旅行虫"Gu Lu"的故事

"……Thanks again also for the great photo documentation you have made for us.Perfect.The kids will love this.Please tell us if we can do anything for you……(再次感谢你为我们所拍摄的这些漂亮的照片,很棒,孩子们会很喜欢.     

酒店的下午茶

随着英剧《唐顿庄园》的热播,贯穿全剧的"can I offer you a cup of tea",唤起了剧迷的下午茶情节.下午茶,最早起源于维多利亚时代的英国,最初是贵族社交圈内的风尚,而今已经风行世界,各家大酒店都应景地推出各自的"下午茶".     

位Love数与位移Love数之间的函数关系的注释

固体潮Love数是表示引潮力与地球形变之间关系的参数,在地球科学中有重要应用价值。地球在各种力学机制的作用下产生了形变,形变又导致地球引力位的变化,即形变附加位或Euler引力位增量。Grafarend等基于矢量球函数的基本理论,在地球密度球对称情况下,给出了形变地球的Euler引力位增量的表达式,并利用Love-Shida假设,给出了位和位移Love数之间的函数关系。本文重新研究了Grafarend等(1997)的工作,在指出其推导过程中的一处错误后,修正了位和位移Love数的之间的函数关系。     

Pattern detection in airborne LiDAR data using Laplacian of Gaussian filter

Methods for feature detection in laser scanning data have been studied for decades ever since the emergence of the technology.However,it is still one of the unsolved problems in LiDAR data processing due to difficulty of texture and structure information extraction in unevenly sampled points.The paper analyzes the characteristics of Laplacian of Gaussian(LoG) Filter and its potential use for structure detection in LiDAR data.A feature detection method based on LoG filtering is presented and ex-perimented on the unstructured points.The method filters the elevation value(namely,z coordinate value) of each point by convo-lution using LoG kernel within its local area and derives patterns suggesting the existence of certain types of ground ob-jects/features.The experiments are carried on a point cloud dataset acquired from a neighborhood area.The results demonstrate patterns detected at different scales and the relationship between standard deviation that defines LoG kernel and neighborhood size,which specifies the local area that is analyzed.     

大地测量学

CH20060818微小型I MU/GPS组合定位定向系统研究=MEMS I MU and GPS Integration for Positioning and Di-rection Finding System/何秀凤(河海大学卫星及空间信息应用研究所),徐勇(四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院),桑文刚(河海大学)∥武汉大学学报(信息科学版).-2005,30(     

北斗三号观测数据质量及定位精度初步评估

开展BDS-3观测数据质量评估对于即将到来的BDS-3应用研究至关重要。本文从载噪比、伪距多路径及观测噪声3方面评估了BDS-3卫星的观测数据质量，在此基础上分析了其标准单点定位和短基线相对定位性能。初步评估结果表明：在载噪比方面，BDS-3卫星的B1I频点比BDS-2卫星高3~4 dB/Hz，B3I频点最高，其余频点大小相当；在多路径方面，BDS-3卫星伪距B2a、B2b和B3I与BDS-2的B3I大小相当，B1I和B1C与BDS-2的B1I、B2I大小相当，且BDS-3各频点的伪距多路径组合中不存在明显的与高度角相关的伪距偏差；在观测值噪声方面，BDS-3卫星与BDS-2卫星各频点大小基本相当。相比于仅使用BDS-2卫星，增加BDS-3卫星可以改善几何图形结构，一定程度上提高伪距单点定位和短基线相对定位的精度。     

日月引力对我国一等水准测量成果的影响

一、前言日月引力对水准测量的影响，在文献[1]中曾作了概括的介绍，说明影响是很小的。1982年美国E.I.Balazs和G.M.Young在“美国国家大地测量局对精密水准测量成果所施加     

IHS小波包活性测度融合SAR与TM图像

提出了一种基于光谱特征保持的IHS小波包活性测度融合算法。该算法首先对TM图像做IHS变换提取出I分量，然后对I分量和SAR图像做基于小波包活性测度的融合得到新的I分量，再将新的I分量与原始TM图像的H、S分量一起做IHS逆变换得到融合后的图像。该方法可以最大限度地保留待融合图像的光谱信息，同时提高了待融合图像的清晰度和空间分辨率，防止图像纹理信息的丢失。     

SSM／I微波辐射计数据陆面温度反演

利用美国防卫气象卫星计划（OMSP）特别微波辐射／成像计（SSM／I）的多通道微波辐射亮温数据，开展中国陆地区域陆地表面温度反演研究，选择1997年7月20／24日的SSM／I数据，先对中国陆地区域的数据进行处理与成像，然后基于Holliger算法利用七个通道数据进行地表类型分类，最后利用SSM／I数据的统计算法进行中国区域内的陆面温度反演研究，并用NOAA－AVHRR反演的温度数据进行分析比较，其结果与实际情况基本一致，研究结果表明，SSM／I微波辐射计数据可以为大面积的陆面温度反演提供快速的研究方法，为全球变化研究提供一种新资料。     

DMC技术在土地利用现状调查中的应用与研究

本项目研究的是将Z／I Imaging的数字航摄相机（DMC）运用于土地详查项目，运用基于国际上先进Z／I Imaging DMC的拍摄技术获取的影像，结合影像融合技术，影像分类技术，土地信息提取技术，进行土地利用的动态监测及更新调查。     

北斗三号三频组合观测值特性分析研究

北斗三号卫星导航系统今年已步入全球组网阶段,预计到2018年底BDS-3的服务区域将覆盖“一带一路”国家及周边国家.目前BDS-3已发布B1I、B1C、B2a和B3I四个信号的用户接口控制文件,本文利用函数极值法给出了特定波长和电离层延迟影响系数下的噪声最优线性组合系数,分析得出BDS-3最优超宽巷组合为三频信号(B1C,B1I,B2a)和(B1C,B1I,B3I)中的线性组合(1,-1,0),最优宽巷组合为三频信号(B1I,B3I,B2a) 和(B1C,B3I,B2a)中的线性组合(1,-3,2),这三个组合也是BDS-3、BDS-2和GPS中的最优组合.利用北斗三号的实测数据进行长短基线下宽巷／超宽巷双差模糊度解算,验证了BDS-3最优宽巷与超宽巷组合的结论的同时,还得出三频信号(B1I,B3I,B2a)和(B1C,B3I,B2a)中的宽巷组合(1,-3,2)与超宽巷组合(1,-4,3)和(0,1,-1)在长／短基线情况下均适用,而筛选得到的较优三频信号(B1C,B1I,B2a)和(B1C,B1I,B3I)中的宽巷／超宽巷组合仅在短基线场景下均适用.      

A mobile GIS application to heavily resource-constrained devices

GIS applications to mobile devices are becoming increasingly popular, utilizing a di-verserange of devices. Many of these devices suffer from serious constraints in three main areas: processor speed, memory space and screen size. This paper presents a (;IS application, called “MacauMap“. that is intended for heavily resource-constrained handheld devices. MacauMap is a tourism oriented map application of the Macau territory for PalmOS and Pocket PC personal digital assistants. It was designed to perform satisfactorily on devices with as little as 16 MHz processor speed, and requires only 500 KB available memory for the GIS application and all GIS data. Memory requirements are kept low through a specially designed data format. The main challenge of satisfactory map drawing speed is addressed through a variety of techniques that were developed for this application. The paper describes the application‘s data format, outlines the map drawing techniques, and points out the areas for future development.     

A fast algorithm of cartographic sounding selection

An effective strategy and framework that adequately integrate the automated and manual processes for fast cartographic sounding selection is presented. The important submarine topographic features are extracted for important soundings selection, and an improved “ influence circle” algorithm is introduced for sounding selection. For automatic configuration of soundings distribution pattern, a special algorithm considering multi-factors is employed. A semi-automatic method for solving the ambiguous conflicts is described. On the basis of the algorithms and strategies a system named HGIS for fast cartographic sounding selection is developed and applied in Chinese Marine Safety Administration Bureau （CMSAB）. The application experiments show that the system is effective and reliable. At last some conclusions and the future work are given.     

BDS-3新频点PPP模糊度固定研究

针对BDS-3新频点在精密单点定位解算中的模糊度固定问题，该文采用绝对信号偏差(OSB)改正的方法，对B2a频点在精密单点定位方面的性能进行了研究。首先通过与整数钟差法进行对比实验，验证OSB改正法在模糊度固定方面的可靠性，之后采用该方法对B2a频点构建的双频无电离层组合进行精密单点定位-模糊度固定(PPP-AR)实验，与B1I/B3I的PPP-AR结果进行比较，评估定位精度。结果表明，OSB改正原始观测值的模糊度固定方法有较好的可靠性，收敛速度提升20%,模糊度固定成功率在90%以上；新频点B2a的精密单点定位性能较好，收敛速度和定位精度与B1I、B3I频点相当，采用B2a频点得到的双频无电离层组合在PPP-AR解算时能完成模糊度的快速固定，收敛时间在25 min以内，收敛后误差小于2 cm, B2a频点可用于PPP-AR解算。     

Nontectonic signals in reprocessed continuous GPS position time series of CMONOC

The nearly nine-year continuous GPS data collected since 1 March 1999 from the Crustal Motion Observation Network of China(CMONOC) were consistently analyzed.Most of the nonlinear movements in the cumulative position time series pro-duced by CMONOC data center disappeared;and more accurate vertical terms and tectonic signals were extracted.Displacements caused by atmospheric pressure loading,nontidal ocean loading,soil moisture mass loading,and snow cover mass loading using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) Reanalysis I/II models and Estimation of the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean(ECCO) data can explain most of the vertical annual terms at many stations,while only parts can be explained at Lhasa and southern coastal sites,indicating that there are some deformation mechanisms that are still unknown or not modeled accurately.The remarkable differences in vertical position time series for short-baseline sites reveal that GPS stations can be greatly affected by lo-cal factors;and attention should be paid when explaining observed GPS velocity vectors.     

BDS-3多频RTK在不同高度角下定位性能分析

设计了7种不同高度角BDS-3短基线RTK解算实验,参与解算频率包括单频（B1C、B2a、B1I、B3I）、双频组合（B1C/B2a、B1C/B3I、B1I/B2a、B1I/B3I）以及三频组合（B1C/B2a/B3I、B1I/B2a/B3I）。实验结果表明,BDS-3卫星可见数随高度角的增加而降低,PDOP值随高度角的增加而增加;在单频RTK性能方面,B1I和B3I定位性能稳定,受高度角影响较小,但在低高度角（10°～20°）的情况下,B1C和B2a定位性能更优;在双频RTK性能方面,B1I/B3I组合短基线RTK定位性能稳定,即使在极端高度角（40°）时,水平定位精度优于2 cm,高程定位精度优于4 cm;在三频RTK性能方面,B1I/B2a/B3I组合短基线RTK定位性能稳定,即使在极端高度角（40°）时,水平定位精度优于2 cm,高程定位精度优于4 cm。     

Interrelations between socio-economic development and environmental quality: a simulation integrating system dynamics models with GIS

System dynamics （SD） theory has long been deployed in modeling complex non-linear interrelationships but, so far it has not been common to do the kind of modeling in support of bringing environmental sustainability policies to practice. This is largely because the challenge of including spatial data has not yet been well met. Potential for adoption of SD and GIS methods in combination is exemplified with the results of a decision-support exercise designed for simulation and prediction of the dynamic inter-relationships between socio-economic development and environmental quality for the “Wen, Pi, Du” county in Sichuan province, southwestern China.     

BDS-3多频精密单点定位模型及性能分析

针对北斗三号(BDS-3)精密单点定位(PPP)在不同模型不同频率组合中的定位精度问题，选取14个MGEX测站连续7 d观测数据，综合分析了双频非组合UC12、双频无电离层组合IF12、三频非组合UC123、三频无电离层两两组合IF1213这4种模型下BDS-3精密单点定位的静态和动态定位性能。实验结果表明：BDS-3静态IF-PPP、UC-PPP收敛后在E、N、U方向上的平均定位精度分别优于0.86、0.66、1.70 cm和1.01、0.68、1.78 cm,平均收敛时间分别为29和36 min。BDS-3动态IF-PPP、UC-PPP收敛后在E、N、U方向上的平均定位精度分别优于1.86、1.57、2.92 cm和2.1、1.78、3.08 cm,平均收敛时间分别为56和74 min。BDS-3双频解算模式下，B1CB3I、B1IB3I两种频率组合定位精度较好，三频解算模式下，B1CB2aB3I和B1IB2aB3I精度较为接近，三频与双频精密单点定位的定位性能和收敛时间基本相当。     

地理栅格数据并行I/O的研究与实现

随着遥感和测绘技术的进步,日益增大的数据量和高效的数据I/O矛盾逐渐凸显。本文针对这个问题提出了地理栅格数据的一种并行I/O模式,并对该I/O模式进行了相应的编程实现。通过设计实验验证其正确性和效率,我们发现相比传统的栅格数据I/O库（GDAL库）而言,采用本文提出的并行I/O模式对应的I/O库将能同时保证结果的正确性和高效性。     

临城举办矿产资源统计培训班

为进一步摸清固体矿产资源储量及开发利用情况，规范统计管理，提高矿山企业业务能力，近日，临城县国土资源局开办固体矿产资源储量及开发利用统计培训班，来自全县各类矿山企业的统计人员50余人参加了培训I。