青海大场矿区永冻层低温钻井液试验研究

针对大场矿区永冻层钻进过程中出现的冻钻、塌孔和钻井液絮凝等特点,结合矿场钻探地质资料,在粗分散抑制性抗低温钻井液体系基础上,利用正交实验法优选出了适宜大场矿区永冻层钻进的配方。配方:1 000 mL水+2% Na₂CO₃(钠基膨润土的2%)+4% 钠基膨润土+10% NaCl+2% KCl+5% 乙二醇+0.15% Na CMC(高黏)+0.3% LV PAC(低黏)。实验表明该配方在-10℃条件下仍能保持良好的性能,未出现冻结、絮凝等现象;同时,运用DPS软件分析了该钻井液的流体类型,结果表明该钻井液为幂律流体,在低温下该钻井液的非牛顿性增强,流动性能较好。      

西岗子煤窑沟矿腐植酸用褐煤矿开发经济意义

一、矿床开发的基本条件 （一）矿产资源经济形势分析 黑龙江省黑河市西岗子煤矿煤窑沟矿腐植酸用褐煤矿是用于生产SPNH-Ⅱ型钻井液助剂的基本原料，由于以前的钻井液助剂价格昂贵、性能单一，主要是以降黏剂和降滤失剂为主，且在降滤失剂中有毒性较大的金属铬，对环境的污染十分严重。     

饱和盐水钻井液体系在永冻层的钻进功效

钻井液是永冻层钻井的关键技术之一,它直接影响钻井作业的成败。通过近年来对日龙沟、智乃黑锡多金属矿勘探现状调查,研究出一套以护胶降滤失水为主剂的适应于永冻层钻井的饱和盐水钻井液,并对其进行了配方优选,成功解决了永冻层冻结钻杆、钻具造成的困难,缩短钻井周期。     

基于正交试验法的天然气水合物地层钻井液配方设计

在天然气水合物勘探开发过程中,钻井液性能的变化会导致水合物的分解与再形成,从而影响正常的钻进。为了满足
水合物勘探所需的稳定钻井液,采用正交试验法,研究了含NaCl、聚合物等不同组分的水合物地层钻井液宏观流变性的变化。以
表观黏度、塑性黏度、动切力等为考核指标,通过改变各组分的含量对钻井液配方进行优选,确定了影响钻井液性能的主要因素,
用较少的试验次数获得了较全面的试验结果,从而获得适合含天然气水合物地层钻井用的钻井液。      

水热裂解辅助蒸气吞吐强化辽河油田稠油开采的效果

研制和筛选适合蒸气吞吐条件下强化稠油水热裂解的催化剂柠檬酸镍和供氢剂HD-1,并对其催化、供氢性质进行实验评价.结果表明:柠檬酸镍可与油藏矿物协同催化稠油水热裂解反应,使降黏率达到68.2%,平均相对分子质量降低33.9%,含硫质量分数降低0.45%;供氢剂HD-1可使稠油水热裂解程度进一步增加,降黏率达到75.9%,...     

丙烯酸酯接枝共聚物在稠油降黏中的应用

摘 要:油溶性降黏剂降黏技术,作为一种新型的稠油开采和输送技术具有不同于其他稠油降黏技术的独特性及其适用范围,具有广阔的开发前景;其研究在石油领域非常活跃。根据油溶性降黏剂的降黏机理,针对丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯、丙烯酰胺三元共聚物,通过固定其他反应条件用TDI(甲苯二异腈酸酯)、氯化石蜡、平平加、硬脂酸对其进行了接枝改性处理,探讨了接枝改性物的品种和用量对降黏率的影响。所合成的丙烯酸酯接枝共聚物对稠油的降黏率最高可达94％左右。采用红外光谱仪器分析手段,对部分丙烯酸酯接枝共聚物的结构进行了表。结构表征数据分析表明,已合成的丙烯酸酯接枝共聚物符合所设计的结构特点。      

江汉油田废弃油基钻井液处理

根据江汉油田废弃油基钻井液特点,采用化学破乳法处理该废弃油基钻井液,在废弃油基钻井液中加入破乳剂、絮凝剂和混凝剂.结果表明:油回收率达到94.2%,芬顿氧化处理后的废水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)二级标准,COD去除率达到97.35%,色度去除率达到95.83%;经过固化剂固化96h后,泥渣固化物紧密度达到Ⅳ级,固化物浸出液达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)二级标准,能够实现江汉油田废弃油基钻井液无害化处理.     

干热岩钻探关键技术探索

干热岩是国际公认的高效低碳清洁能源,近年来,随着国家对清洁能源勘探开发的提倡和支持,国内开展了一些干热岩勘探工作。干热岩钻探是前期获取地质资料进行资源量计算及后期开发利用的关键部分。现阶段国内在干热岩钻探工艺技术方面还没有形成体系,大多借用石油钻井行业及地质钻井行业的一些工艺技术,但干热岩钻探钻遇地层温度普遍较高,且大部分孔段均为坚硬的花岗岩地层,因此如何在高温环境下保持钻井液性能,保证其携带岩屑及维护孔壁稳定的功效,在坚硬的花岗岩层中如何提高钻进效率,实现高效钻进,钻遇破碎地层时如何维护孔壁稳定,实现护壁堵漏等问题,该文结合国内已施工的部分干热岩钻探工程,对国内干热岩钻探所采取的工艺技术进行了探索,研制了抗高温配方的钻井液,使用转盘回转+孔底动力钻具复合钻进,在钻井液中加入抗高温封堵剂,可有效提高干热岩钻探效率,以期促进干热岩钻探工艺技术的研究、应用和推广。     

新型两亲性低分子多胺页岩抑制剂的特性

为提高胺类抑制剂的抑制性和抗温性,优选一种新型两亲性低分子多胺BHTA,设计页岩滚动分散实验、抑制膨润土造浆实验、粒度分布测试评价抑制性能.结果表明:BHTA抑制性优于传统的无机盐类抑制剂KCl和国外聚胺产品Ultrahib,能有效抑制黏土水化膨胀和分散,耐温性优良,可用作泥页岩水化抑制剂.采用Zeta电位测试、红外光谱分析、改性膨润土吸水实验及X线衍射分析测试黏土层间距等,探讨BHTA的作用机理,表明BHTA主要通过质子化胺基与黏土颗粒的静电作用、氢键吸附在黏土表面,以静电吸附为主,通过疏水屏蔽作用发挥抑制作用;BHTA单层吸附进入黏土层间,能最大限度降低黏土水化层间距,破坏黏土水化结构.     

阳谷——茌平煤田上古生界生烃潜力研究——以聊页参1井为例

阳谷-茌平煤田是山东省晚古生代石炭-二叠纪地层保留较好的地区,发育有本溪组、太原组、山西组和残存的石盒子群,其中太原组和山西组沉积了厚度较大的暗色泥页岩。通过沉积环境分析和泥页岩发育厚度统计,认为山西组泥页岩主要发育在煤3以下,可与太原组泥页岩一起分析研究,太原组暗色泥页岩层段发育厚度占该组地层厚度的68.82%;山西组和太原组暗色泥页岩有机碳含量一般大于1.5%,以中等—极好烃源岩为主;有机质类型为生气型(Ⅲ型)干酪根,镜质体反射率一般在0.6%～1.5%之间,大部分处于成熟阶段。分析认为,山西组下部和太原组暗色泥页岩具备页岩气生成的沉积环境、物质基础、有机质类型和演化条件,明确了山西组下部和太原组暗色泥页岩是区内勘探的目标层位,为进一步工作提供了依据。     

Experimental study on low temperature performance of polymer drilling mud agents

Drilling fluid additives has a major impact on rheology behavior and other performances of the drilling fluid. The key to low temperature drilling fluids is choosing antifreeze and polymer agent which have a strong ability in resisting low temperature. On the basis of determining glycol as antifreeze agent, the low-temperature-performance and capacities of anti-collapse of regular validity mud agents have been studied, the mechanism of anti-caving of the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), polypropylene potassium (KPA) and PAC-141 polymer additives have been also analyzed. A pilot study of compatibility between ethylene glycol and the polymers has educed that the polymers, ethylene glycol and inorganic salt are compatible, and they can significantly reduce the freezing point of drilling fluid. Anti-collapse ability of the drilling mud is the results of synergistic action among the agents.     

实验尺度下钻井液在含水合物地层流动数值模拟

钻井实践表明,钻井液侵入会改变井壁围岩特性,例如岩石强度、孔隙压力等。在非常规的含水合物地层,钻井液侵入还可能诱发地层中水合物分解和再形成,从而对井壁稳定和测井解释产生影响。因此,研究钻井液在含水合物地层中侵入流动特性有非常重要的理论和实际应用价值。基于野外水合物储层的相关数据和室内实验模拟系统,采用数值模拟方法研究了实验尺度下钻井液在含水合物地层中的侵入流动规律及其对储层物性的影响。模拟结果可为后续实验模拟方案设计以及热开采研究提供一定的指导作用。      

含CaCl2水基聚合物钻井液沿井周地层渗透规律研究

利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（MICP）技术来提高油气井固井二界面胶结质量近年来受到了越来越多的重视。当前,针对3 000 m以浅油气井已实现了含成矿微生物的固井水泥浆技术。为了使固井水泥浆滤液中的成矿微生物在二界面处高效发挥MICP作用以提高二界面胶结质量,还需在钻井过程中利用钻井液携带CaCl₂的渗透向井周地层中预先注入一定量的钙源。因此,有必要研究含CaCl₂钻井液在井周地层的渗透规律,从而合理控制CaCl₂的注入量和钻井成本。基于此,以当前常用的环保水基聚合物钻井液为基本载体,综合考虑钻井液渗透时在井壁处泥饼动态形成机理、井周地层物性参数变化规律以及含CaCl₂水基聚合物钻井液流变性等因素,利用理论计算与模拟实验相结合的方法,建立了含CaCl₂水基聚合物钻井液滤液沿井周地层渗透量及渗透距离的定量预测模型。该预测模型的计算结果与模拟实验测试结果吻合程度较高,证实该预测模型具有较好的可靠性,有助于为钻井生产企业合理优化钻井液和固井水泥浆施工工艺提供理论支持。      

Experimental study on low temperature performance of polymer drilling mud agents

Drilling fluid additives has a major impact on rheology behavior and other performances of the drilling fluid. The key to low temperature drilling fluids is choosing antifreeze and polymer agent which have a strong ability in resisting low temperature. On the basis of determining glycol as antifreeze agent, the low-temperatureperformance and capacities of anti-collapse of regular validity mud agents have been studied, the mechanism of anti-caving of the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide （PHPA）, polypropylene potassium （KPA） and PAC-141 polymer additives have been also analyzed. A pilot study of compatibility between ethylene glycol and the polymers has educed that the polymers, ethylene glycol and inorganic salt are compatible, and they can significantly reduce the freezing point of drilling fluid. Anti-collapse ability of the drilling mud is the results of synergistic action among the agents.     

Experimenta l study on ultrasonic propagation in water-based bentonite slurry

Drilling fluid is a common flushingmedium used in pile foundation, geological drilling and petroleum drilling. Study on ultrasonic propagation properties in drilling fluid is of vital importance, not only for developing equipments to non-contact measuring concrete casting level for bored pile, but also for developing equipments considering drilling fluid as signal channel. The existence of clay particlesmakes the ultrasonic propagation and attenuation in drilling fluid much different from pure water. In order to know the relation among ultrasound frequency, slurry density and depth, a series of laboratory experiments about ultrasound propagation in water-based bentonite slurry were finished. Wavelet method was adopted to process the gained original waves of ultrasonic propagation in slurry, so we knew the velocity and attenuation coefficient of ultrasound propagated in different drilling fluids with different density. The first group experiments shows that with density of drilling fluid increase, ultrasonic velocity will decrease but attenuation coefficient will increase if ultrasonic frequency keep constant. The second group experiments shows that the power of ultrasound will intensify in small bore hole, the attenuation coefficient ismuch smaller than theoretical value.     

Leak-off mechanism and pressure prediction for shallow sediments in deepwater drilling

Deepwater sediments are prone to loss circulation in drilling due to a low overburden gradient. How to predict the magnitude of leak-off pressure more accurately is an important issue in the protection of drilling safety and the reduction of drilling cost in deep water. Starting from the mechanical properties of a shallow formation and based on the basic theory of rock-soil mechanics, the stress distribution around a borehole was analyzed. It was found that the rock or soil on a borehole is in the plastic yield state before the effective tensile stress is generated, and the effective tangential and vertical stresses increase as the drilling fluid density increases; thus, tensile failure will not occur on the borehole wall. Based on the results of stress calculation, two mechanisms and leak-off pressure prediction models for shallow sediments in deepwater drilling were put forward, and the calculated values of these models were compared with the measured value of shallow leak-off pressure in actual drilling. The results show that the MHPS (minimum horizontal principle stress) model and the FIF (fracturing in formation) model can predict the lower and upper limits of leak-off pressure. The PLC (permeable lost circulation) model can comprehensively analyze the factors influencing permeable leakage and provide a theoretical basis for leak-off prevention and plugging in deepwater drilling.     

Study on drilling mechanism and optimization of percussion-extruding DTH hammer bit

The authors tested the percussion-extruding Down-the-hole(DTH)hammer bit with five different structures and mainly analyzed the drilling mechanism between conical bit and stepped bit. In addition, aiming at "the pile effect" in combination with the advantage of stepped bit, we design a new cam spinning bit and test it outdoors. The result shows that using cam spinning bit can solve the problem of "the pile effect", which can also obtain higher drilling efficiency than using conical bit in high confining pressure strata. It is characterized by novel structure and high drilling speed as well as good guiding, and it is significant for improving efficiency in percussion-extruding drilling technique.     

基于非开挖泥浆性能检测系统与弱监督学习的地层岩性识别

针对非开挖工程工勘资料缺乏,掘进地层岩性难以判别的问题,提出一种基于非开挖泥浆性能检测与弱监督机器学习结合的典型非开挖地层岩性识别方法。结合自主设计研发的非开挖泥浆性能检测系统工程现场应用,获取非开挖掘进导向段泥浆流变性能参数和密度等敏感参数的训练样本。利用部分有标签数据与K近邻（K Nearest Neighbors,KNN）算法对所有泥浆参数训练样本进行特征标签,采用核函数映射到高维空间支持向量机（Support Vector Machines,SVM）进行分类处理,建立了以上海地区典型非开挖地层分类为目标的分类模型。将该地层识别模型应用于上海地区非开挖工程,验证其有效性。结果表明,该方法能在非开挖实时钻进条件下快速识别钻进地层,识别正确率高达96%。研究成果通过采集导向段泥浆性能参数,识别非开挖掘进段地层岩性,为非开挖扩孔阶段钻具选型、泥浆设计等提供了重要地质信息保障。      

石油开发污染物毒性监测的实验生物筛选Ⅰ:钻井泥浆对水生动物的毒性比较

用静水式试验方法评价和比较了两种钻井泥浆的水可溶部份对斑节对虾仔虾、罗氏沼虾仔虾、虾虎鱼和剑尾鱼等4种水生动物的急性毒性。结果表明：泥浆水溶性成分对班节对虾仔虾、罗氏沼虾仔虾、虾虎鱼和剑尾鱼的半数致死浓度均明显大于10000mg／L（1％）,但斑节对虾仔虾对泥浆水可溶性成份的敏感性高于其余3种动物,适于钻井泥浆毒性试验。可以认为在试验条件下两种泥浆是无急性毒性的物质,但由于泥浆组成的复杂性,综合评价泥浆对水环境的影响时,需探讨其对底栖生物的影响。