湖南省锑矿控矿因素及成因类型

锑是湖南省的优势矿种之一,研究锑矿地质特征及成因类型,对推动湖南省境内锑矿的找矿勘查具有一定社会现实意义和经济意义。控矿因素研究表明:其控矿地层有泥盆系、前寒武系、侏罗系-白垩系;稳定基底与活动坳陷带的边缘,在稳定基底的范围内,二者在其地质发展史中有着剧烈的相对活动的地区,是矿床赋存的有利构造区;矿床的分布受区域性大断裂和褶皱控制,多数矿床定位于区域性大断裂旁侧次级断裂与背斜交汇处;与汞、锑矿有关的岩体主要是印支期-燕山期花岗岩;酸性-中酸性斑岩(体)包括花岗闪长斑岩、花岗斑岩、石英斑岩等岩类,分布广泛,这些斑岩多与成矿关系密切。综合研究表明锑矿床在时间上主要形成于印支期-燕山期,在空间上集中分布在江南隆起的雪峰山弧形构造带,其次分布在湘中-湘南成锑带;地层、构造、岩浆岩等共同决定锑矿床的定位,最主要的成因类型为构造热液脉状矿床,重要的成因类型为层控热液整合型矿床、沉积改造层控型矿床。      

陕西省丹凤县蔡凹锑矿床地质特征及找矿方向

蔡凹锑矿床位于北秦岭加里东造山带内,产于古元古代秦岭群地层中,严格受区域性大断裂和界岭复式背斜两翼的次级褶皱和断裂控制。文中从分析成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征和矿床成因入手,总结了矿床的控矿因素,认为该矿床受含矿地层、构造和岩浆岩等因素控制;提出了新的找矿方向,认为蔡凹锑矿床深部仍有较大的找矿潜力,围绕有利的构造部位和矿化蚀变标志追索矿体,实现找矿勘查的突破。     

东安牛头寨地区锑矿床控制因素及成因探讨

锑矿床严格受构造控制,表现出逐级控矿特征区域性F1断裂、牛头寨复式背斜及北北东、北北西、北西向次级断裂,分别控制着锑矿带、锑矿床的空间展布及锑矿脉的形态、产状与规模.地层岩石建造对成矿的控制,主要表现在赋矿地层中的白云岩、硅质岩等易碎裂,为矿液的运移提供了有利的通道.部分含矿地层的Sb高丰度,还可能为成矿提供了矿源.已有的研究表明,锑矿床的硫同位素组成具有岩浆硫特征,并混入了部分围岩沉积硫.石英的氢氧同位素组成反映出岩浆流体与变质水混入溶液特征.矿物包裹体的爆裂温度平均为157℃.石英的包裹体成分测试结果,揭示了矿液为K-Na-Ca-C1型富硅的弱碱性溶液.矿床成因厘定为岩浆期后中低温热液脉状充填矿床.     

广西河池五圩矿田构造应力场划分及力源探讨

五圩矿田位于广西南丹-河池锡多金属成矿带的南端,主干构造为NNW向的不对称短轴背斜,其上叠加了NE、SN、EW 3个方向的褶皱,它们在丹池带上都有表现.文章通过大量共轭节理、层面擦痕、断层派生小构造、次级褶皱等构造要素野外观测,室内计算,恢复了五圩矿田中生代(印支-燕山期) 4期构造应力场,各期主压应力方位依次为NEE、NW-SE、N WW-SEE及NNE向,前两期为印支期,后两期为燕山期.并探讨了其力源:印支期来源于古特提斯板块向北俯冲与江南古陆向南推移形成的SN向顺时针区域力偶;燕山期来源于丹池断裂的右旋或左旋走滑活动.     

湘北桑植-石门一带早中生代褶皱叠加特征及变形机制

湘北桑植-石门一带下中生界连续发育一系列侏罗山式褶皱,褶皱叠加特征解析对探索桑植-石门复向斜褶皱变形期次及变形机制具有重要意义,同时对断裂控制褶皱变形的理论研究也具有启示意义。通过对桑植-石门一带地质构造剖面测制及褶皱叠加特征解析,识别出了印支期和早燕山期两期褶皱构造。研究区侏罗系与中三叠统之间的低角度不整合接触、白垩系与前白垩系之间的高角度不整合接触反映了印支运动和早燕山运动两期变形事件,可进一步推断桑植-石门一带褶皱可分为印支运动和早燕山运动两期。印支期褶皱轴迹主要呈北东东向-近东西向;早燕山期褶皱轴迹可分为2组:一组呈北东东向-近东西向;另一组呈北北东向。早燕山期2组褶皱与先期印支期褶皱叠加形成加强型和斜限型2种叠加类型,前者受控于印支期北东东向-近东西向逆断裂的继承性活动;后者受控于早燕山期北西西向区域挤压应力形成的北北东向逆断裂,且受限于先期北东东向-近东西向构造。此变形机制很好地解释了研究区褶皱轴面和逆冲断裂无向东或南东倾斜极性。      

福建香厝坑铁多金属矿床地质特征及成矿模式

通过对香厝坑铁多金属矿床区域地质背景、矿区地质特征和矿床地质特征进行研究，分析了矿床 的 成 矿 模 式。结 果 表明:燕山早期中酸性岩浆（汤泉岩体）侵入活动是矿床形成的主导因素，为成矿提供了成矿物质、成矿流体和热能；构造是成矿的重要因素，北北东向区域性大断裂（政和—大浦断裂带）和太华—长塔复式背斜控制了岩浆的侵入，区内滑脱构造控制了矿体的形 成和就位；地层是矿床形成的关键控制因素，一方面在含矿流体的运移、矿质的沉淀和矿体的定位过程中，地层成为十分重要的成矿地球化学障；另一方面地层作为矿源层，为矿床的形成提供了大量的成矿物质。矿床成因属接触交代型和风化淋滤型铁多金属矿床。      

河北省丰宁二道沟北灰窑银多金属矿控矿因素及找矿方向分析

河北省丰宁二道沟-北灰窑银多金属矿区地处大窝铺-上黄旗构造岩浆岩成矿带西部,多组深大断裂交会区域,断裂构造、岩浆热液活动发育,构成该区主要成矿地质背景。已发现营房银铅锌矿床、北岔沟门铅锌矿床和牛圈银金矿等众多大型—中型铅锌银金矿床,区域矿床成矿与燕山期岩浆活动和断裂构造活动密切相关。通过1∶1万土壤地球化学测量数据分析,该区Pb,Ag,Zn元素富集,主成矿元素组合异常发育,共圈定出4个组合异常,化探异常与矿(化)体相吻合。区内已发现8条蚀变矿化带,矿体形态、产状及矿化范围严格受断裂构造控制。通过不同地质体微量元素地球化学特征分析可知,燕山期花岗岩岩体和红旗营子群地层内Ag,Pb,Zn元素属于富集型和强分散型,利于成矿,同时为该区成矿提供了丰富的物质来源。绿泥石化、褐铁矿化、黄铁矿化、铁锰矿化等是识别蚀变带的有利标志,亦是寻找银多金属矿的重要标志。二道沟-北灰窑银多金属矿区属于受断裂构造控制的中低温热液矿床。通过对区域成矿地质条件和矿区地质特征的分析,总结了该区的控矿因素、成矿物质来源和矿床类型,为进一步地质勘查工作指明了方向。     

布格重力异常揭示的贵州深部构造特征

贵州地区大地构造位置位于扬子板块西南部,区内自元古宙以来经历了多期次构造变形,构造变形具有分区分块特征。基于贵州地区布格重力异常数据,利用小波多尺度分解方法提取出不同深源层地质构造的重力异常信息,并结合地质资料和人工反射地震剖面对贵州地区深大断裂分布、各构造单元变形特征、燕山运动影响深度及莫霍面埋深等进行了讨论。研究表明,贵州地区断裂构造发育,其中垭都-紫云断裂、贵阳-镇远断裂、三都断裂、遵义断裂、赫章-遵义断裂5条深大断裂将全区分割成6个主要构造变形单元,这些边界断裂控制了各构造单元的变形及贵州重力场分布特征;对这5条断裂展布特征、切割深度、倾向等进行的详细研究表明,贵州地区现今构造格局定型于燕山运动,由于深部滑脱层的调节作用,燕山运动主要造成了埋深小于6~7 km地层的褶皱变形,埋深大于6~7 km的地层未受燕山运动的影响,仍保留东西向构造变形特征。此外,利用Parker密度界面反演法得到贵州地区莫霍面起伏为38~48.5 km,由东部印江-荔波一带的38 km逐渐降低到六盘水附近的48.5 km,总体上向西倾斜。      

汝阳南部铅锌矿控矿地质条件及成矿机制初探

汝阳南部铅锌矿位于华北古板块南缘的车村—鲁山大断裂北侧,属伏牛山多金属成矿带,崤山一外方山铅锌铜成矿区付店铅锌成矿亚区。该区铅锌矿成矿分王屋山期和燕山期两个成矿期。区内主要矿床(点)分布受燕山晚期花岗岩制约,铅锌矿床(点)严格受断裂构造控制。熊耳群鸡蛋坪组二、三段火山岩和王屋山期中酸性小岩体是有利的赋矿围岩。笔者认为区内主要的热液充填交代型铅锌矿,是燕山晚期含矿岩浆热液与大气降水的含矿热液复合成矿,成矿机制十分复杂。     

甘肃省金山金矿地质特征及控矿因素

为了研究金山金矿的控矿因素及矿床成因,在研究成矿地质背景的基础上,结合野外地质及前人研究成果,采用地质、地球化学综合分析的方法,对矿区内地层、构造、岩浆岩、矿体特征、稳定同位素、成矿温度压力、成矿流体及微量元素特征进行了剖析.研究表明:金矿严格受断裂控制,断裂是成矿的主导因素;岩浆岩对成矿具有制约作用,岩体外接触带1～5 km内的断裂构造是最佳的赋矿位置;地质背景、含金建造与成矿关系密切;矿床形成经历了沉积成岩期、变质成矿期、岩浆热液成矿期、表生成矿期4个阶段.金山金矿床受多因素控制,具有物质多来源,成矿多阶段特点,其成因类型属地下热(卤)水渗滤型金矿床.     

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

氟、氯、溴、碘等卤族元素与人体健康的关系

卤族元素是人体的必需元素,正常情况下成人摄入量不超过F4 mg/d、C11.7～5.1g/d、I 100～200μg/d;少年不超过F 3 mg/d,儿童I1μg/kg-d,婴儿Cl0.3～1.2 g/d.过量摄入或缺乏卤族元素,都可能导致疾病的发生.而F含量0.5～1.0mg/L、C1＜50mg/L、Br＞100μg/L、I 10～100μg/L的饮用地下水,有利于人体健康.     

Controlling mechanisms for the trace metals, (Cu,Zn, Cd,Fe, Co and Ni) in anoxic sea water in Saanich Inlet,British Columbia,Canada

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawater. Data on the concentration of these trace metals and H₂S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruises. Equilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and/or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S₄) ₂ ³⁻ and Cu(Sn₄S₅)³⁻, Zn(HS) ₂ ⁰ and ZnHS ₂ ⁻ , Cd(HS) ₂ ⁰ and Ni(HS) ₂ ⁰ , respectively. The solid species controlling Fe²⁺ and Co²⁺ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H₂S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new species of trace metals are still in the processes of reduction and precipitation. Contribution No. 1428 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

气、水、岩、生、人相互作用及其环境效应

这里所指示的大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈以及人类的作用千变万化,从而对人类的生存造成巨大影响,构成了一个复杂的生态环境,讨论这些问题,对人类生存至关重要。     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION & POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE FRESHWATER CRAB SINOPOTAMON YANG TSEKIENSE BOTT, 1967, FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA

Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs     

CONTROLLING MECHANISMS FOR THE TRACE METALS,(Cu,Zn, Cd, Fe, Co AND Ni) IN ANOXIC SEA WATER IN SAANICH INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawaler. Data on the concentrations of these trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruisesEquilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The" results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and /or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S4)23- and Cu(S4S5)3-, Zn(HS)20 and ZnHS2-, Cd(HS)20 and Ni(HS)20 respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2 + and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new s     

石漠化的成因机理与防治对策

从石漠化的研究现状出发,依据我国西南岩溶石山地区石漠化特征,着重分析其主要控制介质为岩性、构造、地貌、气候、岩溶、地下水、植被等自然介质因子与森林砍伐、高坡开垦等人为介质因子.石漠化是以岩溶山区脆弱的岩溶生态环境为基础,以内、外地质作用和人类恶性生态地质作用为驱动力,以资源退化和恶化为本质,基岩不断裸露,生态环境不断恶化,周而复始的恶性循环过程.提出对石漠化的研究重点是成因机理研究,对石漠化的防治应着重于对石漠化的驱动力及其主导因子的防治,阐述了治山必须先治水等防治对策与建议.