三维GIS及其在智慧城市中的应用

三维GIS是当今乃至未来GIS技术的主要标志性内容之一,它突破了空间信息在二维地图平面中单调表现的束缚,为各行各业以及人们的日常生活提供了更有效的辅助决策支持。本文重点介绍了三维GIS的数据模型、数据库管理和可视化分析等关键技术及其研究进展,并以武汉市为例展示了三维GIS对城市立体空间的整体表达,为大城市、全市域的三维数字城市建设奠定了基础,最后探讨了在智慧城市建设与城市安全中三维GIS将发挥日益重要的时空信息承载引擎与空间智能技术支撑作用。     

城市三维地质数据管理与服务系统框架研究

城市地质数据的数字化管理与服务是“数字城市“工程的重要内容,3D GIS将在未来的城市数字化建设中扮演核心角色.介绍了3D GIS的发展现状及应用前景,详细讨论了基于3D GIS构建的城市地质数据管理与服务系统的设计思路和结构功能.三维数据结构的研究是3D GIS的核心问题并成为当前制约3D GIS深入发展与应用的瓶颈,由于缺乏对三维地质数据进行有效管理与可视化表达的三维数据模型,当前GIS的三维地质建模能力与三维空间分析能力都极为薄弱.在分析城市三维地质数据多种建模方法的基础上,采用一种基于TIN和TEN的混合数据结构来构建城市地质数据建模系统.针对城市三维地质数据的特点,探讨了城市三维地质海量数据的采集与管理、城市三维地质数据信息的Web发布等重要问题,力求为系统功能的最终实现提供完整的解决方案.     

地理信息系统(GIS)在国土资源管理中的应用

地理信息系统(GIS)技术是近些年迅速发展起来的一门空间信息分析技术,在国土资源管理中的应用领域中,它发挥着技术先导的作用.GIS技术不仅可以有效地管理具有空间属性的各种资源环境信息,对国土资源管理和实践模式进行快速和重复的分析测试,进行科学和政策的标准评定,而且可以有效地对国土资源的状况及生产活动变化进行动态监测和分析比较,也可以将数据收集、空间分析和决策过程综合为一个共同的信息流,提高工作效率和经济效益,为解决国土资源问题及资源保障可持续发展提供技术支持.     

辽宁省地下空间利用情况分析

辽宁省地下空间主要利用方式 1.人防工程 目前,人防工程是辽宁省各城市对地下空间的最主要利用方式.人防工程是国防的重要组成部分,《中共中央、国务院、中央军委关于加强人民防空工作的决定》规定,“城市及城市规划区内的新建民用建筑,必须依法同步建设防空地下室.”由此可见,地下人防工程的建设是政策规定必须建设的.     

适应地理数据增量变化的B/S系统快速构建方法

随着智慧中国、智慧城市建设的不断推进,省级专题地图数据库的建立实现了地理信息资源以及专题数据的整合,在政府管理决策、产业发展、人民生活等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。针对省级专题地图数据库的数据量大、标准化程度低、变更频繁、用户多等特点,本文以安徽省专题地图数据库为例,基于Arc GIS Server与Arc GIS API for Flex的Web GIS框架,探讨了能够适应地理数据以及专题统计数据增量变化的B/S系统快速构建方法。     

GIS技术在环境资源工作中的应用与发展

地理信息系统(GIS)技术是近些年迅速发展起来的一门空间信息分析技术,在资源与环境应用领域中,发挥着技术先导的作用。GIS技术不仅可以有效地管理具有空间属性的各种资源环境信息,对资源环境管理和实践模式进行快速和重复的分析测试,便于制定决策、进行科学和政策的标准评价,而且可以有效地对多时期的资源环境状况及生产活动变化进行动态监测和分析比较,也可将数据收集、空间分析和决策过程综合为一个共同的信息流,明显地提高工作效率和经济效益,为解决资源环境问题及保障可持续发展提供技术支持。     

面向数字城市总体规划生态敏感信息图谱构建的GIS方法

生态空间控制是城市总体规划的重要内容,也是构建生态城市的必然要求;数字城市规划以空间信息技术应用与空间定量分析为突出特征,探讨生态敏感信息图谱构建的信息技术方法是数字城市总体规划需要开展研究的领域.以A市城市总体规划为例,探讨基于GIS空间分析技术的生态敏感信息图谱构建方法,包括基础数据处理、生态因子确定、评价方法选择、生态敏感性评价、信息图谱构建等几个方面.实践结果表明基于GIS的城市总体规划生态敏感信息图谱构建的技术方法是可行的,可以为数字城市总体规划方案的编制提供科学依据.     

基于GIS的城市建设用地节约集约利用评价系统研究

在我国工业化和城镇化建设不断加快的今天,如何兼顾好"保护资源"与"保障发展"的关系,提高城市土地节约集约水平,解决城市土地供求紧张的矛盾、促进发展经济方式转变和实现可持续发展,是摆在政府面前的严峻问题。本文将GIS技术应用于城市建设用地节约集约利用评价的过程中,探索利用GIS强大的空间数据组织、管理与分析功能,在遵循城市建设用地节约集约利用评价相关标准与规范的基础上,提高城市建设用地利用的数据管理和评价分析。同时,本文通过功能图块划分、海量数据管理与历史信息回溯,优化了评价过程,并有利于建立城市建设用地节约集约评价和监督的长效机制。最后,本文基于ArcGIS Engine和ArcGIS Server实现了地理空间化的西宁市城市建设用地节约集约利用的评价,结果表明,该系统的设计思路有助于提高评价效率、评价数据管理与成果管理。     

城市应急管理GIS模型与算法应用——以广州大学城为例

随着城市建设的快速发展,各类危及国家和人民群众生命财产安全的突发性事故灾害时有发生.因此,为应对城市各种重大突发事件,城市必须建立一种应急机制或综合的应急管理信息系统.管道分析是GIS技术在城市应急管理模型中的具体应用,利用城市应急管理系统对地下网管进行综合管理,可以将管线信息有序的存入计算机管理系统,实现数据的更新和资源共享.本文以广州大学城管道数据为数据研究基础,结合国内外管网数据模型,在先前开发完成的广州大学城可视化平台基础上加入横断面分析、垂距分析和爆管分析三个分析模块,对管网模型进行了算法改进并编程进行了技术实现,这三个功能模块可以直观地让管理员清晰地了解地下管线的走向和它们之间的空间关系,方便管理各种事务,防止和控制突发事件的发生,尽可能地减少灾害的影响范围.这三个功能可以应用于管道设计、铺设、维修等工作,对社会的经济发展和建设起着保障的作用.     

POI辅助下的高分辨率遥感影像城市建筑物功能分类研究

城市建筑物是城市的重要组成部分,对城市建筑物进行功能分类可以为城市功能区划分提供有利依据,辅助政府部门对城市规划、土地利用、资源、人口等方面的分布与分配进行管理与决策,有助于推进城镇化建设的可持续发展。仅利用目前的遥感分类技术难以对高分辨率遥感影像的城市建筑物信息进行功能分类,然而将遥感、互联网兴趣点（Point of Interest, POI）数据以及GIS技术有效地结合在一起,可以更为细致地分析城市信息,不仅实现了建筑物功能分类,而且提高了分类的准确率与可信度。本文首先选取卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Networks, CNN）方法对高分辨率遥感影像数据进行建筑物提取;然后,对POI数据的城市商服、公建和住宅用地进行核密度分析;最后分别统计每个建筑物3种用地的核密度平均值,并将该值设置为此建筑物的属性值,并结合POI数据的实际情况选择具有最佳功能分类精度的属性值作为阈值提取3种用地信息,从而完成不同功能的城市建筑物分类。精度评价结果表明,该方法对3种用地的提取效果良好,分类精度达到86%以上。     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose     

JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA

<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail     

Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo-     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied