Comparative study on Chinese urban agglomeration districts

The formation and development of urban agglomeration districts are the inevitable trend of modern urban evolution. Owing to the differences of formation background, urbanized way and process of different cities in the world, the feature and formation mechanism of urban agglomeration districts in the world present obvious spatial differences. The paper inquires into the structure feature, formation mechanism and development trend of different kinds of Chinese urban agglomeration districts by studying four big urban agglomeration districts: Jing-Jin-Tang (Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan), the middle and south of Liaoning, Hu-Ning-Hang (Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou), and Zhujiang River delta. The paper wants to promote the formation and development of theory and practice system of Chinese urban agglomeration districts.     

Factors affecting formation and development of the urban industrial district in China — A case study on caohejing hi-tech park in Shanghai

In China, the urban industrial district is usually an organic concentrated district including many factories that are in big, middle or small size, and are coordinated in the process of production, or use infrastructure in common. The formation and development of the urban industrial district in China are affected by not only general factors such as natural factor, transportation factor, labour factor, ecologic factor, but also special factors such as agglomeration factor, technologic factor and social factor. To the district’s formation, both the social factors and natural factors are important, especially the attitude the government have towards the district and the regional natural condition. But the agglomeration, market and transportation costs here are not as important as those in the traditional Industrial Location Theory. Now we must pay great attention to these three factors owing to the new economic conditions in China. In the development of the district, the main factors are technology and agglomeration. This indicates that the technologic factor is gradually the essential condition in the development of the district. Besides, we must also know the affection of the ecologic factor in the development of the district. According to the reality of Caohejing district, this paper gives every factor mark in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). With the result of the AHP, some suggestions have been put forward to Caohejing Hi-Tech Park and other urban industrial districts as well.     

Eco-spatial Structure of Urban Agglomeration

In terms of ecological theory, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the mutualism and co- evolutionary mechanism between the eco-spatial structure and socio-economic development of the urban agglomeration, and maps out optimized modes of the eco-spatial structure of the urban agglomeration. The analysis is a case study of the urban agglomeration on different levels of global, national, provincial and local scales, on the basis of those conclusions are drawn: 1) Within the scope of the urban agglomeration, the cities should be reasonably sized and appropriately densified; the spatial combination of the urban agglomeration ought to be orderly, and its eco-spatial structure ought to be optimized and efficient; the relationship between the economic society and eco-spatial environment ought to be that of mutual benefit and co-evolution. 2) “The mode of corridor group network” is a certain trend evoked from the spatial structure of urban agglomeration. 3) The eco-spatial structure of urban agglomeration under “the mode of corridor group network” can further increase the environmental capacity of urban agglomeration, and is in favor of the harmonious relationship between man and nature.     

FORMATION MECHANISM AND SPATIAL PATTERN OF URBAN AGGLOMERATION IN CENTRAL JILIN OF CHINA

1 INTRODUCTION Urban agglomeration researches originated from the concern about the city cluster in the developed areas of western countries. The modern researches have been extended to the specific areas. HALL (2001) summa- rized the generality and difference of urban metropoli- tans in Europe, and analyzed the spatial structure of dif- ferent areas. NAUDE and KRUGELL (2003) analyzed the spatial development of urban agglomeration in South Africa, and thought that the size of the p…     

成长型城市群产业生态化时空演化特征及其影响因素——以山东半岛城市群为例

该文以山东半岛城市群作为研究对象,构建产业生态化综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法与主成分分析方法,探讨了山东半岛城市群产业生态化总体水平的时空分异特征及影响因素。结果表明:2004—2016年,山东半岛城市群产业生态化呈现上升趋势,山东半岛城市群产业生态化发展水平不断提高;山东半岛城市群产业生态化空间分异现象显著,形成了以济南和青岛为核心的两极化发展特征;山东半岛城市群产业生态化发展水平的区域化现象愈加明显,呈现出NE—SW走向的不均衡发展;山东半岛城市群产业生态化发展影响因素为区域经济发展水平、政府监管水平、外资利用差异以及区域科学技术差异。     

Regional structure and spatial morphology characteristics of oasis urban agglomeration in arid area —A case of urban agglomeration in northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, Northwest China

It is great important to the health development of urban agglomeration to correctly understand the formation and development law of regional structure of urban agglomeration. Employing the analysis methods like fractal theory and quantitative statistics, coupling with the use of remote sensing images and other spatial data, this article discusses the urban agglomeration of oasis on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in an arid area, and conducts the researches on its city scale, spatial distribution and individual form from 1990 to 2005. The result shows that it has loose hierarchical scale structure and polarization trend of population distribution while its hierarchical scale structure tends to mature. Under the influence of natural conditions, the spatial layout of urban agglomeration of oasis has macro characteristics that suggest cities distributed along oasis edges (dense or sparse), spatially expand along rivers, and cluster around traffic branches. The connectivity among the cities is high and shows an internal organization form of a banding distribution. The whole spatial shape of the internal structure of cities presents a “dumbbell” form, with mononuclear phenomenon receding and multi-nuclear appearing gradually. Individual cities spatially expand along rivers, portraying a long strip appearance. It indicates that the urban agglomeration of oasis shows regular and close structure but with a tendency to be complicated form and the loose structure. In the development of urban agglomeration, the authors recommend that the development of the city with good economic development conditions should be strengthened, and more attention be put into regional planning.     

GROWTH OF NEW DESIGNATED CITIES IN CHINA

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NEW PATTERNS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

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广佛都市区道路网络与城镇建设用地间的影响分析

采用1957与1982年的地形图和1995与2008年两时相的卫星影像提取城镇建设用地信息,运用ArcGIS建立广佛都市区路网与建设用地数据库.采用相关性分析方法,定量地分析广佛都市区道路密度与建设用地之间的影响.结果表明,道路密度和城镇建设用地比重两个变量系数之间呈高度的线性正相关关系,不同年份区镇的道路密度与城镇建...     

整合DMSP/OLS和NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光遥感数据的长江三角洲城市格局时空演化研究

本文基于1992—2012年DMSP/OLS和2012—2018年NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光遥感数据,对长江三角洲城市群时空演化格局进行监测。考虑到不同卫星夜间灯光遥感数据之间的不一致性以及城市核心区亮度过饱和问题,对DMSP/OLS和NPP/VIIRS数据进行连续性校正、去饱和处理和一致性校正,构建长江三角洲区域1992—2018年长时间序列多源夜间灯光遥感数据集。利用二分法基于该数据逐年提取长江三角洲城市群各城市建成区空间分布,计算加权标准差椭圆和Zipf系数进行重心变化和方向性分布变化、规模体系变化等监测。结果表明： ① 本研究采用的连续性校正、去饱和处理和一致性校正方法能够构建稳定的长时间序列多源夜间灯光遥感数据集; ② 基于二分法提取的建成区面积平均绝对误差为6.85 km²,平均相对误差为8.10%; ③ 长三角城市群重心较为稳定,始终在苏州市境内的太湖沿岸附近,呈现出向东南方向移动的趋势城市群呈西北—东南方向分布,且分布方向有向南北方向转动的趋势,标准差椭圆的扁率持续减小,表明城市群的方向性分布减弱; ④ Zipf系数始终在1附近且呈缓慢降低的趋势,城市规模分布较为均衡。     

STUDY ON ECOLOGICAL SPACE OF URBAN AGGLOMERATION—Taking Wuxi City as an Example

From the angle of ecology, urban agglomeration presents relevant types of landscape structure, which in-clude Patch, Corridor and Matrix. There are different landscape features and different problems in different developmentphases. This paper has put forward five basic conditions for security pattern of landscape ecology of urban agglomeration,described quantitatively the features for landscape ecology in Wuxi, and analyzed ecological background of spatial expan-sion and spatial organization of urban development in Wuxi. From the angle of ecological land use and non-ecological landuse, the paper has analyzed the features of land use and ecological distribution of land in the urban area. The spatial mod-el of cities and towns in Wuxi is composed of one metropolis, two urban zones and three development axes. This thesishas planned preliminarily ecological protection network at four levels in the urban region according to four layers. At last,combining landscape ecology with urban space, a tentative security pattern of landscape ecology has been planned in Wux-i, namely Source-Buffer Zone and Metropolis, Radiating Routes and Expansion Direction of City, Strategic Point and Interac-tion between Cities and Towns, Inter-Source Linkage-Corridor of a Stable Landscape Structure.     

成渝城市群(四川)经济发展水平评价与分析

以行政区视角和空间视角,从地理国情监测数据集中提取统计指标的空间载体,对该区域的经济发展从经济发展强度、经济发展结构、投资效益水平和市场化水平等四方面进行了量化和评价,结果准确地反映了区域经济发展水平。在行政区视角,可以较好地实现区域间的横向比较;而在空间视角,可以准确地把握微观差异和空间的集聚效应,明确进一步提升区域内经济发展的空间实施路径。     

“一联三生”体系下粤港澳大湾区智慧城市群的构建

自1978年以来,我国城镇化经历了外延粗放扩张式的快速发展模式,不具有可持续性。城市群作为推进后城镇化发展阶段的主体形态,其智慧化建设成为重要的研究内容。但智慧城市群建设如果缺乏理论指导,会陷入一定的盲目性。因此,本文力图通过对城市的“智慧”和城市群的空间概念体系的本质认知,构建“互联互通、生产、生活、生态”（简称为“一联三生”）体系下的智慧城市群理论框架。结果表明：① 智慧城市与智慧城市群的建设需要“命运共同体”的灵魂引领。在对心理学领域“智慧”充分认知的基础上,提出“以人为本的自主调节”的智慧城市灵魂。自主调节包括实时的智慧感知、智慧评估和智慧优化;② “一联三生”构成城市群空间概念体系,包含“一联”和“三生”等4个主题内容;③ 实现“一联三生”的智慧感知、智慧评估和智慧优化是智慧城市群构建的核心内容。结合粤港澳大湾区实际,提出了粤港澳大湾区智慧城市群的建设目标与内容,并探讨了地理空间信息在粤港澳大湾区智慧城市群建设中的支撑作用,为我国智慧城市群的框架构建提供理论参考。     

基于支持向量机的京津冀城市群热环境时空形态模拟

城市群热环境作为区域生态重要组成部分,已成为近年来的研究热点。而如何选择针对城市群这种复杂地地貌特征的热环境量化工具一直是亟待解决的技术难点,基于此本研究提出了一种解决多样本、非线性、非平稳及高维函数拟合的计算方法,并建立了基于支持向量机(SVM)的京津冀城市群热环境曲面模型来揭示城市群热环境的时空形态变化。研究结果表明：① SVM模型在刻画多核心、多种土地利用类型城市群热环境的空间分布方面具有理论与实践可行性,能够根据热环境的整体空间布局通过高斯核函数进行局部优化差值,最大限度减少缺省值对模型拟合结果的影响。相比于对照方法可以模拟出更高精度的复杂地貌特征城市群热岛空间分布格局;② 在SVM模型曲面拟合的过程中,拟合精度和拟合时间是衡量拟合结果的重要指标,而原始影像的分辨率则是影响该指标的决定性因素;③ 2003-2013年区域内北京市与天津市的城市热岛效应变化最为明显,热岛面积分别增加7091 km²与4196 km²,空间上呈现出逐年接近连片发展趋势,热岛重心移动轨迹具有明显的时空分异性。北京城市热岛特征为东南部地区异速增长,西部地区缓慢增长;天津城市热岛特征为以城市中心为圆心向周围扩展。本研究进一步丰富了城市群热环境评测的定量方法,可以在实践上对城市群的城市规划、城市建设、环境保护和区域可持续发展等提供定量化、可视化的决策支持。     

Field Modeling Method for Identifying Urban Sphere of Influence： A Case Study on Central China

With rapid development of urbanization and regional interaction and interdependence, regional urban agglomeration planning becomes more and more important in China, in order to promote integrated development of various cities with close interrelationship. However, it is still arguable academically on how to define the boundary or which cities to be included for the urban agglomeration of a region. This paper aims to shed lights on how to identify urban spheres of influence scientifically by introducing field modeling method and by practicing a case study on 168 cities in Central China. In our field modeling method, the influence intensities of cities were measured by a comprehensive index and urban spheres of influence were represented spatially by field intensity. Then, their classification and spatial distribution characteristics of study area in 2007 were identified and explored by using GIS and statistical methods. The result showed that: 1) Wuhan is the absolute dominant city in Central China; 2) the provincial capital cities dominate their own provinces and there are no other lower grade agglomeration centers; and 3) the basic types of organization form of urban sphere of influence are single-polar type, agglomeration type, close-related group type and loose-related group type.     

中国城市群臭氧污染时空分布研究

随着中国城市建设进程的加快,中国的臭氧（O₃）污染逐渐受到重视。城市群是人口大国城镇化的主要空间载体,是城镇化的主体形态。截至2017年3月底,国务院共先后批复了6个国家级城市群,并提出要优化提升东部地区城市群,培育发展中西部地区城市群。另外,新的城市规模划分标准以城区常住人口为统计口径,将城市划分为5类7档。为了研究中国O₃污染的时空分布特征以及O₃污染与城市群之间的关系,利用地理探测器（Geographical detector）和演化树模型对2014年6月到2017年5月共36个月的O₃监测数据进行时空分析。结果表明：中国O₃污染水平呈现上升趋势,并在2017年迅速增长,O₃已成为仅次于PM_2.5的第二大污染因子,且与PM_2.5在时间上呈“交错污染”的态势;O₃污染超标城市绝大多数集中在城市群区域,其中长江三角洲城市群、京津冀城市群、山东半岛城市群和中原城市群相对突出;O₃和PM_2.5均不超标的城市主要集中在北部湾城市群和海峡西岸城市群;城市群中人口规模大的城市O₃污染较为严重。     

青藏高原城镇体系的时空演变

城镇体系的形成和发育对区域城镇化进程及社会经济发展起着至关重要的作用,并对生态环境产生重要影响。青藏高原特殊的地理环境与相对落后的社会经济基础,导致城镇体系不甚健全。目前国内外相关研究薄弱,不利于国家生态安全屏障建设及青藏高原可持续发展。为此,本文以建制镇以上的镇区和城市市区为研究对象,结合统计数据与遥感数据,借助GIS空间分析方法对青藏高原1990-2015年城镇体系的空间结构和规模结构进行时空演变格局分析,并采用重心移动模型揭示了青藏高原城镇人口规模和用地规模重心的迁移规律。结果表明：青藏高原城镇空间分布总体呈现出“东南密集、西北稀疏”、“大分散、小集聚”的格局;城镇分布在时间上具有阶段性增长特征且总体趋于集聚,在空间上不均衡程度呈上升趋势但2005年后明显减缓;虽然建制镇数量大幅增长,但96.88%的城镇规模在5万人以下,大中小城市发育不足;城镇人口规模重心呈现“先向西南,再向东北,又向西南”的移动轨迹;城镇用地规模重心呈现“先向东南,再向西北,再向东北”的迁移趋势。本文研究了青藏高原城镇体系的规模结构及其时空演变特征,为青藏高原新型城镇化及城镇空间格局优化提供基础依据;提出了资料缺乏和统计口径不一致的条件下城镇规模的合理估算方法,对我国城镇化相关研究具有一定的参考价值。     

EVOLVEMENT OF URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE AND MAIN DRIVES IN WUXI, CHINA

1IN TR O D U C TIO NC hina, as a developing country, is experiencing rapidpopulation grow th and land expansion,w hich has gen-erated considerable governm entalconcernsand scholar-ly attention (FA ZA L,2000).R esearchers have revealeda m assive increase i…     

近21 a来京津冀城市发展空间特征及其与宏观地貌的关系分析

基于全国1:100万数字地貌数据库和1992-2012年的DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据,从城市重心迁移变化、城市内部变异度和城市相对发展速率3方面,对近21 a来京津冀城市发展的空间特征,以及不同宏观地貌下城市发展的差异性进行了对比分析。结果表明：1992-2012年京津冀重心迁移方向大致经历西南-东北-西南3个阶段,不同城市重心迁移的轨迹和方向不同;京津冀整体发展水平不断提高,各城市间的差距呈减小趋势;不同地貌类型城市,其城市内部各辖区间的差异随时间变化的规律不同,平原型城市基本稳定不变,山地-平原型或平原-山地型城市有所下降,山地型城市各辖区间的差异随时间大幅减小;山地型城市相比其他地貌类型城市,城市重心偏移明显,城市整体发展水平较低。最后讨论了长时间序列下,城市发展与地貌间存在关联性。     

商圈功能多样性对其活力的影响研究

探究功能多样性如何影响商圈活力,可为城市用地功能结构优化调整和商圈功能改造提供理论支撑,进而促进城市混合功能有序开发、提升城市活力。已有关于功能多样性与活力的研究,大多集中在城市、街道活力等方面,对于商圈活力研究很少涉及,且大多利用单一的熵指数反映功能多样性。在利用夜光数据对活力的研究中,大多选取城市或更大区域尺度作为研究单元,无法精准地从多角度、多层面理解功能多样性与城市内部活力的关系。因此,本文以广州市主城区为例,以商圈作为基本研究单元,融合城市设施兴趣点（Point of Interest, POI）和珞珈一号夜间灯光数据,利用希尔数模型从多维视角测度商圈功能多样性特征,并以此来探究其与商圈活力的定量化关系。主要结论如下：① 仅用熵指数来反映多样性是不足的,其与商圈活力在0.1的显著性水平下无相关性,需结合希尔数多样性指数从多视角度量商圈功能多样性,以弥补单一熵指数测度方法的不足;② 广州商圈功能丰富度指数与其活力净相关系数为0.382,提高功能丰富度以增加商圈各功能间互补性、异质性或混合性,从而具备足够的功能多样性,促进各类功能间的协同与竞争,形成良好的兼容性混合,以更好的满足多数人的消费需求,激发商圈活力;③ 广州商圈规模效应与其活力净相关系数为0.507,对比大于集聚效应的0.371,表明广州商圈发展遵循新经济地理学的规模报酬递增规律,即商圈规模越大对于提升商圈活力的效用越大,而商圈功能集聚度对于提升商圈活力的效用相对较小。