资源三号测绘卫星三线阵成像几何模型构建与精度初步验证

资源三号测绘卫星是我国首颗民用高分辨率立体测图卫星,其主要任务是利用三线阵影像实现1：5万立体测图。与采用国外商业卫星遥感影像进行测图相比,建立我国自主的测绘卫星的成像几何模型,进而生产影像产品和测绘产品,是卫星测绘应用的核心技术问题。本文根据资源三号测绘卫星的总体设计,分析了资源三号卫星高精度几何处理的关键问题,结合资源三号测绘卫星几何特性,提出了基于虚拟CCD线阵成像技术的资源三号测绘卫星成像几何模型,并进行传感器校正产品生产。本文利用资源三号卫星第一轨影像大连地区数据,完成了前视、正视、后视的传感器校正产品的生产试验,不同控制点情况下进行了平差试验,初步生产了该地区的数字表面模型（DSM）和数字正射影像（DOM）,并验证了精度。结果表明：在试验区四角布设控制点的情况下DOM平面精度优于3m,DSM高程精度优于2m。试验验证了资源三号测绘卫星成像几何模型的正确性。与国外相近分辨率的卫星相比,资源三号测绘卫星可以达到较高的几何精度。     

高分辨率卫星颤振探测补偿的关键技术方法与应用

卫星平台颤振是高分辨率卫星在轨运行普遍存在的复杂现象,会影响卫星的测图精度和成像质量。本文提出了综合多传感器数据处理的卫星颤振探测与补偿技术方法,根据多光谱影像、三线阵影像、密集地面控制和姿态测量数据进行了颤振探测,采用像方补偿和姿态补偿两种方式进行了颤振补偿。利用本文提出的技术对资源三号卫星的平台颤振问题进行了处理和分析,试验结果验证了所提出的方法用于颤振探测与补偿的有效性与可靠性。颤振变化规律分析表明资源三号卫星颤振的频率保持在0.6~0.7Hz的范围内,而颤振幅值从在轨早期的1个像素下降到0.4个像素以下并趋于平稳。     

基于资源三号卫星影像的立体测图技术研究

随着国产卫星影像资源的日益丰富,基于国产卫星影像的应用与研究也成为测绘相关行业竞相探究的焦点。本文以此为背景开展研究,总体目标是以资源三号国产卫星遥感影像为影像源,利用多种基础资料(控制资料、地形图数据、调绘成果、DEM成果、DOM成果等),应用区域网平差立体模型成果通过各种成果精度比对,得出资三影像成果应用范围,对基础测绘项目的开展具有指导性作用。     

高分辨率光学卫星遥感影像高精度无地面控制精确处理的理论与方法

卫星影像全球无地面控制高精度几何定位是卫星摄影测量技术发展追求的主要目标,也是实现困难地区和境外地区测图的关键支撑技术。本文围绕我国国产遥感卫星的技术发展,详细论述了高分辨率光学卫星遥感影像高精度无地面控制几何定位的理论与方法,在天星地一体化全链路误差建模分析的基础上,提出了在轨几何定标理论与方法、稳态重成像几何处理模型与方法及大规模无地面控制区域网平差理论与方法。将本文方法应用于资源三号卫星影像的数据处理,试验结果满足1∶50 000测图精度,证明了理论和方法的正确性。     

公开DEM辅助无地面控制点国产卫星影像定位方法

在全球测绘的背景下,为实现无地面控制点的卫星摄影测量,提出了利用公开DEM辅助国产卫星影像进行无控定位的方法。为充分利用公开DEM在大范围内具有一致稳定的高精度特性,将其作为基准与从影像中提取的待定位DEM进行表面匹配,匹配时采用引入截尾最小二乘估计的最小高差(LZD)法,并根据对应点高差的分布自适应探测及剔除DEM之间的差异;匹配确定的变换参数用于对直接定位结果进行物方改正。设计了多组针对天绘一号和资源三号国产卫星影像的对比试验,结果表明本方法切实可行,能充分利用基准DEM的优势,具有较好的稳健性;定位精度很大程度上取决于但不限于基准DEM的精度,基本不受其分辨率的影响;当待定位DEM分辨率较高时,单景影像利用SRTM DEM即可得到能较好满足1∶5万比例尺地形图测制要求的无控定位精度。本方法还为卫星影像定位精度的检核提供了一种新的有效手段。     

轨道约束的资源三号标准景影像区域网平差

考虑到同轨道拍摄的长条带卫星影像具有相同的误差分布特性,针对资源三号的标准景影像产品,提出了基于轨道约束的卫星影像区域网平差方法。首先,根据同轨相邻影像的偏移量计算轨道影像坐标系下的像点坐标;其次,通过同轨每景影像的RFM重新生成轨道影像的RFM,同时生成补偿格网;然后,根据基于像方仿射变换的RFM对轨道影像进行区域网平差;最后,利用求得的轨道影像的仿射变换参数重新计算原始单景影像的仿射变换参数。利用不同地区资源三号测绘卫星影像数据的试验表明,基于轨道约束的卫星影像区域网平差（以下简称轨道平差）在稀疏控制条件下,其精度明显好于单景影像平差的精度。在6控情况下,太行山试验区达到平面2.504m高程3.117m,在渭南试验区达到了平面4.061m高程2.895m。试验结果证明了轨道平差的有效性和可行性。     

基于资源三号卫星遥感影像局部控制纠正精度分析

资源三号测绘卫星是我国第一颗民用高分辨率三线阵立体的测绘卫星,近年来,农业、灾害、资源环境、公共安全等部门对基于资源三号卫星影像的测绘地理信息服务需求量明显增大。本文通过具体研究试验,利用不同数量平面控制点对分辨率为2 m的资源三号卫星影像进行局部控制纠正,并对纠正后所产生的误差进行对比分析,所得的实验结果对资源三号卫星影像的生产具有一定的指导意义。     

Bias-corrected rational polynomial coefficients for high accuracy geo-positioning of QuickBird stereo imagery

The rational function model (RFM) is widely used as an alternative to physical sensor models for 3D ground point determination with high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI). However, owing to the sensor orientation bias inherent in the vendor-provided rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs), the geo-positioning accuracy obtained from these RPCs is limited. In this paper, the performances of two schemes for orientation bias correction (i.e., RPCs modification and RPCs regeneration) is presented based on one separate-orbit QuickBird stereo image pair in Shanghai, and four cases for bias correction, including shift bias correction, shift and drift bias correction, affine model bias correction and second-order polynomial bias correction, are examined. A 2-step least squares adjustment method is adopted for correction parameter estimation with a comparison with the RPC bundle adjustment method. The experiment results demonstrate that in general the accuracy of the 2-step least squares adjustment method is almost identical to that of the RPC bundle adjustment method. With the shift bias correction method and minimal 1 ground control point (GCP), the modified RPCs improve the accuracy from the original 23 m to 3 m in planimetry and 17 m to 4 m in height. With the shift and drift bias correction method, the regenerated RPCs achieve a further improved positioning accuracy of 0.6 m in planimetry and 1 m in height with minimal 2 well-distributed GCPs. The affine model bias correction yields a geo-positioning accuracy of better than 0.5 m in planimetry and 1 m in height with 3 well-positioned GCPs. Further tests with the second-order polynomial bias correction model indicate the existence of potential high-order error signals in the vendor-provided RPCs, and on condition that an adequate redundancy in GCP number is available, an accuracy of 0.4 m in planimetry and 0.8 m in height is attainable.     

利用国产卫星影像构建我国地理空间信息

介绍了高分辨率卫星对地观测技术的现状,分析了国产卫星数据处理存在的问题,提出构建我国地理空间信息所需要的关键技术,并以资源三号卫星数据处理为例,总结了当前国产卫星数据处理的最新进展。     

资源三号卫星成像在轨几何定标的探元指向角法

从资源三号卫星（ZY-3）影像严格几何模型出发,通过对星敏感器坐标系下各CCD探元指向角的分析,提出一种ZY-3成像在轨几何定标的探元指向角法。经对嵩山和洛阳两个试验区     

资源三号02星激光测高精度分析与验证

资源三号02星搭载了我国首台对地观测的卫星激光测高试验性载荷,对该载荷的精度进行了理论分析,并采用多个区域进行了实际精度验证,同时对其在航天测绘中的应用进行了试验。资源三号02星激光测高仪在平坦地区(坡度≤2°)的理论高程精度为0.85m、平面精度14.2m。试验表明,资源三号02星激光测高仪获得的有效测高数据约占23.89%,检校场区域其高程精度为0.89m,平面精度为14.76m;华北地区高精度DSM地形数据验证其高程精度为1.09m,内陆渤海海面上的激光高程精度为0.47m。将激光足印点作为高程控制点时,在陕西渭南试验区能将资源三号02星立体影像无地面控制的高程精度从11.54m提高到1.90m。虽然资源三号02星激光测高仪为试验性载荷,但试验结果证实国产卫星激光测高数据能有效提高立体影像无地面控制的高程精度,在全球测图工程中具有推广应用价值,建议后续立体测图卫星搭载业务化应用的激光测高仪。     

Quality Assessment Of Digital Surface Models Generated From IKONOS Imagery

The growing applications of digital surface models (DSMs) for object detection, segmentation and representation of terrestrial landscapes have provided impetus for further automation of 3D spatial information extraction processes. While new technologies such as lidar are available for almost instant DSM generation, the use of stereoscopic high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI), coupled with image matching, affords cost-effective measurement of surface topography over large coverage areas. This investigation explores the potential of IKONOS Geo stereo imagery for producing DSMs using an alternative sensor orientation model, namely bias-corrected rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs), and a hybrid image-matching algorithm. To serve both as a reference surface and a basis for comparison, a lidar DSM was employed in the Hobart testfield, a region of differing terrain types and slope. In order to take topographic variation within the modelled surface into account, the lidar strip was divided into separate sub-areas representing differing land cover types. It is shown that over topographically diverse areas, heighting accuracy to better than 3 pixels can be readily achieved. Results improve markedly in feature-rich open and relatively flat terrain, with sub-pixel accuracy being achieved at check points surveyed using the global positioning system (GPS). This assessment demonstrates that the outlook for DSM generation from HRSI is very promising.     

Estimation and improvement in the geolocation accuracy of rational polynomial coefficients with minimum GCPs using KOMPSAT-3A

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we propose a method to regenerate Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs) using KOMPSAT-3A imagery and to reduce the geolocation error using minimum ground control points (GCPs). To estimate the new RPCs, the physical sensor model fitted to KOMPSAT-3A imagery was utilized and virtual GCPs over the study area were created. The size of the virtual grid used was 20x20x20. To remove the sensor-related errors in physical sensor model, three different image correction models (image coordinate translation model, shift and drift model, and affine transformation model) were additionally applied. We evaluated our proposed method in two areas within Korea, one in urban (Seoul) and one in rural (Goheung) areas. The results showed that there was a significant improvement after applying the suggested approach in the two areas. The image coordinate translation model is suggested in terms of GCP requirement and expected errors estimated from the error propagation analysis using Gauss–Markov Model (GMM).     

A combined image matching method for Chinese optical satellite imagery

Image matching is one of the key technologies for digital Earth. This paper presents a combined image matching method for Chinese satellite images. This method includes the following four steps: (1) a modified Wallis-type filter is proposed to determine parameters adaptively while avoiding over-enhancement; (2) a mismatch detection procedure based on a global-local strategy is introduced to remove outliers generated by the Scale-invariant feature transform algorithm, and geometric orientation with bundle block adjustment is employed to compensate for the systematic errors of the position and attitude observations; (3) we design a novel similarity measure (distance, angle and the Normalized Cross-Correlation similarities, DANCC) which considers geometric similarity and textural similarity; and (4) we introduce a hierarchical matching strategy to refine the matching result level by level. Four typical image pairs acquired from Mapping Satellite-1, ZY-1 02C, ZY-3 and GeoEye-1, respectively, are used for experimental analysis. A comparison with the two current main matching algorithms for satellite imagery confirms that the proposed method is capable of producing reliable and accurate matching results on different terrains from not only Chinese satellite images, but also foreign satellite images.     

基于资源三号卫星影像的无控大范围数字表面模型快速制作

作为重要的地理信息,数字表面模型具有非常广泛的应用前景,我国成功发射的资源三号卫星,不但填补了立体卫星测绘的空白,而且能够得到高分辨率的卫星遥感影像。本文基于资源三号卫星影像,简要介绍了无控大范围数字表面模型快速制作流程,并以此得到典型地区三维影像图,为数字表面模型在各行业的应用及发展提供重要支持。     

Spatial and Quantitative Comparison of Topographically Derived Different Classification Algorithms Using AWiFS Data over Himalayas,India

In recent years, the significant increase in research on spatial information is observed. Classification or clustering is one of the well-known methods in spatial data analysis. Traditionally, classifiers are generally based on per-pixel approaches and are not utilizing the spatial information within pixel, called mixels which is an important source of information to image classification. There are two foremost reasons behind the existence of mixels: (a) coarse or low spatial resolution of sensor and (b) topographic effects that recorded on optical satellite imagery due to differential terrain illuminations over rugged areas such as Himalayas. In the present study, different classification algorithms have been implemented to drive the impact of topography on them. Among various available, three algorithms for the mapping of snow cover region over north Indian Himalayas (India) are compared: (a) maximum likelihood classification (MLC) as supervised classifier; (b) k-mean clustering as unsupervised classifier; and (c) linear spectral mixing model (LSMM) as soft classifier. These algorithms have been implemented on AWiFS multispectral data, and analysis was carried out. The classification accuracy is estimated by the error matrices, and LSMM achieved higher accuracy (84.5–88.5%) as compared to MLC (81–84%) and k-mean (74–81%). The results highlight that topographically derived classifiers achieved better accuracy in mapping as compared to simple classifiers. The study has many applications in snow hydrology, glaciology and climatology of mountain topography.     

基于资源三号卫星影像的数字正射影像快速生产及精度分析

资源三号卫星的成功发射填补了我国立体卫星测绘的空白,且可提供高分辨率的遥感影像。本文基于资源三号卫星影像,简要介绍了数字正射影像(DOM)快速制作流程,并分别对比分析其在无控、有控以及稀少控制条件下的精度。     

直线特征约束的资源3号卫星影像自检校平差

针对控制点获取较困难地区卫星影像定位精度不高的情况,对直线特征作为控制信息提升卫星影像定位精度进行了研究。以"像方直线上任意一点必然位于物方直线和投影中心所构成的平面"作为几何约束条件,通过对直线的参数化表示,建立了基于直线特征的共面模型;在该模型基础上,针对航天传感器的成像特点,分析建立了8标定参数的内方位元素模型和简化的外方位元素模型,最终构建了直线特征约束的卫星影像自检校平差模型。利用资源3号(ZY-3)卫星获取的华盛顿地区数据对构建的平差模型进行实验验证。结果表明,该模型能够解决缺乏地面控制点地区影像定位精度差的问题,可达到与常规自检校平差相同量级的精度。     

一种基于复共线性分析的RPC参数优选法

推导了求解有理多项式系数(RPC)的严密误差方程,从分析误差方程设计矩阵列向量间的复共线性着手,提出了一种去相关的RPC参数优选方法。对一景SPOT-5 HRG 1A级影像进行实验,结果表明,当地面控制点稀疏时,通过优选20~30个RPC参数,可以很好地消除参数间的相关性,有效消除有理函数模型(RFM)在地形拟合中出现的振荡现象,可明显提高RPC参数求解和RFM的影像几何处理精度。当地面控制点足够多时,利用此方法优选的RPC参数进行地形拟合的结果与用常规最小二乘法求解的78个RPC参数实施地形拟合的结果完全一致。     

卫星海洋水色遥感信息特征量的研究

首先从卫星海洋水色遥感机理出发,提出了水色遥感信息的两个特征量──归一化反照率（Ａｌｂｅｄｏ）和辐射信噪比（ＳＮＲ）。其次,针对中国“九五”期间计划发射的海洋水色卫星的轨道参数和安装在卫星上的水色扫描仪（ＣＯＣＴＳ）水色通道为对象,上中国海区为遥感目标,通过两个特征量的模拟计算结果,进行了大洋和沿岸两类不同水体信息特征量的比较。最后,研究了信息特征量的时间和空间响应。研究的结果为中国计划发射的海洋水色卫星图像质量预测和应用潜力的评估提供了一定的科学依据。