未来的理想燃料——氢

氢是所有元素中重量最轻的元素，宇宙中所有元素都与氢有联系。氢的燃烧值特别高，将氢气冷却到-252．72℃以下，再加上压力，氢气就不再是气体，而变成无色的液体——液态氢。液态氢燃烧时产生的热量，每千克高达28900千卡，是汽油燃烧值3倍，在所有的矿物、生物和化工燃料中居于榜首（除核燃料）。     

河南省地勘二院在登封找到一中型煤矿床

近日，河南省地勘二院在登封郭沟查明一中型煤矿床，初步查明资源储量为8458万吨，为特低硫、低磷、低中灰、高热值的无烟煤，可作为动力用煤和民用燃料。     

煤的形成过程

煤，早在800年前就被广泛用作工业生产的燃料，推动了当时工业的向前发展，随之发展起煤炭、钢铁、化工、采矿、冶金等工业。煤在地球上的储量丰富，除了作为燃料以取得热量和动能以外，更为重要的是从中制取冶金用的焦炭和制取人造石油，即煤的低温干馏的液体产品——煤焦油。经过化学加工，从煤炭中能制造出成千上万种化学产品，所以它又是一种非常重要的化工原料，我国相当多的中、小氮肥厂都以煤炭作原料生产化肥。煤也被人们誉为“黑色的金子”。     

生态足迹模型在武城县环境友好型土地利用模式建设中的应用

应用生态足迹模型，对武城县2005年的生态足迹进行了计算，得出武城县人均生态足迹是1．66hm^2／人，可利用的全县人均生态承载力为0．54hm^2／人，全县人均生态赤字为1．12hm^2／人，远高于全国平均水平。全县生态赤字最多的是草地，然后依次是化石燃料用地、耕地、建设用地、林地，这表明武城县对自然环境的影响已经大大地超出了生态环境承载力。人们对生活环境要求的提高，以及工业的飞速发展对化石燃料消耗和耕地占用的急剧增加是产生生态赤字的主要原因。     

鲁奇管壳型合成塔合成燃料甲醇的数学模型

采用单速率模型建立了鲁奇（ｌｕｒｇｉ）管壳型合成塔合成燃料甲醇的数学模型，并对影响数学模型一些主要因素进行了模拟计算及讨论，得出了鲁奇管壳型合成塔适用于合成燃料甲醇的生产工艺条件。     

南海南部盆地烃源岩特征及其对含油气性的影响

我国南海油气资源丰富，研究南海烃源岩的倾油倾气性对于南海油气勘探方向的选择至关重要。曾母盆地和文莱－沙巴盆地是南海南部勘探程度最高、油气资源最为丰富的盆地，二 者 相 邻，但含油气性却差异巨大。在深入收集研究区及周边基础资料的基础上，从古气候、古植被、沉积环境、水动力、沉积相带、烃源岩生烃潜力等方面对比了曾母盆地与文莱－沙巴盆地存在的异同，解 释 了２个相邻盆地含油气性差异巨大的根本原因。研 究结果表明:①红树林来源的富氢有机质是曾母盆地与文莱－沙巴盆地海陆过渡相烃源岩生油能力强的根本原因。 ②沉积环境与水动力控制２个盆地烃源岩富氢有机质的富集程度。在 曾 母 盆 地，建设型河控三角洲有利于煤系烃源岩的发育，富氢有机质高度富集，而文莱－沙巴盆地则发育破坏型浪控三角洲，有利于泥质烃源岩发育，富氢有机质较为富集。③富氢陆源有机质富集程度控制了油气分布。曾母盆地中的东巴林坚凹陷与文莱－沙巴盆地富氢陆源有机质富集，以生油为主，油气比相当，曾母盆地中的南康台地离岸较远，富氢有机质含量大幅度降低，以产气为主。研究结果对南海中南部油气勘探区带优选和部署决策具有重要的指导意义。      

神形酷肖的浙东竹根雕

浙江东部，气候温和，雨量丰沛。这里的群山众谷。到处都是成片成片的苍翠毛竹林。每当秋冬之季，山农们砍伐掉冬竹后，山坡上便留下了一个个又长又大的毛竹根。毛竹质地紧密而坚韧，周围丛生着密密的须根，以前是农家的燃料，然而，在独具慧眼的竹雕艺人手中，却能化为一件件精美的艺术品。     

翼城县南头煤矿煤层与煤质特征分析

分析了山西省翼城县南头煤矿煤田地质特征,并对该煤层特征、煤质特征进行了详细的描述。研究结果认为,南头煤矿发育2号、9+10号可采煤层,其中太原组9+10号煤层稳定,平均厚度较大,全区可采,山西组2号煤层局部可采。煤质方面,2号煤为中灰分、特低磷、特低硫、特高热值贫煤,可作为动力用煤及民用燃料;9+10号煤层为低灰—中灰、特低磷、高硫、特高热值无烟煤(WY3),可作为动力用煤及民用燃料。     

氢的储存与运输

开发氢能还存在一个难题，就是氢气的储存，它直接影响到氢能的应用。怎样用经济可行的方法将氢约束，为人类服务，下面简述几种储存氢的方法。     

高科技救急“能源危机”

由于地球上蕴藏的煤炭和石油等燃料日益减少，能源如今成为人们最关切的问题之一。现在，各国科学家都在采取各种措施开辟新能源，其中包括太阳能、地热能、风能、海洋能以及生物能源等绿色能源，可谓使出浑身解数。这其中，美国正着手一场“能源复兴运动”，其中有八个方案可能使人耳目一新。     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose     

JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA

<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail     

Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo-     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a