30.54±2.59)kaB.P.,相当于末次冰期主冰期中的Paudorf-Stillfried间冰阶时段。并从地貌特征与遥感数字2个方面分析研究,发现了一些冰川遗迹的信息,为泰山地区第四纪冰川研究提供了一定的佐证。     

中国东部末次冰期雪线高程重建与成冰气候分析

在蒙山第四纪冰川遗迹与光释光测年研究的基础上,结合以往我国东部猛犸象化石出土位置、孢粉数据库、以及雪线高程的研究成果,首次对我国东部末次冰期时的雪线高程进行了恢复重建,并绘制了我国东部及东亚地区雪线高程图,在此基础上对我国东部蒙山冰期时的气候特征进行了探讨,认为我国东部冰期时的北路寒潮形成的"东亚冷槽",是我国东部第四纪山谷冰川的表现形式及形成原因。     

西宁的黄土研究

根据古地磁、磁化率、粒度和重矿物分析及电镜扫描石英砂表面特征等测试手段的综合研究,西宁地区的黄土可分出从S_0至L_(17)的连续黄土——古土壤序列。它包括全新世黄土、马兰黄土、离石黄土和午城黄土,形成的时间为1.2MaB·P.。黄土粒度粗,且含有两个风成细砂分层。重矿物以不透明矿物、角闪石为主,次为绿泥石、锆石和金红石等。石英砂颗粒以次棱角状为主,其次为棱角状。石英砂表面机械结构中有众多的冰川作用痕迹和风力作用痕迹。本区黄土主要来源于青藏高原第四纪局部冰盖、冰川及其外围广大冰缘地区所产生的粉砂物质。西宁大墩岭黄土剖面详细地记录了1.2MaB·P.的环境变化信息。其中1.1MaB·P.形成的L_(15)顶部的细砂分层代表1.2Ma以来最为干冷的严酷时期。L_1和L_2是末次冰期和倒数第二次冰期的产物。倒数第二次冰期比末次冰期更为干冷,极盛时期为0.155MaB·P.。S_1S_3和S_4可能代表1.2Ma以来本区最为温暖湿润的时期。     

辽宁的大理冰期

迄今为止,省内发现披毛犀(Coelodontaantiquitatis,Blumenbach)、猛犸象(Mammu-thus Primigenius Blumenbach)化石埋藏地点近20处。披毛犀、猛犸象是40 000—12 000年前大理冰期全北区和古北区披毛犀—猛犸象动物群的典型分子,省内产有该二分子的冰碛、冰水积物的地层,无疑是大理冰期冰川活动的产物。大理冰期的确定,对辽宁第四纪冰期的划分、更新世晚期地层的划分与对比、古地理古气候的恢复,乃至哺乳动物的迁徙、演化等均有非常重要的意义。     

泰山南坡沉积物特征及第四纪冰缘环境探讨

针对泰山第四纪冰川有无的争议,在泰山南坡采集沉积物样品进行分析研究。孢粉分析结果显示优势植物种群为"松属+中华卷柏+蒿属+藜科",指示的沉积环境为湿冷环境。扫描电镜观察石英颗粒表面,显示出边缘棱角清晰、具贝壳状断口和解理片的冰川环境特征。通过热释光测试得样品年龄为(30.54±2.59)kaB.P.,相当于末次冰期主冰期中的Paudorf-Stillfried间冰阶。根据泰山现代气候环境推演泰山古气候温度和降水量,得出泰山地区在末次冰期时具备了形成冰川的基本气候条件。鉴于Paudorf-Stillfried间冰阶持续的时间较短,因此初步推断该沉积物指示的古气候环境为冰缘环境。     

浙江第四纪冰川存在与否引起争鸣

自上世纪三十年代以来,包括浙江省在内的我国东部地区,在距今约200-300万年前的第四纪更新世时期,“是否经历过极度湿冷的冰期、发生过冰川活动?”一直受到学术界关注,并已形成对立两派的学术争论。近年来,有关浙江省境内发现“冰臼群”、“冰川漂砾”、“冰石河”、     

西南太平洋第四纪晚期古海洋研究进展

深海大洋钻探计划(DeepSeaDrillingProject,简称DSDP)、国际大洋钻探计划(OceanDrillingProgram,简称ODP)、国
际海洋全球变化研究计划(InternationalMarineGlobalChangesStudies,简称IMAGES)等在西南太平洋地区的开展,使西南太平
洋晚第四纪古海洋学的研究取得了迅速发展并成为古海洋学研究的热点所在。西南太平洋在中更新世气候转型方面主要表现为
在此期间深层西边界洋流强度较弱以及冰期-间冰期旋回周期从40ka向100ka的过渡。至于西南太平洋在冰期-间冰期旋回
方面主要表现为各海洋锋有规律的迁移,即间冰期阶段向南迁移,冰期阶段向北迁移,但有时锋的位置会受到水深的影响,特别是
查塔姆海隆及新西兰东南岸外的亚热带锋和坎贝尔高原处的亚南极锋。还探讨了西南太平洋所代表的南半球气候与北半球气候
的密切联系,并指出南半球气候波动领先于北半球。      

山东蒙山全新世冰川遗迹的发现及确认——来自宇生核素年龄证据

针对山东蒙山发育的第四纪冰川遗迹,采用光释光的测年方法,获得了8.2ka冰期年龄值,以此为基础建立了拦马冰期,属于全新世早期。为了能够获得其他测年成果的相互验证,该次研究采用了宇生核素的测年方法,获得了3个年龄值:7.01ka,8.57ka,9.95ka,均属于全新世早期,与光释光方法获得的年龄值具有较高的一致性。在海拔752m的清荣峡谷内的冰碛表面,获得了5.27ka的全新世中期的年龄,对应冰碛建立了清荣冰期。通过该项研究,结合蒙山冰川遗迹的特征及其风化程度,反映了冰川遗迹、测年数据与环境气候之间的吻合性,综合确认了我国东部全新世早期拦马冰期、全新世中期清荣冰期的存在,也证明了全新世,在山东蒙山及我国东部中低山区受到东亚冷槽的影响,曾经存在冰川作用。     

Current Vegetation Pattern along Glacial Landscape in Central （Garhwal） Himalaya, India

Introduction High mountain ecosystems are comparatively thrilling and sensitive at least at the upper elevation levels, and are determined by abiotic climate related ecological factors. Therefore, the ecosystems at the low temperature limits of plant life are generally considered to be particularly sensitive to climate changes (Koerner 1999). As temperature is a key factor for high mountain plants (Koerner and Larcher 1988, Gottfried et al. 1998), an upward migration of species must be conse…     

A new high-resolution Late Glacial-Holocene climatic record from eastern Nanling Mountains in South China

A 350-cm-long sediment core sequence from Dahu Swamp situated in the eastern Nanling Mountains was selected for high-resolution paleoclimatic reconstruction since the Late Glacial period. The multi-proxy records of this paper reveal several evidently dry and cold events that may coincide with the Oldest Dryas, the Older Dryas, the Younger Dryas in the late deglacial period. Two relatively wetter and warmer phases occurred in ca. 15,000–14,400 cal yr B.P. and 13,500–12,800 cal yr B.P. respectively may correspond to the Bølling and Allerød warming events. The Younger Dryas event (ca. 12,800–11,500 cal yr B.P.) revealed by multi-proxies was characterized by relatively colder and drier climate. A warmer and wetter climate, occurred in ca. 10,000–6000 cal yr B.P., was consistent with the Holocene Optimum, which coincided with the maximum Northern Hemisphere insolation. The “8.2kyr cool event” and even the “8.8kyr cool event” were indicated as well from our sediment core. A dry mid-Holocene period (ca. 6000–3000 cal yr B.P.) indicated by multi-proxies does not follow the traditional concept of the wet mid-Holocene conditions observed in other regions in China.     

The Glacial（MIS 3-2） Outlet Glacier of the Marsyandi Nadi- icestream-network with its Ngadi Khola Tributary Glacier（Manaslu- and Lamjung Himalaya）：The Reconstructed Lowering of the Marsyandi Nadi Ice Stream Tongue down in to the Southern Himalaya Foreland

For the reconstruction of past climate variations,investigations on the history of glaciers are necessary.In the Himalaya,investigations like these have a rather short tradition in comparison with other mountains on earth.At the same time,this area on the southern margin of Tibet is of special interest because of the question as to the monsoon-influence that is connected with the climate-development.Anyhow,the climate of High Asia is of global importance.Here for the further and regionally intensifying answer to this question,a glacial glacier reconstruction is submitted from the CentralHimalaya,more exactly from the Manaslu-massif.Going on down-valley from the glacial-historical investigations of 1977 in the upper Marsyandi Khola(Nadi) and the partly already published results of field campaigns in the middle Marsyandi Khola and the Damodar- and Manaslu Himal in the years 1995,2000,2004 and 2007,new geomorphological and geological field- and laboratory data are introduced here from the Ngadi(Nadi) Khola and the lower Marsyandi Nadi from the inflow of the Ngadi(Nadi) Khola down to the southern mountain foreland.There has existed a connected ice-stream-network drained down to the south by a 2,100-2,200 m thick and 120 km long Marsyandi Nadi main valley glacier.At a height of the valley bottom of c.1,000 m a.s.l.the Ngadi Khola glacier joined the still c.1,300 m thick Marsyandi parent glacier from the Himalchuli-massif(Nadi(Ngadi) Chuli) – the south spur of the Manaslu Himal.From here the united glacier tongue flowed down about a further 44 km to the south up to c.400 m a.s.l.(27°57'38 "N/84°24'56" E) into the Himalaya fore-chains and thus reached one of or the lowest past ice margin position of the Himalayas.The glacial(LGP(Last glacial period),LGM(Last glacial maximum) Würm,Stage 0,MIS 3-2) climatic snowline(ELA = equilibrium line altitude) has run at 3,900 to 4,000 m a.s.l.and thus c.1,500 altitude meters below the current ELA(Stage XII) at 5,400-5,500 m a.s.l.The reconstructed,maximum lowering of the climatic snowline(ΔELA = depression of the equilibrium line altitude) about 1,500 m corresponds at a gradient of 0.6°C per 100 altitude meters to a High Glacial decrease in temperature of 9°C(0.6 × 15 = 9).At that time the Tibetan inland ice has caused a stable cold high,so that no summer monsoon can have existed there.Accordingly,during the LGP the precipitation was reduced,so that the cooling must have come to more than only 9°C.     

Heavy mineral stratigraphy of sediments from the southern outer shelf of the East China Sea since the last glaciation using fuzzy C-means cluster method

Correspondence analysis and fuzzy C-means cluster methods were used to divide the stratigraphy of heavy mineral assemblages,and the sediment sources and depositional dynamics of the environment reconstructed.The assemblages were taken from marine sediments from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene in Core Q43 situated on the outer shelf of the East China Sea.Based on the variable boundaries of the mineral assemblage at 63 and 228 cmbsf (cm below sea floor),the core might have previously been divided into th...     

Ice-wedge Pseudomorphs Showing Climatic Change Since the Late Pleistocene in the Source Area of the Yellow River, Northeast Tibet

Introduction The Tibetan Plateau, located in west China, was uplifted during the Cenozoic and became the most youthful plateau in the world. Some researches have also shown that it started to develop into the cryosphere in the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene and became one of the three global cryospheres (two other cryospheres being the Artic and the Antarctic) (SHI et al. 1996). Because of the cryosphere development in the Tibetan Plateau, many periglacial and permafrost geomorpholog…