珠海地区凡纳滨对虾淡水养殖池浮游植物群落的演替

对珠海凡纳滨对虾淡水养殖池塘浮游植物及其理化因子进行了调查和分析．结果表明：调查中共检出浮游植物143种．优势种主要有林氏藻、螺旋鱼腥藻、小颤藻、微囊藻和点状平裂藻等．物种多样性指数在0．24～2．77之间．优势度与多样性指数呈显著的负相关．相关系数r=-0．984；而均匀度与多样性指数呈显著的正相关．相关系数r=0．967．养殖后期优势度不高。浮游植物的密度及化学因子的浓度到后期都有所上升．藻类密度的剧烈变化会引起氨氮和硫化氢含量的变化；藻类密度的波动滞后于无机氮的波动。群落演替具有突发性、时间短、速度快等特点。     

珠海地区凡纳滨对虾淡水养殖池浮游植物群落的演替

对珠海凡纳滨对虾淡水养殖池塘浮游植物及其理化因子进行了调查和分析,结果表明:调查中共检出浮游植物143种,优势种主要有林氏藻、螺旋鱼腥藻、小颤藻、微囊藻和点状平裂藻等,物种多样性指数在0.24~2.77之间,优势度与多样性指数呈显著的负相关,相关系数r=-0.984;而均匀度与多样性指数呈显著的正相关,相关系数r=0.967,养殖后期优势度不高,浮游植物的密度及化学因子的浓度到后期都有所上升,藻类密度的剧烈变化会引起氨氮和硫化氢含量的变化;藻类密度的波动滞后于无机氮的波动,群落演替具有突发性、时间短、速度快等特点。     

流沙湾浮游生物的群落结构与时空分布

于2008年3月至2009年2月对流沙湾浮游生物的群落结构及其动态变化特征进行了研究,结果表明,流沙湾共有浮游植物27属,隶属于5个门,其中硅藻门20属,绿藻门3属,蓝藻门2属,金藻门1属,甲藻门1属,角毛藻(Chaetoceros)、骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.)为优势种;浮游植物生物量变化在0.11～23.63 mg L-1之间,平均为3.72 mg L-1,细胞密度平均为1.324 7×104个L-1。流沙湾共有浮游动物19种,其中原生动物10种,桡足类6种,枝角类、多毛类和轮虫类各1种,优势种类为原生动物中的拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis)、薄铃虫(Leprotintinnus),桡足类中的哲水蚤(Calanus),浮游幼体中的无节幼体(Nauplius);浮游动物生物量在0.08～7.24 mg L-1之间,平均为2.04 mg L-1,密度平均为8 186个L-1。水体交换能力差、大规模贝类养殖以及养殖造成的水体污染等因素,导致流沙湾浮游生物量、物种多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数均处于较低水平,但有明显的水平分布和月变化。     

大连地区仿刺参养殖池塘浮游植物种类组成季节演替和生物量的周年变化

通过周年取样、种类鉴定和生物量统计分析,对黄海北部大连地区仿刺参养殖池塘浮游植物种类组成的季节演替和生物量周年变化进行了研究。结果表明:该地区仿刺参养殖池塘中浮游藻类组成依次为硅藻门、蓝藻门、绿藻门和甲藻门,硅藻门和绿藻门作为池塘主要优势种全年均有分布;实验池塘浮游藻类年平均生物量为20.91 mg/L,各池塘浮游植物生物量季节变化趋势相同,最大生物量出现于8月初,为46.18 mg/L,最小生物量出现在2月,为2.26 mg/L。分析表明,浮游植物生物量与水温、透明度成极显著的相关性,并受硝酸氮、磷酸盐、硅酸盐及硝酸氮与磷酸盐的交互作用影响。     

虾池微藻定向培育及其对养殖环境因子的影响

采用微藻三级扩大培养技术,将在对虾养殖池选育的波吉卵囊藻Oocysits borgei引入凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeusvannamei高位养殖池,并检测养殖环境中微藻群落结构、水质因子、对虾抗病力相关因子、对虾生长情况,研究了以微藻生态调控为主的对虾防病技术。结果表明:养殖前、中、后期,波吉卵囊藻平均生物量占浮游植物总生物量分别为98.02%、78.89%和45.12%,成为虾池中的绝对优势种;作为优势种的持续时间长达77 d。波吉卵囊藻为主的微藻群落控制的水质较稳定,实验池氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度较对照池低。对虾的血细胞数、溶菌(LSZ)活力、抗菌活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和酚氧化酶(PO)均显著高于对照池(P<0.05);血清蛋白含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。实验池对虾生长速度显著高于对照池(P<0.05)。可见,通过微藻的定向培育方法来优化虾池微藻群落结构,可改善养殖环境。     

2种养殖模式下凡纳滨对虾池塘水质理化因子的变化特征

2016年4月23日至7月12日对地膜精养及普通土池模式下凡纳滨对虾池塘水体的主要理化因子进行跟踪监测,研究不同养殖模式对水质变化的影响。结果表明,2种养殖模式下池塘水体的p H和DO均随养殖时间的延长逐渐下降,地膜池与普通土池相比p H无统计学意义(P>0.05),但30 d起地膜池DO含量高于土池(P<0.05);地膜池和土池的COD、氨氮、亚硝酸盐和磷酸盐的含量总体上均呈上升趋势,但土池亚硝酸盐含量在养殖后期(70~90 d)迅速下降。     

微生物在水产养殖中的应用

我国的水产养殖业在近几年来取得了很大的成就 ,养殖的品种已由一般品种向名特优品种过渡 ,养殖方式也由粗放向精养、半精养过渡 ,但养殖生产基本上仍然沿袭以往的静水、不排污的池塘养殖为主 ,养殖对象的活动、摄食、排泄都在同一池塘中进行。由于大多数为高密度单一品种养殖 ,切断了自然生态体系的食物链循环 ,养殖对象的残剩饲料、排泄物、死亡残体等大量有机物失去了被其他生物利用的机会 ,养殖水体自身污染日益严重 ;同时受到水体外源性污染的影响 ,养殖水域环境质量日益下降。这不仅直接危害养殖对象 ,而且也是疾病频繁发生的主要诱因…     

2018年春季福建近海浮游植物群落结构变化

【目的】研究2018年春季福建近海浮游植物群落结构变化。【方法】分别于2018年4月和5月对福建近海进行综合性调查,分析福建近海春季赤潮原因种的演替、浮游植物分布情况和群落结构变化。【结果与结论】2018年4-5月,福建附近海域从中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻双相赤潮变为东海原甲藻单一赤潮,赤潮数量级10~6～10~7cells/L;赤潮附近海域的浮游植物多样性指数较低;表中层细胞丰度变化差异大,底层丰度变化差异小。浮游植物优势种群由硅藻为主向甲藻为主演替。     

小东江茂名段浮游生物及污染状况分析

2007年7月对茂名市小东江的浮游生物及污染状况进行调查和分析,结果共检出浮游植物122种,其中蓝藻门15属34种,占(总种类数,下同)27.9%,硅藻门16属26种,占21.3%,绿藻门29属52种,占42.6%,裸藻门3属6种,占4.9%,金藻门1属1种,占0.8%,黄藻门3属3种,占2.5%;浮游动物78种,其中原生动物门26属36种,占46.2%,轮虫动物门9属16种,占20.5%,节肢动物门枝角类8属14种,占17.9%,桡足类10属11种,占14.1%,水生昆虫1属1种,占1.3%。各调查断面浮游植物的种类数平均为37种,细胞密度在11.3×104~19.5×104/L,Ⅴ断面最高,Ⅰ断面最低,平均为14.4×104/L;浮游动物种类数平均为27种,密度平均为2 895/L。相邻断面间Jaccard种类相似性指数范围为0.13~0.23,各断面环境异质性相差较大,该季节河水流动性小。叶绿素a含量为19.9~45.3μg/L,它与细胞密度呈显著的正相关,与无机氮、无机磷和COD均不存在明显的相关性。各断面的浮游植物多样性指数为3.1~4.5,均匀度为0.62~0.85;浮游动物的多样性指数为2.7~3.9,均匀度我0.59~0.80。对βm-αm指示种种类组成和群落结构分析,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ断面水质属生态中污类型,而Ⅰ断面属生态寡污类型。以国家地表水质量标准评判,各断面COD含量为Ⅰ类水;无机氮含量除Ⅰ断面外,其他断面均为Ⅲ类水;无机磷含量均优于Ⅱ类水;石油类除Ⅰ、Ⅱ断面为Ⅳ类水外,其他断面均为Ⅴ类水。单因子污染指数分析表明,小东江流域水质为中污染至重污染之间。     

潮上带斑节对虾高产养殖试验

１９９０年在潮上带３ｍ的大梅沙养殖场选２８口共１０９００２．４ｍ２虾池进行斑节对虾高产养殖试验。采用提水式供水、虾池小型化、投苗高密度，配备增氧机，精心管养。试验结果获得总产６９５７７．３ｋｇ，平均０．６４ｋｇ／ｍ２，最高１．０１ｋｇ／ｍ２。潮上带提水式高密度精养斑节对虾，具备条件是确实可行的。     

虾池浮游微藻的种类组成、数量和多样性变动

报道了在集约化养虾中应用有益微生物制剂对虾池浮游微藻的影响,分析了整个养虾周期浮游微藻的种类组成、生物量、优势种及多样性指数的周期变化情况。结果表明,早期虾池浮游微藻细胞数量维持在1×103~3×103mL-1的水平,养殖中期开始呈指数增长状态,后期达到顶峰,并维持在70×103~160×103mL-1的水平,生物量比自然海区高。优势种类明显,前期为中肋骨条藻和伏氏海毛藻等硅藻类,后期则为绿球藻和栅列藻等绿藻类,水色及藻相呈良好状态,而不施加芽孢杆菌制剂的对照池则在后期出现较大比例的有害的蓝藻。虾池藻类多样性指数、均匀度指数和种类丰度均呈现前期高后期低的趋势,而优势度指数则相反,呈现前期低后期高的趋势。浮游植物的多样性指数为0.60~3.80,平均为1.88,均匀度指数为0.14~0.83,平均为0.45;种类丰度为0.80~2.46,平均为1.38;优势度指数在0.17~0.85,平均为0.41。多样性指数和均匀度均比粤东海域低,但优势度则甚高。     

Seasonal change of ice algal and phytoplankton assemblages in the Nella Fjord near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica

The ice algal and phytoplankton assemblages were studied from Nella Fjord near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica from April 12 to December 30, 1992. Algal blooms occurred about 3 cm thick on the bottom of sea ice in late April and mid November to early December respectively, and a phytoplankton bloom appeared in the underlying surface water in mid December following the spring ice algal bloom. The biomass in ice bottom was 1 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of surface water. Amphiprora kjellmanii, Berkeleya sp., Navicula glaciei, Nitzschia barkelyi, N. cylindrus /N. curta, N. lecointei and Nitzschia sp. were common in the sea ice temporarily or throughout the study period. The biomass in a certain ice segment was decreased gradually and the dominant species were usually succeeded as the season went on. Nitzschia sublineata and Dactyliosolen antarctica were two seasonal dominant species only observed in underlying water column. The assemblages between bottom of ice and underlying surface water were different except when spring ice algae bloomed. The evidence shows that the ice algal blooms occurred mainly by in situ growth of ice algae, and the phytoplankton bloom was mostly caused by the release of ice algae.     

Phytoplankton Community Dynamics in West Lake After Drawing Water from the Qiantang River

1INTRODUCTIONTheWestLake ( 30°1 5′N ,1 2 0°1 6′E)isasmallshallowlakeinthewesternpartofHangzhouCityinthesoutheasterncoastalareaofChina.Thelakeissur roundedonthreesidesbyhills ;andisfamousforitspicturesquesceneryandinterfusionofhillsandwaterbodies.Thesurfaceareaisabout 5 .66km2 andmeandepthis 1 .8m .Beforethe 1 95 0s ,thelakewaterwascleanandmacrophytesgrewveryluxuriantlyinthelit toralareasofthelake .In 1 95 2 ,WestLakewasdredgedand 70 0× 1 0 4m3 mudwasremovedfromthebottomofthelake …     

Seasonal succession of phytoplankton in response to the variation of environmental factors in the Gaolan River, Three Gorges Reservoir, China

To understand the responses of a freshwater ecosystem to the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), phytoplankton was monitored in the tributaries of the TGR area. From August 2010 to July 2011, algal species composition, abundance, chlorophyll a and other environmental parameters were investigated in the Gaolan River, which is a tributary of Xiangxi River. Thirty-one algal genera from seven phyla were identified. Results show that the lowest concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) were 0.06 mg/L and 1.08 mg/L, respectively. The values of TP and TN exceeded the threshold concentration of the eutrophic state suggested for freshwater bodies. In the Gaolan River, the succession of phytoplankton showed clear seasonal characteristics. Different dominant species were observed among seasons under the control of environment factors. In spring and summer, the dominant species were Nitzschia sp. and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs, the limiting nutrient was NO ₃ ^? -N, and the key environmental factor for phytoplankton population succession was water temperature (WT). In autumn and winter, the dominant species were A. flos-aquae and Chlorella sp., the limiting nutrient was PO ₄ ^3? -P, and the key environmental factors were transparency and WT. This study illustrates the influence of physical and chemical factors on phytoplankton seasonal succession in a tributary of TGR since the downstream regions of Xiangxi River and Gaolan River became reservoirs after impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam. We suggest that this activity has significantly affected water quality in the dam area.     

Physicochemical conditions in affecting the distribution of spring phytoplankton community

To better understand the physicochemical conditions in af fecting regional distribution of phytoplankton community, one research cruise was carried out in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea during 3 rd and 23 th May, 2010. The phytoplankton community, including Bacillariophyta(105 taxa), Pyrrophyta(54 taxa), Chrysophyta(1 taxon) and Chlorophyta(2 taxa), had been identified and clearly described from six ecological provinces. And, the six ecological provinces were partitioned based on the top twenty dominant species related with notable physicochemical parameters. In general, the regional distributions of phytoplankton ecological provinces were predominantly influenced by the physicochemical properties induced by the variable water masses and circulations. The predominant diatoms in most of water samples showed well adaptability in turbulent and eutrophic conditions. However, several species of dinoflagellates e.g., Protoperidinium conicum, Protoperidinium triestinum, Protoperidinium sp. and Gymnodinium lohmanni preferred warmer, saltier and nutrient-poor environment. Moreover, the dinoflagellates with high frequency in the Yellow Sea might be transported from the Yellow Sea Warm Current. The horizontal distribution of phytoplankton was depicted by diatoms and controlled by phosphate concentration, while the vertical distribution was mainly supported by light and nutrients availability in the subsurface and bottom layers, respectively.     

Seasonal variations of net-phytoplankton community structure in the southern Yellow Sea

Based on the field survey data of four cruises in 2011, all phytoplankton communities in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) were investigated for the species composition, dominant species, abundance and diversity indices. A total of 379 species belonging to 9 phyla were identified, of which the most abundant group was Bacillariophyta (60.9%), followed by Pyrrophyta (23.7%) and Haptophyta (6.9%). The seasonal distribution of abundance was: summer (4137.1×10³ ind m^?3) > spring (3940.4×10³ ind m^?3) > winter (3010.6×10³ ind m^?3) > autumn (340.8 ×10³ ind m^?3), while the horizontal distribution showed a decreasing tendency from inshore to offshore regions. The dominant species of phytoplankton varied in different seasons. The dominant species were Thalassiosira pacifica, Skeletoema spp. and Chaetoceros cinctus in spring, Chaetoceros debbilis, Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus and Chaetoceros curvisetus in summer, Thalassiosira curviseriata, Alexandrium catenella and Ceratium fusus in autumn, Paralia sulcata, Phaeocystis sp. and Bacillaria paradoxa in winter, respectively. In SYS, the group of temperate coastal species was the major ecotype, and the groups of the central SYS species and oceanic species were also important constituents. The average values of Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H’) and Pielou evenness index (J) were 2.37 and 0.65 respectively. The indices H’ and J in the open sea were higher than those in coastal waters. Obvious co-variation tendencies between H’ and J were observed in all but the summer cruise of this survey.     

Dynamics of phytoplankton communities in the Jiangdong Reservoir of Jiulong River,Fujian, South China

Phytoplankton blooms occurring in the Jiangdong Reservoir of Jiulong River, Fujian Province, South China, are a potential source of contamination of the drinking water of Xiamen （Amoy） City. To understand the main factors governing phytoplankton composition and succession, we sampled phytoplankton and measured environmental parameters in the reservoir, weekly or biweekly from Jan. 2010 to Feb. 2012. We identified 123 species of phytoplankton from 7 phyla and 74 genera. The major phyla were Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cryptophyta, Cyanophyta, and Dinophyta. The main trend in the succession of phytoplankton was from prevalence of Cryptophyta-Bacillariophyta communities to those of Chlorophyta-Cyanophyta. High cell concentrations of Cryptophyta, predominantly Komma caudate, Cryptomonas marssonii, and Cryptomonas erosa, were present in winter, associated with low river discharge and cold water. Bacillariophyta, primarily Cyclotella meneghiniana, Aulacoseira granulata, and Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima, dominated in early spring, coinciding with high turbulence and low irradiance. During early summer and autumn, Chlorophyta, comprising Scenedesmus quadricauda, Dictyosphaerium ehrenbergianum, and Pandorina sp. were prevalent during conditions of warmer water temperatures and low turbulence. Cyanophyta, with dominance ofPseudanabaena mucicola, Merismopedia tenuissima and Raphidiopsis sp. increased throughout the summer, coinciding with higher water temperatures and lower nutrient concentrations. Dinophyta content was occasionally high during winter and summer. Peridiniopsis penardii （Dinophyta） bloomed during winter 2009, with a persistently high biomass recorded into early spring. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that phytoplankton communities were influenced by river discharge, irradiance, water temperature, and nutrient concentrations.