新型城镇化水平区域差异与驱动因素分析

基于新型城镇化内涵的深刻理解及城镇化发展历程的梳理,尝试性利用等权重方法,对2000~2015年中国31个省市新型城镇化发展水平进行测度和时空维度及集聚特征展示。在此基础上建立多元回归模型,对中国进行分区域新型城镇化发展驱动力进行分析。结果表明,中国东、中、西部新型城镇化发展主导驱动因素分别为外向力、市场力和行政力。政府应在充分认识新型城镇化内涵基础上,对东、中、西部实行不同发展策略,缩小区域差异。     

Tourism sectorization opportunity spectrum model and space partition of tourism urbanization area: a case of the Mayangxi ecotourism area,Fujian province,China

Nowadays, tourism has become an increasingly significant driving force of modern urbanization in China. However, it has caused varieties of problems, such as resource unreasonable utilization, society unfair play, and environment pollution, etc. Thus, the establishment of an efficient and sustainable space partition model for tourism urbanization, from the geographical perspective, is highly necessary and urgent. Herein, a new evaluation model of tourist town space, referred to as Tourism Sectorization Opportunity Spectrum (TSOS), is established on the relationships between production-living-ecology spaces. TSOS is a kind of quantitative evaluation model involving such factors as urban living area, ecological conservation area and the tourism industry. Furthermore, the analysis of quantitative production-living-ecology spatial overlap has been utilized for space division in a tourism urbanization area. This paper, using both the TSOS model and GIS technology, analyzes the spatial restructure of the Mayangxi ecotourism area. The result demonstrates that tourism industrial space takes the Shanchong Village as a core which shows a pattern of local regional agglomeration and a fuzzy edge extending along the entire Mayangxi River. The urban living area should be consolidated in the Shili village with the supporting facilities and living space for tourism. In addition, Tianzhu Mountain forest park should be the key environmental protection area. The case study on the Mayangxi ecotourism area verifies that the TSOS model has strong operability. Therefore, TSOS model provides a scientific foundation for the space reconstruction of new urbanization area, and an effective tool for optimizing the space partition of a tourism urbanization area.     

Discussion on sustainable urbanization in Tibet

After 1995,Tibet entered the stage of accelerated urbanization.The large floating population from outside Tibet has become the driving force for urban expansion and the rising of urbanization rate.After analyzing the changes of urban functions and spatial structure of urban system in Tibet,this paper argues that before 1995 the urbanization in Tibet was mainly driven by administrative function,resulting in certain population migration,whereas in the past dec-ade economic function has become the key factor accelerating urban expansion with the market mechanism creating large-scale inflow of population.The floating population-based urbanization and high population growth in the agri-cultural and pastoral areas of Tibet has promoted the regional economic prosperity,but exerted resources and environ-mental pressure and brought some problems for Tibetan culture protection at the same time.The conflicts and contra-dictions between urbanization and the sustainability of natural resources,environment and social development have been intensified.Addressing these problems,this paper proposes some countermeasures for improving the sustainabil-ity of Tibetan urbanization.     

基于“一张蓝图”的“多规合一”信息平台建设研究——以南京市为例

在当前城市转型发展的背景下,各政府部门的空间规划迫切需要高度协调一致,从而保障规划有效实施,推进社会经济发展.探索“多规合一”已成为新型城镇化阶段的重要内容,然而现行规划在编制、实施和管理等方面存在差异,使得规划信息难以共享,项目落地存在争议,引发空间管制矛盾.本文结合南京市实际情况,通过分析“多规合一”在数据标准、空间布局和信息共享等方面存在的技术问题,提出基于“一张蓝图”的“多规合一”信息平台建设思路,包括数据建库、系统架构和功能设计等内容,并对信息平台的应用扩展进行了探讨.     

The Interaction of Population,Industry and Land in Process of Urbanization in China: A Case Study in Jilin Province

Urbanization is a complex process that covers a wide range of topics, of which population, industry and land urbanization are three important aspects. Jilin Province is an important agricultural province in China. The contradiction between population, industry and land urbanization is especially prominent here, and its coupling development is of great practical significance. In this paper, the coupling degree of population-industry-land urbanization in Jilin Province in 1990, 2000 and 2010 is measured by coupling mode. The spatial pattern of the coupling degree is analyzed by trend surface analysis and global and local spatial autocorrelation. The influence factors and their spatial differentiation are discussed using multiple linear regression (MLR) model and geographic weighted regression (GWR) model. The results show that: 1) the coupling degree of population-industry-land urbanization in Jilin Province is at a low level. Judging from the change of time scale, the urbanization of most research units is becoming more and more coordinated. From the comparison of spatial scales, there is significant spatial difference in the research units of different administrative levels. 2) Judging from the global change trend, the coupling degree of population-industry-land urbanization in the central region is higher than that in western and eastern regions. The coordination of urbanization in the central region is relatively good, and the distribution of the cold and hot spots is basically the same as that overall. 3) The spatial pattern of the coupling degree is related to the cold and hot spot distribution of the influence coefficient of urban population density and per capita urban construction land. The variation of the coupling degree spatial pattern is synchronous with the spatial change of the urban population density influence coefficient. 4) The degree of agglomeration of the urban population is the main factor promoting the coupling pattern of population-industry-land urbanization in Jilin Province, and the extent of its influence is gradually increasing. In addition, the level of city administrative, the efficiency of urban expansion and the capacity of market consumption also have an important influence on the coupling pattern.     

Evolutionary Pattern and Effect of Administrative Division Adjustment During Urbanization of China: Empirical Analysis on Multiple Scales

The adjustment of administrative divisions is one of the important factors guiding China’s urbanization, which has profound economic and social effects for regional development. In this paper, we comprehensively describe the process of the adjustment of administrative divisions at provincial and municipal levels in China and summarize the effects on the basic structure and patterns of the spatial development. We quantitatively assess the effects on fields such as urbanization and social economy through the use of multidimensional scaling. The results show that: 1) Upgrading county to municipality (or city-governed district) is the main way of adjusting the administrative divisions. It is also an important factor in the spatial differentiation of interprovincial urbanization. China’s population urbanization can be divided into four patterns including interprovincial migration, provincial migration, natural growth, and growth caused by the adjustment of administrative divisions, which is also the main reason for the increased Chinese urbanization rate at the provincial level. 2) Taking the city of Beijing as an example, we generalize five adjustment patterns made to administrative divisions: the set-up of sub-districts, the set-up of regional offices, the upgrading of townships to sub-districts, the upgrading of townships to towns, and the set-up of towns and the addition of new regional offices. We summarize the municipal urban spatial structure, including the sub-district office area in the central urban area, the regional office area in the new urban area, the mixed area of villages, towns, and sub-district offices in the suburb area, and the township area in the outer suburb area. 3) The adjustment of administrative divisions triggers a significant circulative accumulation effect, resulting in the spatial locking of population and industrial agglomeration. It affects the evolution of the urban spatial form and plays an important role in shaping the urban spatial structure to move to the characteristic of multicenter. In general, the adjustment of administrative divisions was an important factor affecting the inflated statistical level of urbanization and also an important driving force for the evolution of Chinese urban spatial organization structure.     

平阴县孝直镇关于大村制新型农村社区建设的探索和实践

平阴县孝直镇属偏远的农业大镇,为解决村庄规模偏小、布局分散和"空心村"等问题,充分利用国家城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策,以土地综合整治为平台,积极推进大村制建设,合村并点建设新型社区,从根本上改变农村面貌,加速城镇化和城乡一体化进程。     

ON FEATURES OF TOWN DEVELOPMENT IN THE ZHUJIANG RIVER DELTA SINCE 1978

since 1978, rural urbanization has been accelerated in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta because of the rapid development of commodity agriculture, industrialization and tertiary industry. Its natural urban population increase had been mostly mechanical before now, and the towns have been transformed from traditional centers into those serving various functions, particularly industrial ones.In the Zhujiang River Delta, population density and the level of economic changes are high in central areas, and low in outlying area, but on the other hand, urban population has increased slowly in central area and fast in outlying area. In the central areas more industrial towns emerge. So the gap has been greatly reduced. The reform of the construction of the region's economy, the improvement of transportation, the adjustment of the standard of town setting have promoted the distribution of the towns in the Zhujiang River Delta from being centralized to balanced.     

经济强村兼并弱村的实施与模式探讨——以文登市金岭山庄为例

在二元土地所有制下,中国城市市区的建设用地、农村和城市郊区依法征收后新增的建设用地,属于国家所有;城市市区以外以及法律规定由国家所有土地以外的农民宅基地和其他建设用地,属于农民集体所有。文登市金岭山庄被位于城区的经济强村西楼兼并后,土地资源得以高效利用,加速了城市化进程,成为城乡统筹发展的典范。     

青岛市城中村土地征用(收)调查

随着全国大部分地区尤其是东部沿海区域城市化发展进入加速期,城区土地资源紧张问题愈发显现。同时城区内大片旧城区和城中村的改造,影响着城市化能否顺利实施,为了破解这一城市发展难题,青岛市国土部门创新思路,探索实施新的城中村土地征用(收)办法,全方位保障被拆迁群众的利益,推动了城市化的顺利实施,促进了社会的和谐和城市经济健康发展。     

临邑县新型城镇化建设探讨

临邑县在充分尊重农民意愿的基础上,规范有序地开展城乡建设用地增减挂钩试点,积极开展"两区同建",推动新型城镇化发展。通过建立部门协调推进工作机制、高起点科学编制规划、多方面做好宣传工作,促进了土地节约集约利用,推动了新型城镇化建设,促进了现代农业发展,有效推进了当地城乡一体化进程。     

税费改革后的乡村关系探析

农村税费改革,在调整国家与农民经济关系的同时,也为乡村关系的发展注入了新的变量:乡镇政府职能由"管治"转向"服务";乡村财政收入减少,基层政府运转困难增加;政府权威降低,"一事一议"问题难以推行,公益事业发展缓慢。因此,税费改革后乡村关系呈现出乡对村的行政控制减弱,乡村关系趋于松散,乡村干部由原来的显性利益共同体转为隐性等新的特点。     

基于GIS的城镇体系规划空间分析系统研究

基于提高城乡规划工作中城镇体系空间规划分析工作的准确性与效率的目的,本次研究提出了城镇势力圈划分、城镇职能识别、城镇规模等级划分定量分析方法。应用这些方法,基于ArcGIS 9.3系统平台基础上进行二次开发,设计了基于GIS的城镇体系空间规划分析系统。本系统适用于当前城镇体系规划实践,解决城镇势力圈划分、城镇职能识别、城镇规模等级划分等3个核心问题。本系统在城镇经济腹地划分、行政区划调整、经济协作区划定、中心城镇吸引范围的空间识别、中心镇判别、城镇体系结构识别等领域具有应用价值。     

历史传承与现代化的对接——北京城市建设新风貌

北京城市建设日新月异,以惊人的速度、超常的规模,黍列国际大都会行列。但800年古都、风韵犹存;本文论述对东西长安街和南北中轴线空间布局的棋盘格局;地铁选线与设计的乡土特色,古树名木的历史见证与城市记忆,为读者解读北京城市建设现代化过程中,体现历史文化传承潜规则的精彩与和谐。     

The satellite towns of metropolis guangzhou: Evolution,inherent links with the central city and tendencies —a case study of renhe town

This paper focuses on three interrelated aspects of the relationship between the satellite towns (Renhe Town) and the central city of metropolis Guangzhou. The attention is initially paid to the evolution of the satellite towns. Those towns are recognized as industrial ones although different types could be identified since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Then the analysis is turned to the inherent links between Renhe and the central city. Although Renhe has absorbed some decentralized industries, the achievements of constructing satellite towns are not considered satisfactory. This is because the decentralized industries have not given an impetus to the economic growth of Renhe, the town has no close links with the central city in the aspects of finance, employment, economy and technology due to the limitation of the traditional administrative institution, and the decentralized workers are commuters taking the mother city as the sleeping place. Thirdly the problems associated with the construction of satellite towns are examined. Guangzhou is experiencing the major restructuring of industrial structure and therefore it is necessary to decentralize some industries to satellite towns. However, the limits from the central city and the satellite towns are influencing industrial decentralization and construction of satellite towns. The solutions and prospects are finally put forward. This paper was funded by the Canadian International Development Agency.     

Non-coordination in China＇s Urbanization： Assessment and Affecting Factors

Urbanization is a comprehensive concept, a trinity process that population urbanization, economic urbanization and space urbanization, is based on the interactions and mutual influences among the in which, people are the central and leading players in this process, while economic activities serve as the driving force and space is the carrier-the physical or material setting as well as the product. So the coordination among these processes is crucial for a country or region＇s sustainable development. China is experiencing rapid growth of cities and a surge in urban population, with the basic national condition of many people and little land, which calls for a systematic study of the issue of coordinated urbanization from theoretical, methodological and practical perspectives. Based on the concept of urbanization and non-coordination of urbanization, this article built a quantitative method to identify and evaluate the urbanization and non-coordination of urbanization, and made an empirical analysis in China between 2000 and 2008. The results show that the non-coordination overall level of China＇s urbanization declined during the study period, because population urbanization, economic urbanization, and space urbanization exhibited different trajectories of change. This study also reveals that performance assessment system, household registration system, and urban land expropriation system, etc., are the main affecting factors. At the end, we put forward some suggestions to achieve sustainable development of China＇s urbanization from the aspects of improving the local government＇s obiective function, imolementing the urban plalming svstem, enforcing public particination asnects and so on.     

Spatial patterns of farmland abandonment and its impact factors in the central Three Gorges Reservoir Area

The severe farmland abandonment phenomena in China have tremendously decreased the farmland usage efficiency and caused a series of profound ecological and social outcomes. The complexity of farmland abandonment necessitates a systematic research on its patterns and impact factors to underpin the dynamics of problem as well as potential solutions. This paper took Wanzhou district in the central part of Three Gorges Reservoir Area as an example to study the spatial distribution patterns of abandoned farmland at three scales, i.e., town, village, and plot, and analyzed the influence from labor transfer and farmland circulation. We conducted a survey on the distribution patterns of abandoned farmland via questionnaires at town and village scales, together with the modeling and interpretation of high-resolution aerial images taken by unmanned aerial vehicles at plot scale. Our research discloses a strong relationship between the distribution of abandoned farmland and the distance from population center at different scales. At either town or village scale, the abandonment proportion was recognized the highest in mid-distance areas and lowest in close-distance areas, and the per capita area of abandoned farmland increased with the distance to downtown or township. At plot scale, abandonment proportion presented exponential growth with the distance to village center, whereas the abandoned farmland was mainly distributed in the areas with distance above 500 m from the village center. Moreover, we noticed that labor transfer and farmland circulation are two important factors that influence farmland abandonment. Labor's outbound transfer distance has a positive linkage with the possibility of farmland abandonment. Finally, it is recommended that development and adoption of corresponding policies on local urbanization and farmland circulation will facilitate to alleviate farmland abandonment.     

乡村振兴背景下镇域高标准农田建设分区研究——以山东省滨州市阳信县商店镇为例

在乡村振兴战略背景下,在镇域尺度上构建适宜性评价指标体系,划定高标准农田建设分区,用以指导商店镇高标准农田项目的建设方向。以适宜性评价、障碍度模型为研究方法,研究结果显示商店镇高标准农田建设适宜性一级区主要分布在镇域的中南部地区,二级区基本环绕在一级区外侧,三级区分散于镇域各地,以镇域北部居多,有城镇发展的需求,较不适宜建设高标准农田。商店镇高标准农田建设的障碍因子主要包括耕地连片度、灌溉保证率、盐渍化、有机质含量以及乡镇建设需求。耕地连片度、盐渍化、有机质含量以及乡镇建设需求这4个建设障碍问题在镇域北部都明显存在;镇域东部主要表现为盐渍化问题与耕地连片度,在东部地区高标准农田建设时需重点解决;南部主要存在耕地连片度与灌溉保证率的问题,需加大农田基础设施建设。商店镇高标准农田建设可划分为优先建设区、重点发展区与后备保留区,基于障碍因素进一步细化为12个分区,总体来说,商店镇高标准农田建设南部以完善农田基础设施建设、改良土壤为主,北部地区整治方向为规模化整治、促进农业产业化发展。     

城郊型村庄用地发展问题研究—以2002—2014年莱芜市高庄坡草洼村为例

在城镇化快速演进的背景下,我国建设用地扩展导致耕地面积减少已成为学界共识。农民对城镇化进程成本支付能力低,土地成为来分享财富用于城镇化的工具,导致农村地区频频出现村庄“空壳化”、城镇人口“两头占地”、土地利用粗放等现象。作为城郊型村庄具有明显的区位优势、环境优势和资源优势,不断诱发村庄建设用地扩展、延伸,使土地集约利用的趋势更为严峻。该文通过研究坡草洼村近12年的村庄形态的演变进程,挖掘造成村庄土地利用混乱、耕地面积不断减少、人均建设用地不断增加的原因。在保障农民土地财产权的前提下,应让静态的土地“流”起来,使沉睡的资源“活”起来,不仅能解决“就地城镇化”的土地瓶颈问题,还能让村民生活质量真正的“市民化”。     

推动新型智慧城市建设的PPP模式探讨

新型智慧城市是"十三五"期间国家重点关注和投入发展的经济增长点,也将成为推动国家供给侧改革、新型城镇化建设的重要着力点。新型智慧城市建设涉及体量较大,单独依靠政府财政投入难以持续,必须改变过去完全由政府主导建设的模式,国家和地方层面提出在相关领域发展推广PPP的建设模式。文章分析了新型智慧城市建设需求和PPP模式特点,总结了不同类型企业参与新型智慧城市PPP建设的策略建议,并结合实际案例阐述如何通过PPP模式进行资源整合、募集社会金融资本,开展新型智慧城市建设运营的模式,促进新型智慧城市建设投资市场化、运营市场化、机制市场化;在最后提出了未来还需关注探讨的几个问题。