山东半岛蓝色经济区土壤地球化学基准值与背景值

山东半岛蓝色经济区土壤地球化学调查是按1km2采集1件表层土壤样品,4km2组合成1件分析样品,4km2采集1件深层土壤样品,16km2组合成1件分析样品,测试Ag,As,Au,B,Ba,Be,Bi,Br,C等54项指标。对这些指标的地球化学基准值和背景值进行研究,认为表层、深层土壤中除与金及多金属成矿作用有关的Ag,Au,Hg,Mo,S,Sb等元素和Cl,Br,I等卤族元素空间变异性大外,大部分元素分布均匀,且表层土壤与深层土壤元素分布具有相似性。统计了青岛、东营、烟台、潍坊、日照、威海等6市的土壤地球化学基准值和背景值,发现6市绝大部分元素基准值和背景值相对稳定,与半岛蓝色经济区基本一致,仅部分指标基准值和背景值变化较大;各市土壤地球化学基准值主要受地质背景控制,而土壤地球化学背景值主要受地质背景和后期人类活动等多层因素控制。     

山东省成武县土壤地球化学特征及土地质量现状

山东省成武县农业地质环境土壤地球化学调查是按浅层、深层土壤样品1点/4km2。测试N,P,K,Cu,Zn,B,Mo,Mn,F,As,Hg,Pb,Cr,Cd等14种指标。在统计这些指标的表层、深层土壤地球化学特征参数的基础上,对其与世界、全省同类参数的差异进行了分析,并分析了区内表层、深层土壤元素含量的相关性,认为该区表层土壤元素含量的显著特征是高F,Hg,Pb而低Mo;大部分元素在表层土壤中的含量继承了土壤母质的成分特征,但N,F,Hg,Pb等受人为活动和污染源的作用在表层土壤中明显富集。通过分析表层土壤营养元素有效量可知,P,K,Zn的有效量高;供肥能力强;而Mo,Cu,Mn明显偏低。利用易污染元素浅层土壤含量值,通过污染指数法,对全区土壤污染程度进行了评价;区内土壤无严重污染区存在,并且明显污染地段面积较小,呈零星分布,说明区内污染程度较轻。     

章丘大葱特征元素农业地球化学研究

以章丘大葱产区生态地球化学调查为基础,采集了表层土壤、大葱、根系土及出露的代表性岩石样品,实测了大量和微量营养元素的含量,查明了研究区土壤地球化学背景。通过计算大葱对土壤营养元素的吸收率及大葱品质与营养元素的相关性分析,查明了大葱生长的特征营养元素为N,K2O,Zn,B,P,Cu,Mn。在岩石-土壤-大葱这一生态体系中,营养元素在土壤中保持一定的储备和积累,为大葱的生长提供了有利的农业地球化学环境。     

山东乐陵河口地区土壤质量评价与地力提升技术研究

以全国土地污染防治项目取得地球化学资料为依据,分析研究乐陵河口地区土壤化学元素特征,结果表明：土壤中一级营养元素有机质、氮、磷相对缺乏,钾含量富足;二级营养元素氧化钙、氧化镁相对缺乏,硫含量富足;其他有益微量元素氧化铁、锰、钼和硼均相对缺乏,氯含量丰富,基本不缺。土壤地力提升的主要障碍因素是土壤盐渍化和土壤重金属污染。根据土壤综合肥力评价结果,结合基础调查成果,提出了通过科学施肥、土壤障碍消除和重金属污染修复等地力提升措施,增强土壤肥力,变中、低产田为中、高产田;兴利除害,抑制土壤重金属元素的活性,降低风险,为高效优质农业的规划与发展提供技术支撑。     

章丘地区土壤硒的含量分布及影响因素

以章丘地区土壤为对象,系统分析了表层、深层土壤及8条剖面土壤中Se元素的含量水平,研究了土壤中Se的分布特征及其与土壤类型、成土母质、地形地貌和土壤理化性质及组分的关系。结果表明：章丘地区表层土壤中Se含量在0.1～0.8mg/kg之间,以中硒土壤为主,富硒土壤面积173km2。土壤类型中,水稻土Se平均含量水平最高,为0.55mg/kg;成土母质中以石炭—二叠纪泥页岩发育的土壤Se含量最高;剖面土壤中的Se主要在表层富集。影响章丘地区土壤Se含量分布的主要因素是成土母质、地形地貌、土壤pH、有机质及土壤中硫、铁铝氧化物等组分。     

青州市表层土壤元素地球化学组合特征研究

聚类分析和因子分析可以获得土壤元素地球化学组合特征及其差异性。对青州市表层土壤样品数据进行分析研究,通过聚类分析,绘制表层土壤元素聚类谱系图,将23种元素或指标分为5个元素组合簇群及2个单元素簇,研究各元素间的组合特征,探讨其相关性、聚集性及其指示意义;通过因子分析,找出有代表性的因子,用其代表变量,绘制典型因子得分等值线图,并从中分析不同元素组合的区域分布基于何种因素,用11个代表性因子的分布特征就基本可以代表青州市表层土壤23项原始变量的分布特征,并对F1,F2,F3主因子进行了地质解释。聚类分析与因子分析相结合,利于表层土壤中元素的共生组合特征及其差异性研究,利于对研究区表层土壤异常进行归纳总结。     

高密市耕地表层土壤营养元素有效态地球化学特征

通过对高密市耕地表层土壤进行调查,获得了N,P,K,Cu,Zn,Mo,B等7种营养元素全量和有效量,以及pH值和有机质数据,采用数据统计、相关性分析、对比分析等方法,研究有效态地球化学特征及其受控因素。结果表明,元素全量对有效态具有直观制约影响,元素全量与其有效量均呈正相关,与P,K,Cu,Zn有效度呈正相关,表现为协同作用的有N全量对P有效量,P全量对K,Cu,Zn有效量,Cu全量对P,Zn有效量,Zn全量对P,Cu有效量,P全量对K有效量;酸性土壤能够提高N,P,Cu,Zn,Mo元素的生物有效性,碱性土壤能够提高B元素的生物有效性;有机质能够影响土壤营养元素活化,对有效量有一定的促进作用,有机质增加可以不同程度提高K,Zn,B元素的有效度,但会降低N元素的有效度;不同土壤类型的土壤理化性质有所不同,如土壤pH值和有机质的差异,是影响土壤营养元素有效态的重要因素。     

平阴县土壤地球化学基准值与背景值研究

平阴县土壤地球化学调查是按每1km^2采集1件表层样，4km^2组合成1件分析样，每4km2采集1件深层样，16km^2组合成1件分析样，分析测试Ag，As，Au，B，Ba，Be，Bi，Br，C，Cd，Ce，C1，Co，Cr，Cu，F等54元素或指标；统计了这些元素或指标的土壤地球化学基准值与背景值等参数；研究了区内土壤地球化学基准值、背景值与全国、黄河下游流域土壤及平原区、丘陵区土壤的差异；对比区内土壤地球化学基准值与背景值变化，认为区内大部分元素或指标在表层土壤中的含量继承了土壤母质，后期人类活动对其影响较小，但C，Cd，C1，Hg，P，N，S，Se，Corg等元素或指标在表层土壤中已明显富集，表明表生作用和人类活动等因素已对这些元素或指标的含量变化与分布分配产生明显影响。     

桓台县土壤地球化学背景值及分区特征

通过对桓台县域内表层土壤开展1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查与评价工作,统计了表层土壤地球化学参数,厘定了桓台县土壤地球化学背景值,并与山东省、淄博市元素平均值进行对比,发现土壤元素中Se、有机质、N,Zn,P,Hg,Cd,V,F,I含量明显偏高于山东省土壤均值;土壤元素中Se,I,P,N,Hg,Cd含量明显偏高于淄博市土壤均值;Se元素高于淄博市土壤均值。对表层土壤进行聚类分析和因子分析,根据聚类分析分组结果和各因子得分空间分布特征情况,结合研究区内土壤类型、地形地貌、土地利用方式的不同,综合考虑影响元素含量的各种因素,将研究区表层土壤分为5个地球化学分区,各分区元素组合特征不同。研究结果表明:土壤元素分布特征主要受控于地质背景,人类活动对土壤元素含量产生一定程度的影响。     

土地质量地球化学评价方法研究与应用——以山东省沂南县东部地区为例

为了查明土壤中有益、有害元素和污染指标的含量分布特征和质量等级,本文通过开展1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查,采集表层土壤样品4779件,分析测试了养分元素和环境元素指标,进行了土地质量地球化学评价和研究。结果表明,研究区表层土壤质量以优质、良好等级为主。沂河、汶河两河流域土壤肥力较好,西北部、中东部山区丘陵地区肥力相对差。土壤中的Mo、B、V元素以及有机质含量相对匮乏。区内土壤环境质量水平整体较好,重金属元素分布除受地质背景控制外,与研究区内矿山开采密切相关。在此基础上,进行土壤酸性缓冲能力预警和富硒农用地规划研究工作,为现代农业产业布局提供科学依据,助力乡村振兴战略。     

ADVANCES IN MEDICO-CHEMICAL GEOGRAPHY IN CHINA

We have made progress in medico-chemical geography as follows: the correlative law of organism with geochemical environment; the geochemico-ecological classification of chemical elements; the types of formative cause of biogeochemical provinces in China; the parabolic correlation between contents of iodine in drinking water and prevalence rate of endemic goiter; the discovery and proof of the low selenium zone in China; the successive discovery of endemic fluorosis of the types of pollution from burning coal, drinking high fluoride tea and high fluoride table salt from the year 1978; the study on chemical geography of schistosomiasis and the compilation of the Atlas of Endemic Diseases and Their Environments in the People's Republic of China.     

综合找矿方法在鲁西地区莱芜高家岭金矿勘查中的应用

高家岭金矿地处鲁西泰莱断陷与鲁村凹陷之间的隆起地带,矿体发育于铜冶店孙祖断裂上盘下接触面的构造蚀变带中,通过地质、物化探综合技术手段圈定了物化探异常,指导探矿工程的布设,进而发现高家岭金矿,矿体平均品位5.61×106,预测金矿金属量6788kg,达到中型矿床规模,取得了良好的找矿效果。区内综合找矿方法的应用对类似地区金矿的勘查具有借鉴意义。     

临沂市与江苏省四市保障用地做法对比分析

临沂市毗邻江苏省,前者是革命老区,经济欠发达城市,后者则是全国经济发展速度最快的省份之一.经济发展形势的差异使得二者在保障用地的措施做法上产生了差别.文章以江苏省徐州市、宿迁市、南通市和扬州市为例,重点分析了经济发展较快地区化解用地矛盾的做法,并与临沂市作了比较,借以提出了可供经济欠发达地区借鉴的保障发展用地的措施建议.     

山东省烟台市观水镇白垩纪基岩裂隙水供水可行性分析

近年来,由于地下水污染问题加剧,山东省烟台市观水镇生活用水矛盾日益突出,急需寻找优质地下水缓解当地居民用水问题。通过水文地质调查、地球物理勘探、实施探采结合井、抽水试验和水质化验等手段,初步查明了观水镇及附近区域的蓄水构造类型及赋存规律,圈定了优质地下水的富水地段,论证了白垩纪基岩裂隙水供水可行性,为政府相关部门决策、解决村民吃水问题提供科学建议。     

试述学校发展电化教育应注意的问题

随着信息社会的发展，新技术和新媒体的出现必然影响学校现代教育的发展。通过阐述发展学校电化教育的应注意的问题，探讨了解决问题的方法。     

Changes in the small-jellyfish community in recent decades in Jiaozhou Bay, China

We used long term monitoring data to evaluate changes in abundance and species dominance of small-jellyfish (collected with zooplankton net whose bell diameter was less than 5 cm) between 1991 and 2009 in the Jiaozhou Bay, China. Zooplankton samples were vertically towed with conical plankton net from near-bottom to surface, identified microscopically, and mapped in time-space using Grapher 7.0 and Surfer 8.0. Results show that the abundance of small-jellyfish throughout the bay had been increasing during 2001-2009 on average of 15.2 ind./m 3 , almost 5 times higher than that between 1991 and 2000. The occurrence of peak abundance shifted from spring to summer after 2000, and two peaks appeared in spring and summer, respectively, after 2005. Both the abundance and the frequency of blooms of small-jellyfish increased after 2000 in the bay. In addition, the biodiversity of jellyfish has increased significantly in recent years with a change in dominant species. Several new dominant species appeared after 2000, including Rathkae octopunctata in winter, Phialidium hemisphaericum in spring, summer, and autumn, Phialucium carolinae in spring, and Pleurobrachia globosa in summer and autumn, while some previous dominant species throughout the 1990s (Eirene ceylonensis, Zanclea costata, Lovenella assimilis, and Muggiaea atlantica) were no longer dominant after 2000. The abundance of small-jellyfish was positively correlated with the density of dinoflagellates, and the abundance of zooplankton. We believe that the changes in smalljellyfish abundance and species composition were the result of eutrophication, aquaculture and coastal construction activities around the bay. Concurrently, seawater warming and salinity decrease in recent decades promoted the growth and reproduction of small-jellyfish in the bay.     

东营郑南斜坡带砂砾岩体储层微观特征

东营凹陷郑南斜坡带砂砾岩体是古近纪沙四段沉积时期形成的以砂、砾岩为主的近岸水下扇沉积体。储集层岩石结构成熟度和成分成熟度均较低,多为双模态和复模态结构。首先对影响储集层岩石的主要成岩作用进行了描述,分析了该砂砾岩体储集层的孔隙类型和孔隙结构特征。该类砂砾岩体储集层孔隙类型多样,孔隙结构复杂,以中-低孔隙度、低渗透率储层类型为主。     

青岛市城中村土地征用(收)调查

随着全国大部分地区尤其是东部沿海区域城市化发展进入加速期,城区土地资源紧张问题愈发显现。同时城区内大片旧城区和城中村的改造,影响着城市化能否顺利实施,为了破解这一城市发展难题,青岛市国土部门创新思路,探索实施新的城中村土地征用(收)办法,全方位保障被拆迁群众的利益,推动了城市化的顺利实施,促进了社会的和谐和城市经济健康发展。     

山东威海滨海新城北部海域潮流数值模拟研究

山东省威海市滨海新城作为威海市的新行政中心,是威海市着力打造的宜居、宜业、宜游、宜学的现代化卓越新城。本文采用MIKE21FM平面二维数值模型研究威海市滨海新城北部海域的潮流场运动,并以分层流速流向实测资料对模型进行验证。结果表明,研究区潮流场流速和流向数值模拟结果与实测资料变化基本一致。     

Community Participation in Forest Resource Management in Nepal

Livelihood of the people in Nepal hills depends much upon forest resources in addition to farming as forest plays a critical role in the well being of the farming households where access to alternative sources, such as energy for cooking, nutrition for animals, materials for fertilizer and constructing materials for shelter, are limited. Thus, the well being of the people in the hills is directly affected by the management of these forest resources. This issue was addressed in this paper by examining the forest resource management practices and its effect on well being of rural people in two different stages in a village lying in the steep hill of Mahabharat Range in the southern hills of Kathmandu valley, Lalitpur District. The main ethnic/caste groups in the villageare Brahmin/Chhetri (high Hindu caste),Magar/Tamang (Tibeto Burmans) and Kami (occupational caste: cobbler). Currently there are four community forest users groups, with mixed ethnic membership, organized to manage the forest resources. The endowments, weak institutional settings, before 1990 helped the Bhramins, Magars and Tamangs to get access into the private forest endowment, which made them easy to get access to the forest resources, mainly fuel wood, fodder and timber in 1990 and enhanced their well beings. But the socially backward Kami could not get benefit from the institutions that existed during that time and had less chance to enhance their well beings. After the set up of different endowments during late 199os, i.e.,hand over of forest management to users groups in line with the concept of community forest,environment to use the forest resources became better for all the groups, along with the management of the forest. This enhanced the well beings of all the groups in the study village. However, the ability of Kami to use the forest resources to enhance their well beings was still lacking behind. The reason was partially due to the difference in endowments carried over from the endowments before 199o, and partly due to their occupational work and location of their settlements.