华北地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度及其地球动力学意义北大核心CSCD

以EIGEN-6C4模型布格重力异常数据、V19.1地形数据和CRUST1.0模型地壳数据为基础,采用导纳法和相关函数法联合反演,计算华北地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度(T_(e))。结果表明,华北地区T_(e)值的分布存在明显的横向不均匀性,西部鄂尔多斯地块为高值区,T_(e)厚度约为30~60 km;中部华北平原为低值区,T_(e)厚度约为5~25 km;鲁东黄海地块为中、高值区,T_(e)厚度约为20~50 km。华北克拉通高T_(e)值区与稳定的鄂尔多斯地块相对应,中、低T_(e)值区则对应构造相对活跃的太行山构造带和郯庐断裂带。从T_(e)值与地表热流的关系来看,高T_(e)值区一般对应低热流值区,而低T_(e)值区一般热流值也较高,这与岩石圈厚度和地表热流的一般分布规律一致。从T_(e)与地震的空间分布来看,华北地区的地震活动主要集中在中、低T_(e)值区,表明T_(e)较低的地区稳定性较差,可能更有利于地震的孕育和发生。     

安徽及周边地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度研究

基于EIGEN-6C4重力异常和ETOPO1地形数据,采用基于fan小波的相关性分析方法计算安徽及周边地区较高分辨率的各向同性岩石圈有效弹性厚度Te（effective elastic thickness）,结合区域地质构造和地球动力学背景进行讨论。结果表明,研究区Te处于5~75 km之间,大别造山带和下扬子地区为Te低值区,郯庐断裂两侧Te值相对较低,河淮盆地和苏北盆地Te值较高,Te分布反映了区域特定地质构造特征和地球动力学背景;地震活动主要分布在10~50 km Te值范围内,集中在Te低值区和Te值陡变带,表明相关区域岩石圈抵抗形变能力较弱,易于发生地震。     

天山地区均衡剩余地形特征及其地质意义

新生代印度板块持续碰撞和俯冲欧亚大陆的远端效应,波及整个天山地区,强烈改造了天山及相邻块体的岩石圈结构。为了更好地研究天山地区的岩石圈演化和形变过程,本文首先采用联合重力和地震数据反演方法,获得研究区岩石圈密度异常结构,然后考虑有效弹性厚度的横向变化计算研究区均衡剩余地形。结果表明,均衡剩余地形幅值在-1.6～0.9 km之间,且与各构造单元具有良好的对应性。天山各段的均衡剩余地形呈现不同的分布特征,中部为较高幅值的负值,指示剧烈增厚的下地壳;西部为较低幅值的负值,可能与软流圈上涌有关;东部为较低幅值的正值,表明岩石圈形变以地表抬升为主。     

中国东北地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度及构造涵义研究

基于WGM2012布格重力异常数据,获取中国东北地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度T_e分布。采用小波多尺度分解方法,反演区域不同深度地质体横向差异。结合地震重点监视地区(依舒断裂带北段地区、扎兰屯地区、长白山地区)地震活动特征,分析岩石圈深部构造与地震活动之间的关系。结果表明,依舒断裂带北段地区T_e约为15.5 km,岩石抗变形能力较弱,浅部密度横向差异较明显,震源深度较浅;扎兰屯地区T_e约为24.5 km,岩石抗变形能力较强,深部密度横向差异较大,震源深度较深;长白山地区T_e约为11.5 km,受西太平洋板块俯冲作用下的热地幔动力作用,地震活动相对较活跃。     

地热学岩石圈厚度计算方法综述

地热学岩石圈厚度体现了长时间尺度上的岩石圈热学作用,可以反映地球深部动力学过程。介绍了地热学岩石圈厚度的计算方法,探讨了这种方法的参数选取和影响因素,并对比了地热学岩石圈厚度与其他类型岩石圈厚度的差异及其原因。结果表明:地热学岩石圈厚度的计算结果受地壳分层结构、岩石生热率、岩石热导率以及地表热流的影响;地质历史时期内的地壳分层结构要结合岩石学、岩石地球化学等领域最新研究成果得出;地表热流较低(42mW·m-2)时,岩石圈地幔生热率对计算结果的影响非常显著,岩石圈地幔生热率变化0.02μW·m-3,地热学岩石圈厚度计算结果最高变化40km,岩石圈地幔热导率每变化0.2W·(m·K)-1,地热学岩石圈厚度变化15km;地表热流为60mW·m-2时,岩石圈地幔生热率每变化0.02μW·m-3,地热学岩石圈厚度变化3km,岩石圈地幔热导率每变化0.2W·(m·K)-1,地热学岩石圈厚度变化5km;地表热流增高1mW·m-2,地热学岩石圈厚度约增加3km;地热学岩石圈厚度与岩石学、地震学岩石圈厚度略有差异,其差异取决于流变边界层的厚度。     

大陆岩石圈强度研究

岩石圈强度或有效弹性厚度(Te)控制着岩石圈对长期负载的响应及其演化过程和空间构型,包含丰富的地球动力学信息,对解译地壳、岩石圈乃至地幔介质的力学性质和动力学过程及机理具有重要的科学意义。本文拟回顾从均衡概念的提出至今关于岩石圈强度研究的发展历程,重点从历史角度梳理岩石圈强度研究的沿革脉络、各种方法发展的逻辑关联,并对岩石圈强度与壳幔耦合、岩石圈有效弹性厚度与地震孕震层厚度的关系以及岩石圈有效弹性厚度各向异性等问题进行初步探讨。     

用相关技术计算大陆岩石圈有效弹性厚度

介绍了大陆岩石圈有效弹性厚度(Te)的概念和计算Te常用的相关技术的计算公式。通过对黑水-泉州地学断面Te的计算,论述了用相关技术计算Te的方法及计算流程。     

甘肃青海部分地区流动地磁场时空分布特征

2021-05～2022-01青海地区陆续发生玛多M_S7.4、德令哈M_S5.8和门源M_S6.9地震。为深入探究上述地震的震磁关系,利用2019～2021年流动地磁场三分量矢量数据,探讨区域基本磁场与岩石圈磁场的时空分布特征及岩石圈磁场各分量年变与该区域中强地震的关系。研究发现,3期区域基本磁场的时空分布相似。震前最近一期岩石圈磁场资料显示,震中位置H矢量幅值弱变、方向偏转;震中位置与D、I、F、Z分量零值线的距离在200 km以内,玛多M_S7.4、门源M_S6.9地震震中位置与Z分量零值线的距离仅为5 km、20 km。此外,部分岩石圈磁场分量在2次强震前1 a呈现明显异常。     

汶川地震震后余滑和震后粘弹性松弛数值模拟分析

采用2010~2015年汶川地区GNSS震后形变资料,利用有限元法建立三维震后粘弹性松弛模型,通过二维格网搜索获得龙门山断裂带上盘最佳弹性层厚度和中下地壳最佳粘滞系数,并分析汶川地震震后2~7 a粘弹性松弛影响下的震后形变特征;然后采用2008~2009年GNSS震后形变资料,根据最佳参数建立粘弹性松弛与余滑组合模型,并与单一余滑模型进行对比,分析汶川地震震后1 a内的形变特征。研究结果表明,根据模拟值计算得到青藏高原东部弹性层的最佳厚度为25 km,中下地壳的最佳粘滞系数为4.0×10¹⁸ Pa·s;震后1 a内组合模型的拟合效果优于单一余滑模型,其中余滑形变占主要成分。     

山东省平度—莱西地区透辉石矿矿床地质特征

平度—莱西地区透辉石矿成矿带西起平度长乐镇东至莱西市南墅镇,全长约50km,宽约5km,总体分布方向近EW向.矿体控制长度为510～1873.5m,厚度为45.72～67.59m,最大延伸约200m.矿石矿物透辉石含量一般为80％～98％.有害组分Fe2O3含量一般为0.22％～0.31％,MnO+TiO2含量一般为0...     

Sediment compaction and pore pressure prediction in deepwater basin of the South China Sea: Estimation from ODP and IODP drilling well data

Overpressure in deepwater basins not only causes serious soft sediment deformation, but also significantly affects the safety of drilling operations. Therefore, prediction of overpressure in sediments has become an important task in deepwater oil exploration and development. In this study, we analyze the drilling data from ODP Leg 184 Sites 1144, 1146, and 1148, and IODP Leg 349 Sites U1431, U1432, U1433, and U1435 to study the sediment compaction and controls in the northern South China Sea. Sedimentation rate, sediment content, distribution area, and buried depth are the factors that influence sediment compaction in the deepwater basin of the South China Sea. Among these factors, the sediment content is the most important. The fitted normal compacted coefficients and mudline porosity for an interval of 50 m shows disciplinary variation versus depth. The pore pressure predicted from different fitted results shows varying overpressure situations. The normal compaction trend from Site 1144 reflects the porosity variation trend in stable deposition basins in the northern South China Sea. The predicted pore pressure shows overpressure at Site 1144, which is attributed to compaction disequilibrium. Nevertheless, the mixed lithology column may influence the predicted over-pressure at Site 1148, which is responsible for the confusing result. Above all, we find that sediment compaction should serve as a proxy for pore pressure in the deepwater basin of the South China Sea.     

南海历史地理争端空间分布与关联性研究

南海占我国海洋国土的2/3,不仅是中国国家安全的天然屏障和重要的出海口与战略通道,而且是我国未来重要的能源接续区与资源基地、地缘政治经济问题的多发区。对南海争端发展态势进行空间分布与关联性GIS分析,是重要的辅助决策支持。结果表明：（1）文献研究和网络爬虫等方法可以快速有效地获取南海争端历史地理数据,GIS技术能够对南海争端历史地理数据进行时空变化的深入分析;（2）就争端事件的时间分布而言,事件数量随时间推进呈现显著增长,个别发生重大南海争端事件的年份出现突增的现象;（3）就争端事件的空间分布而言,与越南及菲律宾相关的南海争端事件尤甚,其他周边国家则相对较少,这主要源于越菲两国的战略利益与南海所在区域交叠,使得越菲不断挑起事端;（4）越南、菲律宾与马来西亚等国的利益诉求区主要位于南沙群岛,各国诉求区分布明确,局部交错。网络GIS技术丰富了历史地理研究的途径,为其提供了新的思路和方法。     

Estimation of potential distribution of gas hydrate in the northern South China Sea

Gas hydrate research has significant importance for securing world energy resources, and has the potential to produce considerable economic benefits. Previous studies have shown that the South China Sea is an area that harbors gas hydrates. However, there is a lack of systematic investigations and understanding on the distribution of gas hydrate throughout the region. In this paper, we applied mineral resource quantitative assessment techniques to forecast and estimate the potential distribution of gas hydrate resources in the northern South China Sea. However, current hydrate samples from the South China Sea are too few to produce models of occurrences. Thus, according to similarity and contrast principles of mineral outputs, we can use a similar hydrate-mining environment with sufficient gas hydrate data as a testing ground for modeling northern South China Sea gas hydrate conditions. We selected the Gulf of Mexico, which has extensively studied gas hydrates, to develop predictive models of gas hydrate distributions, and to test errors in the model. Then, we compared the existing northern South China Sea hydrate-mining data with the Gulf of Mexico characteristics, and collated the relevant data into the model. Subsequently, we applied the model to the northern South China Sea to obtain the potential gas hydrate distribution of the area, and to identify significant exploration targets. Finally, we evaluated the reliability of the predicted results. The south seabed area of Taiwan Bank is recommended as a priority exploration target. The Zhujiang Mouth, Southeast Hainan, and Southwest Taiwan Basins, including the South Bijia Basin, also are recommended as exploration target areas. In addition, the method in this paper can provide a useful predictive approach for gas hydrate resource assessment, which gives a scientific basis for construction and implementation of long-term planning for gas hydrate exploration and general exploitation of the seabed of China.     

Petroleum geological framework and hydrocarbon potential in the Yellow Sea

Sedimentary basins in the Yellow Sea can be grouped tectonically into the North Yellow Sea Basin (NYSB), the northern basin of the South Yellow Sea (SYSNB) and the southern basin of the South Yellow Sea (SYSSB). The NYSB is connected to Anju Basin to the east. The SYSSB extends to Subei Basin to the west. The acoustic basement of basins in the North Yellow Sea and South Yellow Sea is disparate, having different stratigraphic evolution and oil accumulation features, even though they have been under the same stress regime since the Late Triassic. The acoustic basement of the NYSB features China-Korea Platform crystalline rocks, whereas those in the SYSNB and SYSSB are of the Paleozoic Yangtze Platform sedimentary layers or metamorphic rocks. Since the Late Mesozoic terrestrial strata in the eastern of the NYSB (West Korea Bay Basin) were discovered having industrial hydrocarbon accumulation, the oil potential in the Mesozoic strata in the west depression of the basin could be promising, although the petroleum exploration in the South Yellow Sea has made no break-through yet. New deep reflection data and several drilling wells have indicated the source rock of the Mesozoic in the basins of South Yellow Sea, and the Paleozoic platform marine facies in the SYSSB and Central Rise could be the other hosts of oil or natural gas. The Mesozoic hydrocarbon could be found in the Mesozoic of the foredeep basin in the SYSNB that bears potential hydrocarbon in thick Cretaceous strata, and so does the SYSSB where the same petroleum system exists to that of oil-bearing Subei Basin.     

南海区域商船典型空间分布及贸易流向研究

随着中国对外开放的深入以及“一带一路”倡议的推进,南海战略地位更加显著。如何科学监管南海船舶,维护国家权益,促进地区之间贸易也成为摆在政府部门面前的难题。在本文中利用南海区域2015年的卫星AIS数据与船舶数据档案资料,通过计算南海水域船舶交通密度分析主要航路,与关键门线船舶流量计算相结合,明确船舶典型空间分布;同时基于4种类型船舶的主要航路的选择,明确南海货物贸易主要流向。研究成果表明：① 船舶空间分布在《世界大洋航路》的推荐航线上,南海的建设开发并未影响船舶的贸易运输;② 贸易运输以跨越南海的长距离运输为主,珠三角作为主要航路的重要端点表明中国在南海贸易的优势地位。     

南海区域渔船活动时空特征分析

近年来海洋资源的不断开发利用,使得海洋空间规划变得尤为重要,其中以渔业资源占主要比重。为了对渔业资源监测与规划提供辅助决策信息,本文通过对南海及周边国家2018年船舶自动识别系统（AIS）数据进行预处理,采用数理统计和GIS空间分析方法,实现了南海区域渔船活动强度时空特征分析。结果显示： ① 2018年南海及周边国家渔船以区域性分布为主,集中在中国和越南沿海岸100 km以内区域,在秋季11月捕捞活动频繁,全年渔船平均活动强度白天大于夜晚,16:00 PM 时达到最大渔船活动强度; ② 中国在广东省、广西省和海南省各主要港口渔船活动强度呈现聚集性点状分布,渔船活动强度多大于100,部分港口附近海域呈条带状分布,西沙群岛相较南海其他群岛渔船活动强度较大,除越南外其他周边国家靠近南海附近海域部分海湾和港口有聚集式分布,渔船活动强度都小于2; ③ 越南渔船区域性分布明显,在胡志明港口呈现稳定的块状聚集性分布,且一年四季活动强度变化趋势不大,近岸渔船活动强度保持在50~100,越南渔船在中国南海禁渔线内靠近海南省西南部有两处活动较强的块状分布区域,2018年全年在此区域活动频率占采样天数的87.71%,且平均每小时有7~10艘渔船在该海域活动,休渔期内平均每小时渔船数量大于5,给中国南海海域渔业资源造成巨大威胁。本文通过AIS数据研究分析渔船活动可为海洋空间规划与政府相关部门提供数据支撑。     

南海西南次海盆V型尖端地壳岩石圈最终裂解的特征及过程

为了明确南海西南次海盆V型尖端地壳岩石圈发生最终裂解的特征及其演化过程,通过精细的构造解释、断层活动性定量分析、不同构造演化阶段盆地原型分析、沉降速率分析、沉降史模拟等方法综合分析表明,南海西南次海盆V型尖端临界破裂区为远端带和洋陆转换带构成的地壳岩石圈强烈伸展区,依据地壳岩石圈几何形态,该区域可进一步划分为箱型域和楔型域。楔型域内盆地原型可划分为断陷盆地（Tb-SD）、拆离盆地（SD-PD）和拗陷盆地（PD-Bi）;箱型域在古新世-渐新世（Tb-SD）盆地原型为断陷盆地,之后该区域进入被动沉降期。新生代以来,南海西南次海盆V型尖端在构造演化过程中,盆地沉降中心由陆向洋方向逐渐迁移,岩浆作用在断拗转换幕发育最强烈,致使岩石圈地壳最终发生裂解。区域资料对比分析表明,南海西南次海盆V型尖端在不同构造带内,盆地构造-地层格架具有差异性,且南海西南次海盆V型尖端经历"双拆离作用"后地壳发生破裂,岩浆侵入,形成原洋洋壳。该认识对南海西南部深水盆地内油气勘探具有重大指示意义。      

南海周边国家的海洋划界立法与实践

介绍了南海周边国家根据1982年《联合国海洋法公约》精神颁布的海洋法律,并叙述了这些国家的管辖区域主张以及与海洋划界有关的领海基线和基点等方面的问题。指出:南海周边国家之间若要划出专属经济区和大陆架边界线,包括我国在内的所有周边国家政府都应当修正不适宜的划界主张,并在划界原则、理论和方法上趋向一致,为早日划好边界,促进南海地区的经济发展和和平稳定而努力。     

On the winter circulation of the northern South China Sea and its relation to the large scale oceanic current

The nonwind-driven mechanism of the winter circulation in the northern South China Sea is discussed. Linked by the Bashi Strait to the Pacific Ocean, the northern South Cnina Sea is treated as a part of the Pacific western boundary where the circulation variation (except the very thin surface layer) is closely related to that of the ocean interior and the effect of local wind might be neglected (at least for some seasons). Based on the assumption that the thick and strong westward current which flows in through the Bashi Strait can effectively prevent water exchange between the northern and southern South China Seas, the model sea only includes the northern part. Barotropic numerical experiments show that part of this westward current is deflected by the continental slope and forms the slope area NE current—the South China Sea Warm Current. Besides, the topographical flow fed by the extension of the western boundary current and the anticyclonic eddy born near the eastern boundary are also fundamental components of the South China Sea Warm Current. The reflection of the incident Rossby waves by the continental slope is found to be of significance in the intensification of the South China Sea Warm Current. Contribution No. 1362 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia