共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 515 毫秒
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激光雷达技术(LiDAR)已广泛应用于数字高程模型(DEM)的快速获取和三维城市模型的建立中,但仍有许多不足之处,需要做更深入的研究。本文介绍了一种新的建筑物提取方法,称之为Fc-S法。该方法首先利用等高线特征进行滤波,从LIDAR数据内插的数字表面模型(DSM)中提取出DEM,利用DSM与DEM的高差阈值和DSM边缘特征参数去掉地面点和汽车等矮小物体,获得主要包含植被和建筑物的地物点群,然后对地物点群进行分割,利用二次梯度和面积等参数去掉植被点,并采用迭代逼近的方法精化建筑物。文章通过实验对所提方法进行验证,并借助高分辨率的航空影像对建筑物提取结果进行评估,评估结果表明该方法能够在地形起伏的区域中较准确地提取出建筑物。 相似文献
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基于LIDAR数据的建筑物轮廓提取 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
建筑物轮廓的准确提取是建筑物三维重建中最重要的一步。本文在研究已有建筑物轮廓提取方法的基础上,针对LIDAR离散的点云数据,提出了一种自动快速提取建筑物轮廓信息的方法。首先通过点云数据生成城市的数字表面模型(DSM)和数字地面模型(DTM)相减计算得出规则化的数字表面模型(nDSM),进而将地面点和非地面点进行分类;其次,考虑到地物的几何特性,提出一种8邻域搜索的方法对非地面点点云进行分割,得到建筑物表面点云;最后运用基于梯度图的边界跟踪的方法来获取建筑物的轮廓信息。实验表明:该方法能有效地提取建筑物轮廓。 相似文献
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城区LiDAR点云数据的树木提取 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
机载激光扫描(LiDAR)可以快速获取地球数字表面模型.提出一种适合复杂城市环境的机载激光扫描数据提取树木的算法:首先对DDAR数据滤波生成DTM,提取地物点;然后对地物点进行区域增长运算,使用面积阚值滤出大的区域;再计算出LiDAR数据点的梯度值,根据梯度阈值分离出树木点;最后结合梯度阈值分割和区域增长分割的结果实现树木点的最终提取.实验结果表明,使用新算法在城区环境中能从LiDAR数据中较好地提取出树木,城区树木提取率达到85.4%,提取正确率为86.1%. 相似文献
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基于虚拟网格与改进坡度滤波算法的机载LIDAR数据滤波 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
提出了一种基于虚拟网格与改进坡度滤波算法的机载LIDAR数据滤波方法.该算法将虚拟网格的概念用于LIDAR滤波,避免了LIDAR点云内插或者平滑造成的信息损失.基于虚拟网格生成的初始表面模型是一个规则网格,在初始表面模型上进行地面点的选取,可以极大地提高运算效率.在改进的坡度滤波算法中,提出了4个坡度阈值,克服了经典坡度滤波算法在地形急剧变化的地方可能发生的错误.实验结果表明,该算法可以提取出大多数地面点,生成比较精确的DEM,证明了该算法的可行性. 相似文献
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基于多分辨率方向预测的LIDAR点云滤波方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了快速提取LIDAR点云中的地面点,生成高精度的DTM,提出了一种基于多分辨率方向预测的LIDAR点云滤波方法。该方法首先构建多种分辨率数据集,然后基于方向预测法以分辨率由低到高的顺序逐层进行数据集的平滑处理,最后以最高分辨率数据集的平滑结果为基准标记原始LIDAR点云。本方法通过分析反距离权重插值模型的不足,利用改进的模型进行裸露地面点的插值,得到高精度的DTM。实验表明,本文方法能有效地滤除地物,并保持原有的地形特征,算法效率高,具有一定的实用价值。 相似文献
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一种保护细节的从机载激光点云中提取城区DTM的方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
机载激光测距数据是机载激光扫描测距系统获取的三维地面信息,它由离散、不规则的点云构成,这些点云构成了测区的数字表面模型(DSM).准确地将点云中的地面点和非地面点分离,即从DSM中提取数字地面模型(DTM),目前仍是一项挑战性的工作.数学形态学以集合论为基础,适合信号形态分析和描述.应用形态学灰值开运算可以移除点云中的非地面点,但是逐渐增大的结构元素会导致提取的DTM过于平坦.针对过度过滤导致地形细节丢失问题,提出了一种带有约束条件的过滤方法,该方法根据地形起伏程度设定阈值,通过阈值控制运算结果,并以中国自主研制的机载激光扫描测距系统所产生的数据为例,证明该方法的可行性及有效性. 相似文献
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LIDAR Data Filtering and DTM Interpolation Within GRASS 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is one of the most recent technologies in surveying and mapping. LIDAR is based on the combination of three different data collection tools: a laser scanner mounted on an aircraft, a Global Positioning System (GPS) used in phase differential kinematic modality to provide the sensor position and an Inertial Navigation System (INS) to provide the orientation. The laser sends towards the ground an infrared signal, which is reflected back to the sensor. The time employed by the signal, given the aircraft position and attitude, allows computation of the earth point elevation. In standard conditions, taking into account the flight (speed 200–250 km/hour, altitude 500–2,000 m) and sensor characteristics (scan angle ± 10–20 degrees, emission rate 2,000–50,000 pulses per second), earth elevations are collected within a density of one point every 0.5–3 m. The technology allows us therefore to obtain very accurate (5–20 cm) and high resolution Digital Surface Models (DSM). For many applications, the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is needed: we have to automatically detect and discard from the previous DSM all the features (buildings, trees, etc.) present on the terrain. This paper describes a procedure that has been implemented within GRASS to construct DTMs from LIDAR source data. 相似文献
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Discriminating laser scanner data points belonging to ground from points above-ground (vegetation or buildings) is a key issue in research. Methods for filtering points into ground and non-ground classes have been widely studied mostly on datasets derived from airborne laser scanners, less so for terrestrial laser scanners. Recent developments in terrestrial laser sensors (longer ranges, faster acquisition and multiple return echoes) has aroused greater interest for surface modelling applications. The downside of TLS is that a typical dataset has high variability in point density, with evident side-effects on processing methods and CPU-time. In this work we use a scan dataset from a sensor which returns multiple target echoes, in this case providing more than 70 million points on our study site. The area presents low, medium and high vegetation, undergrowth with varying density, as well as bare ground with varying morphology (i.e. very steep slopes as well as flat areas). We test an integrated work-flow for defining a terrain and surface model (DTM and DSM) and successively for extracting information on vegetation density and height distribution on such a complex environment. Attention was given to efficiency and speed of processing. The method consists on a first step which subsets the original points to define ground candidates by taking into account the ordinal return number and the amplitude. A custom progressive morphological filter (opening operation) is applied next, on ground candidate points using a multidimensional grid to account for the fallout in point density as a function of distance from scanner. Vegetation density mapping over the area is then estimated using a weighted ratio of point counts in the tri-dimensional space over each cell. The overall result is a pipeline for processing TLS points clouds with minimal user interaction, producing a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), a Digital Surface Model (DSM), a vegetation density map and a derived Canopy Height Model (CHM). These products are of high importance for many applications ranging from forestry to hydrology and geomorphology. 相似文献