成都市蔬菜外运的气象条件分析

本文分析了造成成都市蔬菜外运损耗的原因,并利用逐步回归法建立了青芹外运损耗率与沿途气象条件之间关系的数学模型,对车厢内青芹的热负荷和需冰量进行了计算,计算结果为成都市蔬菜安全外运的车厢内需冰量及利用沿途气象条件来减少损耗提供了科学依据。     

成都市空气质量预报中WRF的本地化参数选取

为更准确的研究气象因素对成都市空气质量的影响,需要进一步提高天气预报模式WRF的模拟效果。设定16种天气预报模式WRF中尺度数值模式的参数化方案与气象信息综合分析处理系统(MICAPs)的气象实测数据进行地表温度(T2m)和海平面气压(Psl)及高空温度的比对,通过统计学方法进行结果评估,选取适用于成都市本地化的天气预报模式WRF参数方案。结果表明:第15组参数化方案模拟结果与气象信息综合分析处理系统(MICAPs)气象实测数据的对比分析效果表现最佳,是为成都市空气质量预报中天气预报模式WRF的最优参数设置,第11组次之。     

成都市火灾发生的气象原因相关分析

统计了成都市1950—1996年火灾发生次数的时空分布特征，并探讨气象因素对年、月火灾总次数的影响，为建立火险潜势预报模型提供基础研究。     

利用塑料大棚缓解成都市蔬菜生产春淡的可行性分析

对成都市蔬菜生产春淡的气候原因及塑料大棚内小气候特征进行分析,选取六种补淡蔬菜,利用平行比较法和模糊聚类法,讨论了棚内栽培季节,为缓解成都蔬菜生产春淡的可行性作科学论证提供了依据。     

成都市热岛强度主要气象影响因子的灰色关联度分析

本文在研究成都市热岛强度时空分布特征基础上,用灰色理论研究其主要的气象影响因子,得出了定性的规律,为今后定量研究提供依据。     

成都城市区域小气候时空变化特征分析

利用成都市12个自动站的气象资料,分析了成都市区域小气候及其变化特征.研究表明,成都城市热岛现象并非出现在城市中心区,而是北部和东部工业区,其平均气温相对较高,降水量偏多;南部文化区平均气温最低,风速最大;西部旅游居家区气温年变化最小,且有冬暖夏凉的特征,降水量偏少;城市中心区风速最小.     

成都市PM_(2.5)浓度时空变化特征及影响因子分析

近年来,空气质量问题日渐突出,大气污染已严重影响了人们的身体健康和日常生活。为了探究成都市近年来的大气污染状况,分析大气颗粒物浓度的时空变化特征及其控制性因子,本文利用2016年成都市逐小时PM_(2.5)监测数据,分析成都市PM_(2.5)浓度时空变化特征,探索气象因子与城市空间形态因子(建筑错落度)对PM_(2.5)浓度变化的影响。结果表明:(1)成都市PM_(2.5)浓度的日变化特征表现为城市中心具有"单峰单谷"特征,而城市郊区日变化特征不明显。且城市中心PM_(2.5)浓度空间变化特征整体表现为由西北向东南逐渐减小的趋势。(2)从全年来看,成都市PM_(2.5)浓度与气温和风速均呈显著负相关,与海平面气压呈显著正相关,而与相对湿度的相关性不明显。(3)PM_(2.5)浓度日间变化率与城市空间形态因子的相关性较强,建筑错落度越高,PM_(2.5)浓度下降越快。     

“东亚大气环流国际学术讨论会”在成都气象学院召开

4月10至15日,由中国科学院大气物理所和兰州高原大气物理所主持的“东亚大气环流国际学术讨论会”在成都气象学院召开。四川省人民政府副省长、国内外著名生物力学专家、成都科技大学教授康振黄同志,四川省委宣传部副部长韩邦彦同志,省高教局副局长卢铁成同志,成都市副市长刘家忠同志出席了会议开幕式。参加会议的有近100名中外气象学者,其中有日本气象学会常务理事,东京大学浅井富雄教授及筑波大学吉野正敏教授为首的     

地市级气象现代化建设的基本思路与实例

建设气象综合信息服务系统是实现气象业务现代化和气象服务产业化的必然趋势。本文通过攀枝花市气象业务及综合信息产品服务系统总体设计与实践，对地市级气象业务服务建设的若干问题进行了归纳分析，从信息工程理论出发，结合实际，提出了系统建设的基本思路     

塑料大棚小气候开发利用及气象服务探讨

根据大量资料分析和实地考察,对我国塑料大棚小气候开发利用进行了综述,并对蔬菜大棚气象服务进行探讨,为塑料大棚应用于农业产业化,取得更好经济效益,提供参考。     

广饶县蔬菜基地生态地质环境研究

为了解广饶县蔬菜基地生态地质环境质量,通过对水、土环境质量现状进行调查,重点研究了四大蔬菜基地的生态地质环境特征,结果表明四大蔬菜基地生态环境质量相对较好,蔬菜质量也达到无公害标准。发现在花官乡及稻庄镇存在土壤硒元素富集区,大蒜及芹菜中硒元素含量也较高,对引导当地绿色高效生态农业发展具有重大意义。     

彭州市山区引种蔬菜的农业气候分析

运用农业气候相似的原理，对彭州市平坝种植的蔬菜向山区引种进行了农业气候分析，其结果对开发山区农业气候资源和二线蔬菜基地的建设具有重要意义     

Simultaneous quantification of greenhouse gas and nitric oxide emissions from subtropical conventional vegetable systems: a 2-site field case study in Sichuan Basin

Quantification of greenhouse gases[nitrous oxide(N₂O)and methane(CH₄)]and nitric oxide(NO)emissions from subtropical conventional vegetable systems through multi-site field measurements are needed to obtain accurate regional and global estimates.N2 O,NO and CH4 emissions from subtropical conventional vegetable systems were simultaneously measured at two different sites with hilly topography in the Sichuan basin,southwest China by using the static chamber gas chromatography technique.Results showed that annual soil N₂O and NO fluxes for the treatment receiving N fertilizer ranged from 6.34-7.71 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1 and 0.69-0.85 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1,respectively,while decreased soil CH4 uptakes by 26.4%as compared with no N fertilizer addition across our two sites of experiment.Overall,the average direct N2 O and NO emission factor(EFd)were 0.71%and 0.12%,respectively,which were both lower than the available EFd for subtropical conventional vegetable systems.This finding indicates that current regional and global estimates of N₂O and NO emissions from vegetable fields are likely overestimated.Background N₂O emissions(3.42-3.62 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1)from the subtropical conventional vegetable systems were relatively high as compared with available field measurements worldwide,suggesting that background N₂O emissions cannot be ignored for regional estimate of N₂O emissions in subtropical region.Nevertheless,the significantly intra-and inter-annual variations in N₂O,CH₄ and NO emissions were also observed in the present study,which could be explained by temporal variations of environmental variables(i.e.soil temperature and moisture).The differences in N₂O and NO EFd and CH₄emissions between various vegetable systems in particular under subtropical conditions should be taken into account when compiling regional or global inventories and proposing mitigation practices.     

Cultivation Ages Effect on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Greenhouse Soils

The intensive management practices in greenhouse production may alter the soil physicochemical properties and contribute to the accumulation of heavy metals (HMs). To determine the HM concentrations in vegetable soil in relation to soil physicochemical properties and cultivation age, we conducted a soil survey for typical greenhouse soils in Shouguang, China. The results indicated that Cd is a major HM pollutant in the tested soils, as the only HM element exceeding the allowed limit for vegetable soil. The surveyed data was analyzed with regression analysis, correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). A positive correlation is observed between HM pollution level and cultivation age. CCA results suggest that the HM pollution level and distribution in soil are significantly affected by soil physicochemical properties, which was a function of years of cultivation as revealed by regression analysis. In summary, cultivation age is an important factor to affect soil physicochemical properties (organic matter and inorganic nutrients) as well as HM contamination.     

寿光市蔬菜品质与农业地质背景关系

根据寿光市蔬菜种植区种植特征，采用对部分茄果类蔬菜、水、土的样品抽样测试、数理统计、相关分析等方法，得出蔬菜的品质与农业地质背景存在一定的相关性，以及土壤有选择蔬菜品种性，蔬菜在品质上有选择农业地质条件性的结论。     

Effects of alga polysaccharide capsule shells on in-vivo bioavailability and disintegration

Gelatin has been used in hard capsule shells for more than a century, and some shortcomings have appeared, such as high moisture content and risk of transmitting diseases of animal origin to people. Based on available studies regarding gelatin and vegetable shells, we developed a new type of algal polysaccharide capsule (APPC) shells. To test whether our products can replace commercial gelatin shells, we measured in-vivo plasma concentration of 12 selected volunteers with a model drug, ibuprofen, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), by calculating the relative bioavailability of APPC and Qualicaps referenced to gelatin capsules and assessing bioequivalence of the three types of shells, and calculated pharmacokinetic parameters with the software DAS 2.0 (China). The results show that APPC shells possess bioequivalence with Qualicaps and gelatin shells. Moreover, the disintegration behavior of four types of shells (APPC, Vegcaps , Qualicaps and gelatin shells) with the content of lactose and radioactive element (99mTc) was observed via gamma-scintigraphic images. The bioavailability and gamma-scintigraphic studies showed that APPC was not statistically different from other vegetable and gelatin capsule shells with respect to in-vivo behavior. Hence, it can be concluded that APPCs are exchangeable with other vegetable and gelatin shells.     

Investigating the Effects of Greenhouse Vegetable Cultivation on Soil Fertility in Lhasa,Tibetan Plateau

The area of land utilized for growing vegetables in greenhouses has expanded rapidly on the Tibetan Plateau over recent decades. However, the effects of greenhouses on soil fertility as well as variations in these effects between the plateau and plain remain unclear on the Tibetan Plateau. This study assessed the effects of vegetable greenhouses in the vicinity of Lhasa, using open field soil as a control. A total of 92 plough layer(0-20 cm depth) soil samples including 54 from greenhouses and 38 from open fields were taken, and soil pH, electrical conductivity(EC), total soluble salt(TS), soil organic matter(SOM), total nitrogen(TN), available phosphorus(AP), and available potassium(AK) were measured. The results reveal that, soil pH was lower 1.0 units in greenhouses than that in open field. TS was higher 82% and AP was higher 160% overall. Similarly, SOM and TN were higher 32% and 46%, respectively, while AK changed slightly at a higher 1% rate. Results also show that soil properties varied depending on cultivation time and vegetable types. Overall, pH continuously decreased with cultivation time while other soil fertility indicators reached a maximum value after nine years of cultivation before starting to decrease. The effect of leafy vegetable planting on soil was slight overall, while the impact of fruits on soil was more serious. Compared with changes in plain greenhouse soil fertility measured across the eastern China, the effects of greenhouses on soil in Lhasa remain relatively limited; and the change in the degree of soil fertility was lower and the extreme values of soil fertility occurred later in Lhasa.     

Effect of agricultural land use changes on soil nutrient use efficiency in an agricultural area,Beijing, China

Agricultural land use and management practices may affect soil properties,which play a critical role in sustaining crop production.Since the late 1970s,several new agricultural land use types had been introduced in the rural areas of China.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of these land use changes on the soil properties,nu-trient absorption rate,and nutrient use economic efficiency ratio in an agricultural area of Beijing.Specifically,the cropland,the orchard and the vegetable field were examined.Results of this study suggest that land use and farming management practices significantly affect the content of soil organic carbon (SOC),total nitrogen (TN),total phos-phorus (TP),and available phosphorus in the surface layer of 0-25 cm (p<0.05) in the Yanqing Basin,northwestern Beijing.Soil nutrients in each agricultural land use type decrease rapidly with the increasing soil depth.Orchard and vegetable field tend to have higher soil nutrients than the cropland does.However,the soil nutrient-absorption rate (NAR) of the orchard and vegetable field is lower than that of the cropland,even though orchard and vegetable field may provide much higher economic benefit.While increasing SOC,TN,and TP in the orchard and vegetable field by intensive farming may be a valuable option to improve soil quality,potential increase in the risk of nutrient loss,or agricultural non-point source pollution can be a tradeoff if the intensive practices are not managed appropriately.     

广西小平阳岩溶区地裂缝形成因素分析

８０年代以来，广西小平阳岩溶区出现了大量的地裂缝。通过调查研究．这些地裂缝的形成是受多种因素控制的．其中包括构造、土体性质、水的作用、地形地貌、气候及植被等因素。在上述因素中．构造是主导因素，上体性质是基础因素．其它则为诱发因素，也是因地质环境要素变化所引起的因素。主导因素是通过诱发因素起作用的．并最终通过土体性质因素导致产土地裂缝。