崤山地区太古代变质花岗岩地质地球化学特征

崤山地区原“太华群”由１５％的变质表壳岩和８５％的变质花岗岩组成。变质花岗岩的主要岩石类型有：石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、奥长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩。通过对变质花岗岩的地质、地球化学研究表明，崤山地区太古代变质花岗岩与国内外其他地区的ＴＴＧ岩系类似。根据野外接触关系和一组锆石Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ蒸发年龄（２４５１Ｍａ），确定其成岩时代为太古代。     

鞍山地区陈台沟变质表壳岩的年龄

鞍山市东部陈台沟村附近，有一套以斜长角闪岩类、石英岩类和长英质片麻岩类等组成的变质表壳岩（陈台沟表壳岩），它虽被划归为鞍山群但同该地区公认的鞍山群明显不同。它同白家坟花岗岩（３．８Ｇａ）和陈台沟花岗岩（３．３Ｇａ－３．１Ｇａ）为断层接触。采用Ｋｏｂｅｒ提出的单颗粒锆石逐层蒸发－沉积方法，测定了侵入陈台沟表壳岩的两条花岗岩脉（Ａ９２１２－３，Ｃｈ１０）中锆石的年龄，Ａ９２１２－３测定了８粒锆石，年龄为３３５７±４Ｍａ－３３１５±４Ｍａ（误差均为２ｄ，Ｃｈ１０测定了３粒锆石，结果为３３３７±１２Ｍａ，３２２８±３７Ｍａ和１８１３±７Ｍａ。３３５７Ｍａ和３３３７Ｍａ是这两条花岗岩脉侵位时间。１８１３Ｍａ是后期地质作用的时间。陈台沟表壳岩的年龄大于３．３５Ｇａ，建议将陈台沟表壳岩从鞍山群分离出来单独建群。     

鲁西地区石门山—凤仙山岩体的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及形成时代

鲁西地区石门山岩体主要岩性为片麻状花岗闪长岩,原划为新太古代早期侵入岩。根据新测锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄为(2530±8)Ma,其形成时代确定为新太古代晚期。凤仙山岩体为中粒二长花岗岩,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(2513±12)Ma,并侵入片麻状花岗闪长岩。石门山岩体属峄山岩套,为TTG质花岗岩,是地幔岩浆侵入混入地壳物质形成的。凤仙山岩体属傲徕山岩套二长花岗岩,为上地壳物质重熔(深熔)作用形成的。峄山岩套TTG类岩石是2560~2530 Ma壳幔岩浆活动的产物,岩体普遍具有片麻状构造,表明经历变质变形作用。未受区域变质作用的傲徕山岩套大规模壳源花岗岩是2530~2500 Ma地壳物质部分熔融形成的,与华北克拉通新太古代末超大陆拼合有关,2530 Ma是鲁西地区重要的构造热事件发生时期。     

熊耳裂陷槽云梦山组LA-ICP-MS碎屑岩锆石U-Pb年代学特征及其地质意义

熊耳裂陷槽是华北克拉通开展中—新元古界地质研究的焦点.利用LA-ICP-MS方法,对河南新安黛眉山地区中元古界汝阳群云梦山组进行碎屑岩锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究,得到80颗锆石的谐和—近谐和年龄.结果表明:云梦山组锆石年龄分布于1 700～2 724 Ma,最年轻的碎屑岩锆石年龄为(1 700±55)Ma,主峰值年龄为2 083 Ma,次峰值年龄为1 771、2 512 Ma;云梦山组的时代下限约为1 700 Ma;物源主要来自中元古代早期或古元古代的岩石,其中来自2.40～1.95 Ga的物源较多;云梦山组样品的碎屑岩锆石年龄峰值与华北克拉通前寒武纪地质事件具有较好的响应关系,分别对应华北克拉通盆地古元古代晚期、中元古代早期的重要地质事件.该结果为研究区的地层对比和年代地层格架建立提供参考.     

华北克拉通胶东莱州地区中太古代—新太古代早期TTG岩石的发现——锆石SHRIMP U—Pb定年

胶东是华北克拉通早前寒武纪变质基底重要分布区之一,已发现～2.9Ga,～2.7Ga和～2.5Ga三期TTG岩石,并确定新太古代晚期和古元古代晚期两期构造热事件。但是,有关胶东地区早前寒武纪变质基底的认识几乎都来自对莱阳以北地区(主要为栖霞地区)的研究。该文对莱州地区早前寒武纪变质基底8个岩石样品开展了SHRIMP U-Pb锆石定年,首次发现～2.9Ga岩石(条带状英云闪长岩和片麻状闪长质岩石),发现大量～2.7Ga英云闪长岩和奥长花岗岩。确定存在多期次构造热事件叠加改造,包括中太古代晚期-新太古代早中期构造热事件。研究表明,莱州地区与莱阳-栖霞地区具有类似的早前寒武纪地质过程,它们共同构成胶东太古宙变质基底。该文总结了胶东地区早前寒武纪变质基底形成演化历史。     

华北陆块南缘富碱侵入岩岩石组合及时空分布

华北陆块南缘（河南段）出露的富碱侵入岩类集中分布于卢氏－确山一线。岩石类型主要分为三大类：①碱性岩类，即含有似长石或碱性暗色矿物的正长岩类；②碱性花岗岩类，包括钠铁闪石花岗岩以及孪生的钾长花岗岩类；③石英正长岩类，包括碱性长石为主的石英正长岩、英碱正长岩和花岗正长（斑）岩类。在空间上构成一条富碱岩浆岩带，据岩石组合自北而南划为三个亚带：北部碱性岩亚带、中部碱性花岗岩类亚带和南部石英正长（斑）岩亚带。在形成时间上富碱岩浆活动集中于晚元古代末期（７００Ｍａ±）和海西晚期（３００Ｍａ±）。     

胶东—鲁南早元古代双变质带及其地质意义

本文作者描述了胶东—鲁南双变质带,从荣成、文登、威海经青岛、胶南、诸城、日照到莒南赋存于太古代至早元古代胶东群和/或胶南群变质杂岩中的C类榴辉岩带,代表了高压低温变质带;从胶东到鲁南的桃科期(早元古代)Ⅰ型花岗岩带及胶东莱西—安丘早元古代麻粒岩相岩石则代表了高温低压变质带。我们推测,这一双变质带,形成于早元古代华南板块向华北板块的俯冲期。在这次碰撞事件之后,胶东—鲁南地区发生角闪岩相变质作用,这次变质事件使得高压低温变质带发生了进变质作用,使C类榴辉岩平衡温度升高,同时使蓝闪石片岩消失;高温低压变质带则发生了退变质作用,Ⅰ型花岗岩发生混合岩化作用,麻粒岩相岩石遭受退化变质。胶东—鲁南双变质带,表明了华北—华南陆块的东部边界是从合肥、嘉山、响水、连云港经鲁南、青岛到胶东(荣成、威海)后而没入北黄海的。     

新疆东准老鸦泉含锡花岗岩体地球化学特征及其构造环境

老鸦泉含锡花岗岩体是新疆东准最大的花岗岩体，形成于３０２．１５±２．８３Ｍａ。岩石学、岩石地球化学特征研究表明．岩体具Ｉ型和Ｓ型花岗岩的双重特征，属于Ｈ型花岗岩，同时又具有富碱Ａ型花岗岩的部分特征；在构造环境上，具有同碰撞花岗岩的特征；成岩物质来源于壳幔混合源，是塔里木板块和准噶尔板块在古生代发生碰撞时，于卡拉麦利弧后盆地形成的同碰撞型花岗岩。     

太行山中段石湖金矿区石英闪长玢岩脉 ＬＡ－ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ锆石 Ｕ－Ｐｂ年龄、地球化学特征及成矿意义

石湖金矿大地构造位置上位于华北克拉通太行山中段，与石英闪长玢岩脉存在密切的成因联系。通过对矿区内石英闪长玢岩脉锆石进行激光等离子体质谱 ＬＡ－ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ单颗粒锆石微区 Ｕ－Ｐｂ同位素测年，获得了年龄为（１３０．５±１．４）Ｍａ（ＭＳＷＤ＝１．８，Ｎ＝３４），时代为早白垩世。该岩石具高硅、富碱、富铝等特征，属钙碱性系 列，具 有 弱 的 Ｅｕ正 异 常，富集大离子亲石元素 Ｋ、
Ｃｓ、Ｒｂ等，亏损高场强元素和重稀土元素 Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｚｒ、Ｈｆ、Ｙ、Ｙｂ等。具有高 Ｓｒ低 Ｙ、Ｙｂ的 特 征，以 及 较 高 的 Ｓｒ／Ｙ、（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ 比值，具有类似于加厚下地壳部分熔融形成的埃达克质岩石特征，埃达克质岩石与金矿密 切 相 关。因 此，太行山中段埃达克质石英闪长玢岩脉与金矿具有重要成因联系。      

北秦岭商南花岗岩体地球化学特征及其形成的构造环境

商南花岗岩体位于北秦岭造山带商丹断裂北侧，属新元古代花岗岩侵入体。岩石学、岩石地球化学特征研究表明，岩体具Ｉ型或Ｓ型花岗岩的双重特征，属于Ｈ型花岗岩；在构造环境上，又具有火山弧型和同碰撞型花岗岩特点，成岩物质来源于壳幔混合源，形成于华北与扬子古陆块在晋宁期由活动陆缘向碰撞带构造环境转变过渡时期，岩石构造类型属碰撞前（火山弧型）－同碰撞型花岗岩。     

ADVANCES IN MEDICO-CHEMICAL GEOGRAPHY IN CHINA

We have made progress in medico-chemical geography as follows: the correlative law of organism with geochemical environment; the geochemico-ecological classification of chemical elements; the types of formative cause of biogeochemical provinces in China; the parabolic correlation between contents of iodine in drinking water and prevalence rate of endemic goiter; the discovery and proof of the low selenium zone in China; the successive discovery of endemic fluorosis of the types of pollution from burning coal, drinking high fluoride tea and high fluoride table salt from the year 1978; the study on chemical geography of schistosomiasis and the compilation of the Atlas of Endemic Diseases and Their Environments in the People's Republic of China.     

山东省烟台市观水镇白垩纪基岩裂隙水供水可行性分析

近年来,由于地下水污染问题加剧,山东省烟台市观水镇生活用水矛盾日益突出,急需寻找优质地下水缓解当地居民用水问题。通过水文地质调查、地球物理勘探、实施探采结合井、抽水试验和水质化验等手段,初步查明了观水镇及附近区域的蓄水构造类型及赋存规律,圈定了优质地下水的富水地段,论证了白垩纪基岩裂隙水供水可行性,为政府相关部门决策、解决村民吃水问题提供科学建议。     

综合找矿方法在鲁西地区莱芜高家岭金矿勘查中的应用

高家岭金矿地处鲁西泰莱断陷与鲁村凹陷之间的隆起地带,矿体发育于铜冶店-孙祖断裂上盘下接触面的构造蚀变带中,通过地质、物化探综合技术手段圈定了物化探异常,指导探矿工程的布设,进而发现高家岭金矿,矿体平均品位5.61×10^-6,预测金矿金属量6788kg,达到中型矿床规模,取得了良好的找矿效果。区内综合找矿方法的应用对类似地区金矿的勘查具有借鉴意义。     

试述学校发展电化教育应注意的问题

随着信息社会的发展，新技术和新媒体的出现必然影响学校现代教育的发展。通过阐述发展学校电化教育的应注意的问题，探讨了解决问题的方法。     

临沂市与江苏省四市保障用地做法对比分析

临沂市毗邻江苏省,前者是革命老区,经济欠发达城市,后者则是全国经济发展速度最快的省份之一.经济发展形势的差异使得二者在保障用地的措施做法上产生了差别.文章以江苏省徐州市、宿迁市、南通市和扬州市为例,重点分析了经济发展较快地区化解用地矛盾的做法,并与临沂市作了比较,借以提出了可供经济欠发达地区借鉴的保障发展用地的措施建议.     

Changes in the small-jellyfish community in recent decades in Jiaozhou Bay, China

We used long term monitoring data to evaluate changes in abundance and species dominance of small-jellyfish (collected with zooplankton net whose bell diameter was less than 5 cm) between 1991 and 2009 in the Jiaozhou Bay, China. Zooplankton samples were vertically towed with conical plankton net from near-bottom to surface, identified microscopically, and mapped in time-space using Grapher 7.0 and Surfer 8.0. Results show that the abundance of small-jellyfish throughout the bay had been increasing during 2001-2009 on average of 15.2 ind./m 3 , almost 5 times higher than that between 1991 and 2000. The occurrence of peak abundance shifted from spring to summer after 2000, and two peaks appeared in spring and summer, respectively, after 2005. Both the abundance and the frequency of blooms of small-jellyfish increased after 2000 in the bay. In addition, the biodiversity of jellyfish has increased significantly in recent years with a change in dominant species. Several new dominant species appeared after 2000, including Rathkae octopunctata in winter, Phialidium hemisphaericum in spring, summer, and autumn, Phialucium carolinae in spring, and Pleurobrachia globosa in summer and autumn, while some previous dominant species throughout the 1990s (Eirene ceylonensis, Zanclea costata, Lovenella assimilis, and Muggiaea atlantica) were no longer dominant after 2000. The abundance of small-jellyfish was positively correlated with the density of dinoflagellates, and the abundance of zooplankton. We believe that the changes in smalljellyfish abundance and species composition were the result of eutrophication, aquaculture and coastal construction activities around the bay. Concurrently, seawater warming and salinity decrease in recent decades promoted the growth and reproduction of small-jellyfish in the bay.     

东营郑南斜坡带砂砾岩体储层微观特征

东营凹陷郑南斜坡带砂砾岩体是古近纪沙四段沉积时期形成的以砂、砾岩为主的近岸水下扇沉积体。储集层岩石结构成熟度和成分成熟度均较低,多为双模态和复模态结构。首先对影响储集层岩石的主要成岩作用进行了描述,分析了该砂砾岩体储集层的孔隙类型和孔隙结构特征。该类砂砾岩体储集层孔隙类型多样,孔隙结构复杂,以中-低孔隙度、低渗透率储层类型为主。     

青岛市城中村土地征用(收)调查

随着全国大部分地区尤其是东部沿海区域城市化发展进入加速期,城区土地资源紧张问题愈发显现。同时城区内大片旧城区和城中村的改造,影响着城市化能否顺利实施,为了破解这一城市发展难题,青岛市国土部门创新思路,探索实施新的城中村土地征用(收)办法,全方位保障被拆迁群众的利益,推动了城市化的顺利实施,促进了社会的和谐和城市经济健康发展。     

古代雷州半岛海神信仰略析

古代,雷州半岛信仰的海神主要有伏波将军和妈祖,尤其是元代以后,妈祖影响超过伏波,这主要有三方面原因:1)妈祖得到上层统治阶级的青睐,2)雷州半岛的汉人多为福建移民,3)雷州半岛少数民族的外迁。     

Community participation in forest resource management in Nepal

Livelihood of the people in Nepal hills depends much upon forest resources in addition to farming as forest plays a critical role in the well being of the farming households where access to alternative sources, such as energy for cooking, nutrition for animals, materials for fertilizer and constructing materials for shelter, are limited. Thus, the well being of the people in the hills is directly affected by the management of these forest resources. This issue was addressed in this paper by examining the forest resource management practices and its effect on well being of rural people in two different stages in a village lying in the steep hill of Mahabharat Range in the southern hills of Kathmandu valley, Lalitpur District. The main ethnic/caste groups in the villageare Brahmin/Chhetri (high Hindu caste),Magar/Tamang (Tibeto Burmans) and Kami (occupational caste: cobbler). Currently there are four community forest users groups, with mixed ethnic membership, organized to manage the forest resources. The endowments, weak institutional settings, before 1990 helped the Bhramins, Magars and Tamangs to get access into the private forest endowment, which made them easy to get access to the forest resources, mainly fuel wood, fodder and timber in 1990 and enhanced their well beings. But the socially backward Kami could not get benefit from the institutions that existed during that time and had less chance to enhance their well beings. After the set up of different endowments during late 199os, i.e.,hand over of forest management to users groups in line with the concept of community forest,environment to use the forest resources became better for all the groups, along with the management of the forest. This enhanced the well beings of all the groups in the study village. However, the ability of Kami to use the forest resources to enhance their well beings was still lacking behind. The reason was partially due to the difference in endowments carried over from the endowments before 199o, and partly due to their occupational work and location of their settlements.