成矿预测中ArcGIS ModelBuilder的建模评价——以武夷山成矿带大深幅为试验区

为实现数字化、智能化、自动化成矿远景预测评价,提出以证据权法、信息量法等数据驱动结合知识驱动,利用ArcGIS空间分析建模实现地质变量筛选、构置,并得到图层表示的找矿地质模型与相应的量化模型。通过对变量特征、量化方法及GIS单元划分与赋值等的分析,以规则网格、等价的中心点分别为基本单元,以及重要性法、中心点法、面积法识别变量,经ArcGIS空间分析建模实现"0,1"法赋值。同时用多维空间线性映射的定量模型,以克服地质变量不等价、不独立对评价结果的影响,以武夷山成矿带1:5万大深幅为实验区,应用ArcGIS ModelBuilder方法,对该区铁、铜、铅锌成矿远景进行预测评价,圈定远景区12处,其中,A类3处、B类3处、C类6处,与信息量法、证据权法的预测结果基本一致。     

基于GIS的人工神经网络矿产预测系统设计及应用

利用地理信息系统(GIS)和人工神经网络(ANN)相结合，研究了基于GIS的人工神经网络矿产预测系统设计方案，实现了从地质变量优选到人工神经网络成矿预测结果图形显示的计算机自动化处理。在凤凰山矿田的应用显示，预测结果与现有矿床十分吻合，是矿产预测的有效方法。     

基于GIS的矿产资源预测进展

地理信息系统(GIS)是伴随现代计算机技术而发展起来的.本文总结了GIS在现代矿产资源预测中的优势、现代成矿理论的发展、基于GIS的矿产预测工作流程以及基于GIS的矿产资源预测方法和成功应用,指出了在学科交叉渗透背景下,GIS和矿产资源预测结合将越来越密切.     

应用GIS技术进行成矿预测的基本步骤及主要内容

在成矿预测中应用GIS,就是采用计算机技术和GIS系统 ,对已有各类矿产地质资料进行全方位的综合性分析与对比 ,研究成矿规律 ,圈定有利的找矿地带 ,进行成矿预测。本文根据近几年的工作经验 ,主要从应用者角度阐述成矿预测中应用GIS的基本步骤和主要内容。     

基于GIS和USLE的东圳库区土壤侵蚀量预测研究

运用GIS、遥感技术与USLE模型相结合预测东圳库区流域土壤侵蚀量,利用GIS平台建立东圳库区基础地理数据库,以10×10m为栅格单元对库区进行离散化,在GIS空间分析功能支持下,结合USLE土壤侵蚀预测模型,根据合适的USLE因子算法生成栅格图层,通过图层运算,预测了东圳库区土壤侵蚀量,进而标识库区土壤侵蚀严重区域,为库区非点源污染控制及水土流失治理提供定量依据,并通过建立实用的泥沙输移比模型结合水文监测数据,对预测结果进行验证。根据USLE方程,采用改进后的SDR方程,预测的渡里流域年输沙量与流域实际监测得到的年输沙量仅相差14.08%,说明本文采用USLE方程模拟流域土壤侵蚀结果可信,可定量评价、拟定水土保持措施方案。     

基于深度学习的钨钼找矿靶区预测方法研究

随着矿产勘查工作由浅部矿向深部隐伏矿、由易识别矿向难识别矿发展,找矿难度日益增大,地质专家越来越重视新理论、新方法、新技术的应用。深度学习作为人工智能的前沿领域/技术,对于实现矿产资源预测“智能化预测评价”具有得天独厚的优势。本文以陕西省镇安县西部钨钼矿集区单元素化探异常原始数据为基础,提出了基于深度学习的钨钼矿产评价方法。该方法以归一化地球化学数据作为模型训练数据,通过深度学习中深度自编码网络方法实现异常值提取进而识别重点成矿有利地段,实现矿产资源找矿远景区定性预测。研究结果表明,在对957条单元素化探异常原始数据分类且做好模型标签后,整个过程在计算机的“黑盒子”中自动完成学习和预测,相较于传统预测研究方法,本文方法具有自动化程度高和客观性强的特征。此外,本文利用已知矿点构建训练数据集,采用随机森林方法对预测区进行矿产资源找矿靶区预测圈定,为进一步缩小找矿靶区范围提供科学依据。     

建设项目压覆矿业权及矿产地应用研究与系统实现

针对矿政管理工作中的需要,研究设计建设项目压覆矿业权及矿产地应用系统,以Arc GIS作为GIS的开发平台,Oracle作为数据库,运用GIS空间分析功能,对收集的山东省探矿权、采矿权、矿产地、遥感、基础地理等数据资料,配准整合和数据整理后的数据进行分析研究,使这些数据在"一张图"上显示,实现数据的对比研究分析。通过统一数据标准、统一发布服务,实现矿产数据的共享应用。该系统为矿政的综合管理提供了公共基础平台,解决了矿政管理工作中数据独立,无法协同提供服务的难题。     

特征分析法在豫西南金矿预测中的应用

应用特征分析方法进行找矿预测,可以充分地利用各种找矿信息,达到降低找矿风险之目的。本次预测以豫西南部分地区的遥感、重磁、化探及地质共51个信息中选出10个具有找矿意义的信息,用研究区17个有矿单元和13个无矿单元建立了特征分析预测模型,该模型对已知有矿单元回报结果,有矿单元的关联值与单元中已知金矿规模呈正比,且符合线性关系。工作结果共提出10个一级远景区。已在273号和11号单元见矿,找矿前景良好。实践证明用特征分析法进行金矿预测是行之有效的。     

群组目标空间方向关系建模

已有的空间方向关系描述模型大都针对空间单个目标,对于群组目标空间方向关系计算模型却鲜有研究和论著。为此,提出适用于群组目标空间方向关系的定性描述与定量计算模型。首先,群组目标空间方向关系定性描述模型利用带约束的Delaunay三角剖分与动态阈值“剥皮”法求得了源目标群分布边界多边形;然后,以方向关系矩阵模型为依据对其方向关系进行了定性描述与建模;其次,运用数学形态变换理论对参考目标群进行“膨胀”,求解“膨胀”后的参考目标群与源目标群的交集;最后,在此基础上结合地学信息图谱相关理论实现了群组目标空间方向关系的定量计算与建模。实验表明,群组目标空间方向关系定性描述模型较好地顾及了群组目标的空间形态对空间方向关系的影响,能够对空间方向关系做出较为准确的定性判断;群组目标空间方向关系定量计算模型实现了群组目标空间方向关系的精确定量描述,且能够以形象直观的方式对群组目标空间方向关系进行可视化表达。2种模型较好地解决了群组目标空间方向关系的描述与计算问题。     

矿产预测中的不确定性评估方法与应用——以广西大瑶山矿区为例

由于矿床类型的多样性,矿床成因的复杂性,控矿因素的隐蔽性和找矿信息的多解性,成矿预测结果具有不确定性,并常常因人而异[1]。矿产预测评价是由多个阶段组成的复杂系统工程,每个环节都会产生不确定性,并且不确定性还会传播积累,致使技术评价的不确定性,最终会导致经济评价的不确定性。在找矿难度越来越大,矿业经济风险越来越突出的今天,对矿产预测评价中的不确定性加强认识,并尝试研究富有成效的不确定性评估方法已日显重要,它也是从根本上改进现行矿产预测评价方法的出路之一。本文先对矿产预测评价的特点作了简要说明,对技术评价的不确定性作了系统总结,并基于模糊集值统计的不确定性信息处理方法,提出了矿产预测中不确定性的一般评估方法,最后,以广西大瑶山西侧铜、铅、锌矿的预测评价为背景,对不确定性的评估方法作了应用分析。     

Synthetic information prediction system for crisis mine based on GIS

Reserves of some kinds of the crisis mines will be lack now or from now on, because of lacking seriously reserves of mineral resources and the crisis of exploring bases in support. So that it is urgent to predict, appraise, development and utilize the replaceable resources of the crisis mines. The mineral resources prediction software system of synthetic information is intelligent GIS which is used to quantitative prediction of large-scale synthetic information mineral target. It takes the geological body and the mineral resource body as a unit. And it analyzes the ore deposit genesis and metallotect, knows the spatial distribution laws of the ore deposit and ore body, and establish the prospecting modelbased on the concept of establishing the three-dimensional space of a mine. This paper will primarily discuss some important problems as follows： the secondary development of various kinds of data（ including geology, geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting and remote sensing, etc）; process synthetically and establish the synthetic information interpretative map base; correspond prospecting model with synthetic information of ore deposit; divided into statistical units of metallogenic information synthetic anomalies based on the synthetic information anomalies of ore control, then research the metallogenic information variable of unit synthetically and make quantitative prediction according to choose the quantitative prediction math model which is suitable to the demands of large-scale precision; at last, finish the target area optimization of ore deposit （body）.     

Synthetic information prediction system for crisis mine based on GIS

Reserves of some kinds of the crisis mines will be lack now or from now on, because of lacking seriously reserves of mineral resources and the crisis of exploring bases in support. So that it is urgent to predict, appraise, development and utilize the replaceable resources of the crisis mines. The mineral resources prediction software system of synthetic information is intelligent GIS which is used to quantitative prediction of large-scale synthetic information mineral target. It takes the geological body and the mineral resource body as a unit. And it analyzes the ore deposit genesis and metallotect, knows the spatial distribution laws of the ore deposit and ore body, and establish the prospecting model based on the concept of establishing the three-dimensional space of a mine. This paper will primarily discuss some important problems as follows: the secondary development of various kinds of data(including geology, geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting and remote sensing, etc); process synthetically and establish the synthetic information interpretative map base; correspond prospecting model with synthetic information of ore deposit; divided into statistical units of metallogenic information synthetic anomalies based on the synthetic information anomalies of ore control, then research the metallogenic information variable of unit synthetically and make quantitative prediction according to choose the quantitative prediction math model which is suitable to the demands of large-scale precision; at last, finish the target area optimization of ore deposit (body).     

GIS在中国旅游资源研究与应用中的现状及趋势

随着现代信息技术的不断发展,GIS在旅游研究与应用愈来愈深入。目前,GIS已经广泛的应用到旅游资源研究中,尤其在旅游资源空间分类、评价、旅游规划、旅游资源管理、旅游开发利用等方面取得了较大的进展。首先,本文综述了近些年来GIS在旅游资源研究中的文献资料,研究发现GIS空间分析理论与方法在旅游资源研究与开发中的应用较为广泛,但在旅游资源认知、分类及评价等方面仍存在一些尚未解决的问题。其次,在总结前人和课题组研究成果的基础上,对旅游资源认知、分类与标准化理论进行了相关论述。通过梳理GIS建模技术与空间分析方法在旅游资源信息提取与分析、旅游资源评价、旅游资源开发规划等相关研究成果中发现,旅游资源研究方法已从定性描述走向定量模型,应用成果不断增多,涉及综合评价、空间结构优化、空间布局与选址、空间发展趋势预测、空间利用规划等方面。最后,提出了未来在旅游资源知识模型、旅游资源图谱、旅游资源多维仿真以及旅游资源大数据等方面的相关展望。     

Spatial disparity and efficiency of science and technology resources in China

In the knowledge economy era,science and technology(S&T) resources are getting more and more important in shaping regional competiveness and building regional innovation capacity.As such,the spatial distribution of S&T resources is a key to understanding regional development and disparities.By designing an input-output indicator system,this paper develops an evaluation model to examine the spatial distribution of S&T resources in China and assess their spatial efficiency.Moreover,the paper tries to explain spatial differences in the efficiency of S&T resources in China.Major findings are:1) the input and output of S&T resources in China shows a clear T-shaped spatial structure,i.e.,concentrated mainly in the coastal region and along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River;2) the efficiency of S&T resources in China displays strong spatial disparities,with the level of efficiency descending from the east to the west while high efficiency appearing in only several clusters;3) the utilization rates of S&T resources in most provinces are quite low,resulting in low efficiency of S&T resources allocation.The paper suggests that the utilization rate of S&T resources should be raised and the commercialization of S&T outputs should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of S&T resources in China.     

水资源空间分布模型及GIS分析应用

随着社会生产力的持续发展,人类活动范围不断拓宽,不可避免地影响着流域自然水循环过程。因此,在对流域水资源状况进行定量描述时,必须综合考虑自然、人文二元要素的影响。本文选取了近年来水资源短缺和水环境恶化问题严重的京津冀地区为研究对象。根据区内的自然条件和社会发展情况,选取了对水资源空间分布有明显影响的因素。其中距河流远近因素体现了对水资源的开发利用能力;坡度因素代表了土壤的持水能力,对径流和地下水有影响;而土地利用类型因素反映了土壤下垫面的水文特性。通过AHP方法确定上述影响因素的权重,建立水资源空间分布测算模型。根据模型将按流域单元统计的水资源总量数据展布到公里格网上,得到了水资源空间分布结果。最后,通过对空间化水资源数据的分析,剖析了当地的水资源状况,结合"一轴三带"的规划分区思想,对如何进行区域水资源可持续开发利用提出了参考意见。     

水资源空间优化配置的群智能算法改进与仿真

本文尝试用群智能算法中的Pareto蚁群算法(PACA)求解复杂的水资源空间优化配置问题。首先,建立了以社会、经济和生态综合效益最大的目标函数,以水质、需水和供水为约束条件的水资源空间优化配置模型,并采用局部信息素强度限制,全局信息素动态更新等策略,对PACA进行改进,使蚂蚁向信息素浓度大的优化边界移动,以提高PACA的全局搜索能力和收敛速度。本文以河南省镇平县为仿真对象,借助RS和GIS,利用改进的PACA求解水资源空间优化配置模型,得到地表水、地下水、外调水的最优配置方案和最佳经济、社会、生态效益方案。通过对PACA性能指标的分析,以及对PACA改进前后解的寻优对比,表明了PACA经过改进后能有效地求解多目标、大规模的水资源空间优化配置模型,提高了寻优性能、收敛速度和全局搜索能力。     

基于DDYGISS平台的政务信息资源空间化的实现与应用

“数字化东营”地理信息共享系统(DDYGISS)是集“3S”技术(GIS、GPS、RS)、对象关系数据库技术、Internet技术、分布式组件技术等为一体的WebGIS服务平台,是面向资源集合、共享、应用服务的开发平台和运行平台。本文提出了在DDYGISS平台上进行了二次开发实现了GIS和政务资源系统的高度集成,从而使单调的政务资源信息(如经济指标、人才、招投标信息等)可视化与空间化,效果很好。     

Evolution stages of oasis economy and its dependence on natural resources in Tarim River Basin

This paper examines spatio-temporal characteristics of an oasis economy and its relationship with water and mineral resources in the Turim River Basin from 1965 to 2005. A spatial autocorrelation model, the center of gravity model, and index system of the regional central city are used to probe the evolution laws of spatial structure of oasis economy. The study finds that: 1) The economic centre of gravity, whose variation track during this period follows linear rote law, was moving from headstream to middle reaches of the Tarim River. 2) Positive spatial autocorrelation which showed a waving and ascending trend of regional economy was significant and the neighbor effect of regional economic growth was strengthened continuously. 3) The regional economic centre was located in Hotan City before 1980, moved to Aksu City during the 1980s and to Korla City after 1990. We conclude that above all, during the recent four decades the evolution of the oasis economy in this region has gone through three stages: a traditional agriculture stage (before 1980), oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage (1980-1990) and oasis energy industry stage (after 1990). Furthermore, the dependence degree of the oasis economy on natural resources in different stages are studied by using dominance index, regression model, and grey relation method, which shows that an oasis economy highly depends on water resources in the oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage while it depends more on mineral resources such as oil and natural gas during the oasis energy industry stage.     

新疆土地耕作适宜性的多自然地理要素评价方法

新疆维吾尔族自治区地处中国西北边陲,研究该区宜耕土地资源的空间分布,对促进其土地资源合理开发,确保国家耕地安全和粮食安全具有重大现实意义。本文基于多源自然地理要素,对新疆土地资源的耕作适宜性进行GIS多级评价。首先,选取地形、气候、土壤和生态4要素共10个宜耕因子,采用综合指数法与极限条件法相结合的评价方法,构建了新疆宜耕土地资源评价模型;然后,将模型结果与基于地貌数据获得的宜耕区域叠加对比,确定对模型结果的分级标准,得到新疆宜耕土地资源的数量、质量及空间分布格局;最后,利用2000、2005和2013年3期土地利用数据,验证了模型的合理性和科学性,同时,通过统计分析找出模型中需进一步完善之处。     

THE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE TOURISM RESOURCES IN JILIN PROVINCE

This paper comprehensively evaluates and analyzes the tourism resources in Jilin Province,China.And it consists of three parts.The first two parts are on the resources evaluation and analysis.Based on the results of evaluation about the structural and spatial distribution of the tourism resources,it is found that ,the natural resources play fundamen-tal roles in Jilin,while the human and cultural resources are important complementary parts as well .In the spatial distribu-tion analysis,the resources show the characteristic of “six clusters“and “three belts “spatial relations.Four clusters are centered on the cities,which are Changchum,Jilin,Baicheng,Tonghua and Jiˊan;one cluster is around the Changbai Moutains and one cluster nears the frontier at Tumen between China,Russia and P.D.R.Korea.And the three belts are;1)The west belt.It contains Xianghai and Momoge natural protection region.The evident of this zone is its ecologi-cal and ethical tourism resources.2)The middle belt characterized by urban traveling and recreation,including Jilin and Changchum,together with their nearby Nongˊan and Siping.3)The last belt is also the most important one,which is the east zone.It covers the Changbai Mountains,the golden triangles of Tonghua and the Tumen River.This zone is remark-able for its abundant natural landscapes and unique folk-customs.In the last part the concept planning is briefly construct-ed for the tourism resources in Jilin Province according to the above evaluation and analysis.