斑岩型铜矿找矿预测中环形构造的示矿作用——以玉龙—马拉松多子区为研究区

在斑岩型铜矿资源潜力评价中,斑岩体是圈定铜矿最小找矿预测区的重要依据。研究表明,遥感图像上的许多环形影像与岩浆活动(包括斑岩体)有关。为了快速进行斑岩型铜矿成矿预测,利用遥感技术在西藏玉龙—马拉松多斑岩型铜矿周边地区开展了找矿预测。首先建立了环形构造的遥感解译标志;然后开展了环形构造的解译工作,研究了该区环形构造的展布特征;最后总结了由环形构造推断斑岩体的标志。结果表明,遥感解译的环形构造为该区斑岩型铜矿最小找矿预测区的圈定提供了重要依据。     

西藏昂拉仁错环形构造剖析

卫星图像分析显示,青藏高原腹地阿里地区存在非常清晰的大型环形构造影像,结合遥感影像及地质等特征分析,认为昂拉仁错环形构造是雅鲁藏布江断裂带、班公湖-怒江断裂带南缘分支断裂和南北向展布的多桑地堑和亚热地堑为界所围陷的环形构造。其形成是在印度板块向欧亚板块俯冲的碰撞过程中,青藏高原在总体隆升的背景下,由于岩石圈受到南北向挤压、东西向拉张的影响,张性断裂活动性增强,后期火山活动频繁,形成了由不同方向断裂、不同时期岩浆活动构成的多层环形构造。     

西藏尕尔穷铜金矿多光谱遥感地质特征与外围找矿预测

尕尔穷铜金矿的发现是近年来在西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带西段取得的重要找矿突破之一,目前已发现的矿体类型主要有接触交代矽卡岩型和构造破碎带型2种。前人在该区的研究已经注意到矽卡岩与花岗斑岩的成生联系,斑岩型矿产的成矿潜力较大。该文利用多光谱遥感图像,以寻找区内斑岩型矿床为目标,开展了线性构造、环形构造、铁帽类色要素和围岩分带的遥感解译,基于主成分分析法提取了遥感羟基异常和铁染异常。研究结果表明:区内主要发育NW-NNW向、NE-NNE向和近SN向3组线性构造;环形构造按组合样式可划分为5个环形构造系;铁帽类色要素与遥感异常较吻合;区内围岩分带较复杂,但多属斑岩铜矿成矿的有利围岩。综合分析认为,5个环形构造系为进一步找矿的重点区域。     

基于RS与分形的下庄矿田线性构造空间特征分析

本文基于分形理论和RS技术,对遥感影像上所提取出来的线性构造信息进行定量分析、空间展布特征与铀矿富集关系的研究,并且简要阐述线性构造遥感影像机理和断裂构造信息的解译与提取。通过研究表明,下庄矿田断裂构造在0.3125—5km尺度范围内具有自相似性和分形特征,相关系数均超过0.98,并且在该尺度范围内断裂构造空间展布出现两个分形关系,在0.3125—1km尺度范围内分数维D1=1.0693,在1.25—4km尺度范围内D2=1.7469。这进一步表明该区断裂构造具有多重分形分布特征。其断裂构造展布在0.3125—1km小尺度范围内较小的分维值D1表明该区还有进一步勘探前景。     

基于两种遥感影像的郯庐断裂带构造解译浅析

利用光谱信息丰富的常规光学遥感(Landsat-7 ETM)和Google earth影像作为主要数据源,运用ETM1,4,7波段进行假彩色图像合成,综合两种不同的影像于ArcGIS平台上对郯庐断裂构造特征进行分析.首先确定线性构造,通过线性构造周围水系、地形特征推测断裂的存在,得到研究区域内郯庐断裂遥感影像图,基本确...     

陇南环与西成铅锌矿田的关系

西成铅锌矿田地处我国腹地,位于甘肃省西和县、成县及徽县境内,是我国重要的有色金属矿产基地。 矿田所在区,环形构造发育。陇南环为一巨型同心圆环状环形构造,由东西向、北东向及北西向三组串环交汇形成。 陇南环构造位于秦岭褶皱系中段,区内线性构造复杂,其中东西向、南北向及北东向线性构造规模较大,属壳源性基底型断裂。陇南环内的西成矿田一带泥盆纪的海盆形态受该环形构造的发生、发展控制,其环核部位为一水下隆起。 在陇南环展布范围内,东西向断裂系控制着成矿带的展布;北东向断裂系与东西向断裂系的复合部位控制着矿田;而南北向或北…     

澜沧老厂矿床线-环结构模式拟建及成矿预测

根据矿床遥感地质理论，解译分析老厂矿床线、环构造及蚀变信息，并结合地质、物化探信息，拟建老厂矿床线-环结构模 式。在区域性北西向线性构造带遥感地质背景下，南北轴向南老环和东西轴向透镜体系列叠加形成老厂环-环横叠式结构，二者分 别反映华力西期火山洼地和燕山-喜山期隐伏中酸性岩体，其叠加地段是有利成矿部位。影像上受北北西向线性构造控制的色调异 常斑块显示了近矿围岩蚀变的范围，并据此模式进行成矿预测。     

香花岭地区多源地学信息复合处理图像的地质应用

本文介绍了遥感、物化探、地质等信息复合图像增强处理的基本技术方法.对多源地学信息复合处理图像新发现的色异常、线性和环形构造的分布、影像特征做了较详细的叙述;并探讨了该区的环形和线性构造对多金属矿的控矿作用,认为香花岭地区是环形和线形构造的复合控矿,在此基础上建立了香花岭矿田遥感影像模式:在环形构造内,发育北西向和北东向线性构造组合,交叉成“井”字型格式,控制金属矿的分布.根据已知矿床特征和相应影像特征的关系,提出细密线性影像和环、线交切影像两种找矿标志,指出上述标志在湘南花岗岩发育地区具有普遍找矿意义.文章最后根据多种信息综合分析,圈定了两个找矿有望地段,取得了良好的找矿效果.     

高分辨率遥感影像在云南澜沧老厂矿床地质研究中的应用

在云南澜沧老厂矿床地质研究中,高分辨率QuickBird 影像提供了丰富的地质异常信息:影像线-环结构反映出矿床的控矿环形构造及隐伏构造信息;影像色调异常斑块显示了地面围岩蚀变区域;遥感异常与物化探异常的高度吻合,为地质构造分析和成矿预测提供了有用信息和佐证.     

黔西南地区遥感构造与金矿的关系及找矿预测

遥感图像显示黔西南地区有两个地层区——台地相区和槽盆相区。复合内生微细浸染型金矿均产于短轴背斜、穹窿和与之伴生的断裂内,因此遥感解译的正向环形构造和环形影像对找矿有重要意义。另外,区内金矿与遥感解译推测的隐伏断裂也有一定关系。基于上述认识,以ETM+和GeoEye数据为数据源生成融合图像,进行遥感构造解译和分析,圈定了金矿找矿预测区,为进一步开展贵州省矿产资源潜力评价和找矿工作提供了参考依据。     

Application of Landsat-8 and ASTER satellite remote sensing data for porphyry copper exploration: a case study from Shahr-e-Babak,Kerman, south of Iran

Abstract

The Shahr-e-Babak region located in the Kerman metallogenic belt is one of the high potential segments of Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc for porphyry copper and epithermal gold mineralization in the south of Iran. This high potential zone encompasses several porphyry copper deposits under exploitation, development and exploration stages. The aim of this study is to evaluate Landsat-8 data and comparison with the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer data-sets for mapping hydrothermal alteration zones related to Cenozoic magmatic intrusions in Shahr-e-Babak region. Previous studies have proven the robust application of ASTER in lithological mapping and mineral exploration; nonetheless, the Landsat-8 data have high capability to map and detect hydrothermal alteration zones associated with porphyry copper and epithermal gold mineralization. In this investigation, several band combinations and multiplications, developed selective principal component analysis and image transformations were developed for discriminating hydrothermal alteration zones associated with porphyry copper mineralization using Landsat-8 data.     

Alteration Mapping for Porphyry Copper Exploration Using ASTER and QuickBird Multispectral Images,Sonajeel Prospect,NW Iran

The Sonajeel prospect is located in the Arasbaran belt which is one of the significant copper mineralization belts in NW Iran. There are mostly Eocene volcano-sedimentary rocks and Post Eocene intrusive units which are the source for mineralization in the area. ASTER multispectral images were used for delineation of alteration zones as a key feature of porphyry copper mineralization. Due to the need for geometric correction and ortho-rectification of the ASTER images, a high resolution QuickBird image with pixel width of about 60 cm (in PAN) was employed as a reference image in order to boost the rectification process. Ortho-rectification has been done by using digital elevation model which is created by topographic map in scale 1:1000. Potassic alteration as one of the essential alteration types in porphyry copper deposits, distributed mostly in the north of the Sonajeel prospect that determined by Thermal infrared bands processing. Phyllic and argillic alteration zones detected by creating relative absorption band-depth grids which are comparable to field observations. Moreover, silica rich areas which are remnants of hydrothermal circulation and form at the top of porphyry copper systems were detected for recognition of epithermal deposits (with 1 km distance from Sonajeel porphyry system). Finally, Remote Sensing results were compared by field evidences especially for determination of an epithermal system. Most parts of the alteration zones were observed of the surface confirmed with the remote sensing alteration (in average about 75% matched fittingly), displayed concentrations anomalous in the NE and NW parts of the studied area.     

朱诺斑岩型铜矿蚀变信息提取方法比较

矿化蚀变信息的提取是遥感找矿中重要的内容,ASTER遥感数据因波段范围宽、波段多,在蚀变异常与矿产勘探中有较好的应用前景。本文在比较了前人的研究方法,如比值法、主成分分析法、光谱角法基础上,通过对西藏朱诺矿区进行试验研究,得出了在该研究区采用主成分分析法最佳的结论。     

西藏多不杂斑岩铜矿ASTER遥感蚀变异常特征

采用ASTER数据,利用"掩模+定向主成分分析"方法提取了多不杂斑岩铜矿的遥感蚀变异常。对蚀变异常的特征、蚀变异常与地面蚀变对应关系、蚀变异常与已知矿体的关系等几个方面进行了初步探讨,认为利用ASTER数据提取的蚀变异常效果较好,为西藏自治区矿产资源潜力评价多龙铜矿预测工作区的最小预测区圈定提供了遥感依据。     

Synergetic use of remote sensing and geophysical data for exploration of porphyry copper deposits, using GIS

Darrehzar porphyry copper deposit is situated in the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic assemblage of central Iran. In this paper, the integration of multiple geodata sets has been carried out using geographic information system for mapping lithology or hydrothermally altered rocks and also in selecting the best discriminating data elements for exploration of porphyry copper deposits located in areas with similar geological setting and climatic conditions. Principal component analysis is found useful for reducing large data sets into a few principal components. The integration of various geophysical data with SPOT image data through GIS has shown that the hydrothermal alteration and lithology can be mapped with more efficiency.     

A general framework of TOPSIS method for integration of airborne geophysics,satellite imagery,geochemical and geological data

This work presents the promising application of three variants of TOPSIS method (namely the conventional, adjusted and modified versions) as a straightforward knowledge-driven technique in multi criteria decision making processes for data fusion of a broad exploratory geo-dataset in mineral potential/prospectivity mapping. The method is implemented to airborne geophysical data (e.g. potassium radiometry, aeromagnetic and frequency domain electromagnetic data), surface geological layers (fault and host rock zones), extracted alteration layers from remote sensing satellite imagery data, and five evidential attributes from stream sediment geochemical data. The central Iranian volcanic-sedimentary belt in Kerman province at the SE of Iran that is embedded in the Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage arc (UDMA) is chosen to integrate broad evidential layers in the region of prospect. The studied area has high potential of ore mineral occurrences especially porphyry copper/molybdenum and the generated mineral potential maps aim to outline new prospect zones for further investigation in future. Two evidential layers of the downward continued aeromagnetic data and its analytic signal filter are prepared to be incorporated in fusion process as geophysical plausible footprints of the porphyry type mineralization. The low values of the apparent resistivity layer calculated from the airborne frequency domain electromagnetic data are also used as an electrical criterion in this investigation. Four remote sensing evidential layers of argillic, phyllic, propylitic and hydroxyl alterations were extracted from ASTER images in order to map the altered areas associated with porphyry type deposits, whilst the ETM+ satellite imagery data were used as well to map iron oxide layer. Since potassium alteration is generally the mainstay of porphyry ore mineralization, the airborne potassium radiometry data was used. The geochemical layers of Cu/B/Pb/Zn elements and the first component of PCA analysis were considered as powerful traces to prepare final maps. The conventional, adjusted and modified variants of the TOPSIS method produced three mineral potential maps, in which the outputs indicate adequately matching of high potential zones with previous working and active mines in the region.     

Hydrothermal Alteration Mapping Using ASTER Data for Reconnaissance Porphyry Copper Mineralization in the Ahar Area, NW Iran

The Ahar area is located in East Azarbaijan province, and covers an area of about 2,500 km². Spectral mapping techniques were applied on VNIR and SWIR of ASTER data for discriminating between hydrothermal alteration zones and the identification of high potential mineralized lithological unit associated with hydrothermal porphyry copper mineralization in the Ahar. In this research to remove atmospheric and topographic effects from ASTER data, the log-residual method (LRM) was used. Four methods, Relative Band Depth Ratios (RBD), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) and matched filtering (MF), were used to processing and interpretation of remote sensing data in the study area. Results show that ASTER images provide preliminary mineralogy information and geo-referenced alteration maps at low cost and with high accuracy for reconnaissance porphyry copper mineralizations.     

Utilization of ASTER Data and Spectral Analysis to Discriminate Hydrothermally Altered Areas over Rabor,South of Kerman,Iran

This study attempts to evaluate the capability of the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) and the advantages of ground knowledge for generating maps portraying hydrothermally altered areas in relation to porphyry copper deposits. The northern part of the Rabor area in the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic belt, containing some copper mineralization occurrences, was investigated as a case study. Several image processing techniques, namely minimum noise fraction, pixel purity index, and n-dimensional visualization, contributed to the extraction of pure pixels as endmembers. The spectra of some rock samples collected around the well-known altered zones of the study area were resampled to ASTER bands and used to identify the image-extracted endmembers. Spectral analysis of the endmembers and ground sample spectra led to the identification of three types of hydrothermal alterations: (1) phyllic, (2) propylitic, and (3) argillic. The identified endmembers were used as the specified targets for mapping hydrothermal alteration zones over the study area by using a mixture tuned match filtering algorithm. Results demonstrate that high abundances within pixels correspond closely to the altered areas. Field observations, thin section, and X-ray diffraction of collected samples confirmed the accuracy of the alteration maps prepared by the application of the proposed methods. The final classified hydrothermal alteration maps showed the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient values of 85.41 and 0.72%, respectively. These results ascertain that ASTER data that use suitable image processing techniques appear consistent in mapping out the distribution of hydrothermally altered areas. In addition, ground knowledge data can act as a valuable information source to increase the image classification accuracy and reliability.