综合地球物理方法在浅地表高阻采空区探测中的应用

某建筑用地位于原瓦庄煤矿矿界范围内,场地及周边曾进行过多期次的煤矿资源开采活动,形成诸多煤矿采空区,且有一封闭的瓦庄煤矿斜井待探查。通过现场踏勘、资料收集、分析及研究,采用高密度电阻率法和地质雷达综合地球物理方法对采空区进行勘察,重点探测废弃巷道的位置、埋深及走向等信息。根据探测目的要求,设计高密度测线2条、雷达测线6条,分别采用频率为100MHz和40MHz雷达天线进行现场探测,获取了地下0~30.0m深度范围的地质信息,查明了废弃巷道的分布范围、埋深及走向,后经钻探验证,采空区特征参数准确。本次探测成果为未来进行浅地表非积水高阻采空区的探查提供了基本思路与技术方法,同时也为后续场地稳定性及建筑适宜性评价提供了基础资料。     

平邑磨坊沟金矿床矿物包裹体特征及与成矿阶段的关系

对磨坊沟金矿床流体包裹体进行了测试研究 ,结果表明主要成矿阶段的温度为 1 2 0～360℃ ,包裹体盐度在 0 .35 %～ 2 0 .6%之间 ,压力在 1 .73× 1 0 5～ 44.1 8× 1 0 5Pa之间 ,密度为0 .80～ 1 .0 9g/cm3。推测该矿床形成深度为 5 0 0～ 1 0 0 0m ,成矿流体来源于岩浆水和大气降水。     

基于CPML边界条件的水下地质雷达数值模拟

水下的地质雷达探测与常规的地质雷达探测具有显著的不同点。文中对CPML吸收边界条件的公式进行推导,并通过数值模拟对均匀介质以及非均匀介质中吸收边界条件的吸收效果进行了验证,数值模拟的波场快照证明了CPML吸收边界条件在水下的地质雷达数值模拟中具有很好的吸收效果。通过对水平层状介质模型以及倾斜层状介质模型开展数值模拟,并结合实际探测的雷达图像,证明地质雷达对于水下地层的探测能够取得良好的效果;通过对空洞体位于不同深度时的数值模拟,证明了地质雷达对于水下的空洞探测也能对其位置及规模进行较为准确的判断。这为水下地质灾害的探测提供了理论依据及指导。     

2000年5～7月北太平洋海域水温分布及柔鱼渔场研究

对 2 0 0 0年 5～ 7月北太平洋中东部海域鱿钓探捕调查所获的不同深度海水温度和柔鱼渔获量等资料进行分析 ,结果表明在西经调查水域的 1 74°W和 1 71°W附近 ,1 0 0m ,2 0 0m和 3 0 0m水温分布均形成明显的暖水舌 ,其特征水温依次为 1 0～ 1 1℃ ,9～ 1 0°C及 8～ 9°C ;在东经调查水域 ,表层以下各层水温较往年有所偏低 1～ 2度。分析结果还表明 ,西经调查水域的中心渔场均处在暖水舌前锋一侧 ,中心渔场形成的水温指标为 :表层 1 3～ 1 4°C ,1 0 0m水层 1 0～ 1 1°C、2 0 0m水层 9～ 1 0°C及 3 0 0m水层 8～ 9°C ;在东经调查水域 ,调查期间没有形成中心渔场 ,这可能与深层水温偏低有关     

简讯

胶南 市于 4月 2 9日成功举行 2 0 0 2年度第一次国有土地使用权拍卖会。这次国有土地使用权拍卖会 ,共拍卖土地面积 15 .33公顷 ,拍卖总额达到85 6 0万元 ,超出起拍价 5 46 0万元。其中 ,最火爆的地块位于旧城区的北侧 ,面积 0 .198公顷 ,起拍价 6 0万元 ,最终由樱珠山房地产开发有限公司以 6 40万元夺得该宗土地的使用权 ,是起拍价的 10倍多 ,每公顷均价达到 14 .33万元。(胶州市国土资源局 )　胶州 市国土资源局执法监察大队会同有关乡镇 ,对该市采砂场点进行了拉网式清理 ,共依法取缔采砂场点 2 4处 ,查封采砂机械 9台 ,抽砂船 5只 ,拆…     

新疆木垒县喀拉沙特金矿地质特征及成因

喀拉沙特金矿产于构造破碎蚀变带中。通过普查工作共圈定2个金矿体和1个金矿化体,I号金矿体产状25。＜84。,长80m,水平厚度0．12～2．40m,倾向延深111．40m。品位1．63×10“～2．98×10－^6,平均品位1．62×10一^6。Ⅱ号金矿体产状168。么82。,长80m,水平厚度0．80～1．02m,平均厚度0．91m,倾向延深115．27m,品位1．72X10一^6～4．44×10一^6,平均品位2．83X10一^6。通过对矿床地质特征的研究,认为该矿床属沉积一变质型金矿床。     

泰安市岩溶塌陷特征及探测方法研究

泰安市岩溶塌陷点主要集中在城区水源地与旧县水源地,对当地居民生产生活造成严重影响,急需查明已知塌陷点范围及隐伏溶洞位置,进行针对性治理。本文通过应用地质雷达、高密度电法与浅层地震,对已知土洞、隐伏溶洞及已知塌陷点进行探测,对东羊娄村与羊西村探测异常进行钻探验证,结果吻合较好。经分析研究认为:地质雷达能较好地分辨浅部土洞的位置;浅层地震探测深度较大,可以较准确地分辨覆盖层厚度与隐伏溶洞的空间位置,但对浅层土洞的分辨率较低;浅层土洞与隐伏溶洞在高密度电法电阻率断面图上有明显的反映,其分辨率不如地质雷达与浅层地震。根据不同物探方法的优点,结合研究区地质情况,提出了综合物探方法探测隐伏岩溶的最优化方案,以供参考。     

中国大陆和香港高程基准面重力位差的测定

根据海面地形与高程基准的定义 ,利用全球重力场模型EGM96及GPS水准数据计算了香港主要高程基准面与黄海 195 6高程基准面的重力位差 ,实现了两个高程基准的统一。计算结果表明两个基准面的重力位差为( 8.36 6± 0 .76 5 )ms-2 ,相当于香港主要高程基准面低于黄海 195 6高程基准面 ( 0 .85 5± 0 .0 78)m ,由此推算两个高程基准点 (验潮站 )处的海面倾斜为香港高于青岛 0 .4 4m (相对于历元 1994 .9) ,这些结果与水准联测及海面地形研究成果一致。     

基于TREC的临近预报

基于雷达数据的风暴体识别、追踪及预警方法是最早出现的临近预报技术,也是天气雷达系统和强天气预警业务的基本组成部分.如何准确而快速地发布强对流风暴预警一直是气象工作者关注的重要课题.针对目前天气雷达探测强风暴方法在实际应用中存在的问题,提出了利用单CAPPI资料进行深度优先搜索,从而进行强风暴的识别;利用TREC算法匹配两时刻的风暴单体;根据风暴在过去两时刻的中心位置线性外推从而预报下一时刻风暴的位置.结果表明能较好地识别、追踪和警戒强对流性天气.     

山东省东平县大洪顶山地区岩溶洞穴景观资源评价

东平县大洪顶山岩溶地貌类型属岩溶山地地貌单元,山坡顶部及陡峭坡段岩石裸露,岩溶裂隙发育,岩体切割破碎,边坡陡立。区内岩溶洞穴发育,岩溶景观资源众多。目前已发现的溶洞有6处,大洪顶山南坡3处,北坡3处,溶洞口出露位置呈NWW向展布,北部九仙洞已探测长度1 862 m,南部神仙洞已探测长度2 052.50 m,溶洞内岩溶景观发育不均匀,发育有石笋、石钟乳、石幔、石帽、边石等。区内岩溶洞穴发育规模宏大,景观资源丰富,属鲁西地区发育规模最大的溶洞,在北方地区具代表性、典型性、稀有性,属我国北方地区不可多得的地质自然遗产,具有良好的开发前景及旅游价值。     

Measurements of ocean wave and current field using dual polarized X-band radar

A new ocean wave and sea surface current monitoring system with horizontally-(HH) and vertically-(VV) polarized X-band radar was developed. Two experiments into the use of the radar system were carried out at two sites, respectively, for calibration process in Zhangzi Island of the Yellow Sea, and for validation in the Yellow Sea and South China Sea. Ocean wave parameters and sea surface current velocities were retrieved from the dual polarized radar image sequences based on an inverse method. The results obtained from dual-polarized radar data sets acquired in Zhangzi Island are compared with those from an ocean directional buoy. The results show that ocean wave parameters and sea surface current velocities retrieved from radar image sets are in a good agreement with those observed by the buoy. In particular, it has been found that the vertically-polarized radar is better than the horizontally-polarized radar in retrieving ocean wave parameters, especially in detecting the significant wave height below 1.0 m.     

A new model to estimate significant wave heights with ERS-1/2 scatterometer data

A new model is proposed to estimate the significant wave heights with ERS-1/2 scatterometer data. The results show that the relationship between wave parameters and radar backscattering cross section is similar to that between wind and the radar backscattering cross section. Therefore, the relationship between significant wave height and the radar backscattering cross section is established with a neural network algorithm, which is, if the average wave period is ≤7s, the root mean square of significant wave...     

Modeling vertical heat transport in the wave affected surface layer of the ocean

In considering the vertical heat transport problems in the upper ocean, the flat upper boundary approximation for the free surface and the horizontal homogenous hypothesis are usually applied. However, due to the existence of the wave motion, the application of this approximation may result in some errors to the solar irradiation since it decays quickly in respect to the actual thickness of the water layer below the surface; on the other hand, due to the fluctuation of the water layer depth, it is improper to neglect the effects of the horizontal advection and turbulent diffusion since they also contribute to the vertical heat transport. A new model is constructed in this study to reflect these effects. The corresponding numerical simulations show that the wave motion may remarkably accelerate the vertical heat transferring process and the variation of the temperature in the wave affected layer appears in an oscillating manner. Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No. 2006AA09A309); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20070411111) and the Fund of Shandong Province for the Excellent Post-Doctors (No. 200603056)     

复频探地雷达在未爆弹探测中的应用

使用搭载200&400 MHz复合天线的LTD系列探地雷达,对埋设的未爆弹进行探测试验,并运用克希霍夫积分偏移法及三维插值算法对探地雷达数据进行三维成像。试验结果能准确地反映出浅埋未爆弹的位置信息,可指导排爆人员进行精确的开挖及排除。     

Measurements of sea ice thickness and its subice morphology analysis using ice-penetration radar in the Arctic Ocean

1　IntroductionSeaice ,asanimportantcomponentoftheArcticclimatesystem ,hasdrawnsignifi cantscientificinterest.Seaicethicknessanditsmorphologyhavedramaticimpactsono cean atmosphere iceinteractions(Wadhams 1 994;Barryetal.1 993 ;Dickson 1 999;PadhamsandNorman 2 0 0 0 ) ,whichdirectlyaffecttheexchangeprocessandspeedofheatandmassbetweentheoceanandtheatmosphere ,dominatethephysicalmechanicsfea turesofseaice ,andaffecttheseaicemovement&deformationaswellasicefreezing&meltingprocess(Hollandetal.1 99…     

Elimination of the impact of vessels on ocean wave height inversion with X-band wave monitoring radar

Directional wave spectra and integrated wave parameters can be derived from X-band radar sea surface images.A vessel on the sea surface has a significant influence on wave parameter inversions that can be seen as intensive backscatter speckles in X-band wave monitoring radar sea surface images.A novel algorithm to eliminate the interference of vessels in ocean wave height inversions from X-band wave monitoring radar is proposed.This algorithm is based on the characteristics of the interference.The principal components(PCs) of a sea surface image sequence are extracted using empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis.The standard deviation of the PCs is then used to identify vessel interference within the image sequence.To mitigate the interference,a suppression method based on a frequency domain geometric model is applied.The algorithm framework has been applied to OSMAR-X,a wave monitoring system developed by Wuhan University,based on nautical X-band radar.Several sea surface images captured on vessels by OSMAR-X are processed using the method proposed in this paper.Inversion schemes are validated by comparisons with data from in situ wave buoys.The root-mean-square error between the significant wave heights(SWH) retrieved from original interference radar images and those measured by the buoy is reduced by 0.25 m.The determinations of surface gravity wave parameters,in particular SWH,confirm the applicability of the proposed method.     

Wave steepness retrieved from scatterometer data in a genetic algorithm

Wave steepness is an important characteristic of a high sea state, and is widely applied on wave propagations at ports, ships, offshore platforms, and CO2 circulation in the ocean. Obtaining wave steepness is a difficult task that depends heavily on theoretical research on wavelength distribution and direct observations. Development of remote-sensing techniques provides new opportunities to study wave steepness. At present, two formulas are proposed to estimate wave steepness from QuikSCAT and ERS-1/2 scatterometer data. We found that wave steepness retrieving is not affected by radar band, and polarization method, and that relationship of wave steepness with radar backscattering cross section is similar to that with wind. Therefore, we adopted and modified a genetic algorithm for relating wave steepness with radar backscattering cross section. Results show that the root-mean-square error of the wave steepness retrieved is 0.005 in two cases from ERS-1/2 scatterometer data and from QuikSCAT scatterometer data.     

Analysis of Wave Distributions Using the WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ Model in the Arctic Ocean

In this work, we examined long-term wave distributions using a third-generation numerical wave model called WAVE- WATCH-Ⅲ(WW3) (version 6.07). We also evaluated the influence of sea ice on wave simulation by using eight parametric switches. To select a suitable ice-wave parameterization, we validated the simulations from the WW3 model in March, May, September, and December 2017 against the measurements from the Jason-2 altimeter at latitudes of up to 60?N. Generally, all parameterizations ex-hibited slight differences, i.e., about 0.6 m root mean square error (RMSE) of significant wave height (SWH) in May and September and about 0.9 m RMSE for the freezing months of March and December. The comparison of the results with the SWH from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for December 2017 indicated that switch IC4_M1 performed most effec-tively (0.68 m RMSE) at high latitudes (60?– 80?N). Given this finding, we analyzed the long-term wave distributions in 1999 – 2018 on the basis of switch IC4_M1. Although the seasonal variability of the simulated SWH was of two types, i.e., 'U' and 'sin' modes, our results proved that fetch expansion prompted the wave growth. Moreover, the interannual variability of the specific regions in the 'U' mode was found to be correlated with the decade variability of wind in the Arctic Ocean.     

Subsurface target recognition in Utopia Planitia of Mars by Tianwen-1 FP-SPR simulation

As a cold and dry planet, Mars contains water resources in the form of water ice, so that the electromagnetic waves can be transmitted to the deep underground to get the information of the topography and subsurface geological structure. Subsurface penetrating radar(SPR) can be widely used in deep space exploration for a long time because of its non-destructive detection mode and its working characteristics not limited by visible light. It is an important type of equipment for detecting the subsurface structure of planets. Orbiter radar is mainly used in Mars exploration. However, because of its low resolution, it is difficult to describe the near surface structure, so there is a lack of radar data which can reflect the shallow information. In this paper, a three-dimensional near surface model of Utopia Planitia on Mars is established. In order to make the simulation results more reasonable, the key factors such as topographic relief, subsurface rocks and water ice, and the variation of dielectric constant in different layers are taken into account. Then the full polarization forward modeling is carried out by using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. The acquired full polarimetric subsurface penetrating radar(FP-SPR) data with noise is preprocessed and further processed by Pauli decomposition. The underground reflection can be picked up more clearly from the Pauli decomposition results. This work is helpful to identify more details of subsurface structures and provides a reference for the measured data in the future.