应用于PPGIS的一种图形参与技术

IDM是一种新的决策支持技术,首次把它作为PPGIS中公众参与支撑技术进行探讨.介绍了PPGIS的概念,在分析PPGIS中公众参与方法的基础上提出一种基于图形的参与技术--IDM技术,阐述了基于图形的参与技术的数学原理--convex hull理论,构建了IDM技术在PPGIS中的应用模式,并通过资源规划决策地图分析了IDM技术应用于PPGIS的灵活性及优势.     

应用于PPGIS的一种图形参与技术

IDM是一种新的决策支持技术,首次把它作为PPGIS中公众参与支撑技术进行探讨。介绍了PPGIS的概念,在分析PPGIS中公众参与方法的基础上提出一种基于图形的参与技术———IDM技术,阐述了基于图形的参与技术的数学原理———convex hull理论,构建了IDM技术在PPGIS中的应用模式,并通过资源规划决策地图分析了IDM技术应用于PPGIS的灵活性及优势。     

公众参与地理信息系统在无障碍设施建设中的应用研究

公众参与地理信息系统(PPGIS)是GIS重要的分支技术之一,其重点体现公众参与性。本文将公众参与地理信息系统方法应用到无障碍设施建设中,分析了无障碍设施建设中的公众参与性及PPGIS在无障碍设施建设中的应用模式,设计了无障碍设施建设PPGIS系统,最后通过应用实例加以验证。     

PPGIS实现的难点探讨

大众参与地理信息系统(PPGIS)属于GIS技术应用之一,主要强调普通民众的群体参与,以帮助政府、规划等职能部门更好地进行决策和计划。本文着重从技术、公众权利保障性、数据三个方面论述了实现PPGIS项目中主要的难点和核心问题。     

公众参与地理信息系统及国内外应用研究

公众参与地理信息系统(PPGIS)是地理信息科学和社会科学相结合的一个新兴的研究领域。介绍了PPGIS概念和基本特征,阐述了PPGIS在国内外的应用现状,结合应用实例分析了PPGIS在国内的发展前景和挑战。     

基于WEB的CAD文件协作管理系统设计的应用

针对目前公众参与城市规划研究中缺少有效技术保障的现状,提出了使用CAD文件网上发布管理的方法,提供公众参与城市规划设计与决策的平台,并对构建系统的主要技术、方法进行了阐述。     

PPGIS在国土空间规划中的应用研究

通过分析国内外国土空间规划发展历程,指出公众参与规划面临积极性不够、专业性不强、参与形式单一等问题.PPGIS是公众参与理论与GIS及其相关技术相结合产生的一个新的应用研究方向.本文通过研究PPGIS在国土空间规划确定规划目标、方案优选、规划审批、规划实施四个阶段的应用,解决了公众参与规划存在的一系列问题,并且提高了规划的科学性、合理性和可操作性.     

参与型GIS：Web2．0下的地理媒介

分析PGIS、PPGIS、VGIS的产生及其内在联系，阐述参与型GIS作为地理媒介的发展趋势，总结出PGIS媒体化框架。论述了Web2．0背景下PGlS的新特点。探讨如何以PGIS作为决策者与公众之间的沟通媒介，实现“公众参与决策”的概念。     

PPGIS在无障碍公共设施选址中的应用研究

分析了无障碍公共设施建设的现状,提出PPGIS在无障碍公共设施选址中的思路,详细描述了基于PPGIS的无障碍公共服务设施参与系统的建立,并介绍基于此系统采集的数据与区位配置模型结合用于无障碍公共服务设施选址的技术路线,最后总结了本文的研究意义。     

PPGIS在城市交通布局中的应用

可持续而又富有远见的城市交通布局是一直困扰城市规划部门和交通管理部门的艰难课题。本文提出了一个基于PPGIS的方法来解决相关管理部门在城市交通布局方面的困惑。     

An Evaluation of Internet Versus Paper‐based Methods for Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS)

Public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) are an increasingly important tool for collecting spatial information about the social attributes of place. The availability of Internet‐based options for implementing PPGIS presents new opportunities for increased efficiency and new modes of access. Here we used a mixed‐mode approach to evaluate paper versus Internet mapping methods for the same PPGIS survey in Wyoming. We compared participant characteristics, mapping participation, and the spatial distribution of mapped attributes between participants who responded to the paper versus Internet option. The response rate for those who completed the paper version of the survey was nearly 2.5 times the response rate of the Internet version. Paper participants also mapped significantly more places than did Internet participants (43 vs. 18). Internet participants tended to be younger, more likely to have a college degree, and had lived in the region for less time than paper participants. For all but one attribute there was no difference in the spatial distribution of places mapped between Internet and paper methods. Using a paper‐based PPGIS survey resulted in a higher response rate, reduced participant bias, and greater mapping participation. However, survey mode did not influence the spatial distribution of the PPGIS data.     

A Review of Sampling Effects and Response Bias in Internet Participatory Mapping (PPGIS/PGIS/VGI)

Global interest in participatory mapping described as public participation GIS (PPGIS), participatory GIS (PGIS), and volunteered geographic information (VGI) continues to grow, but systematic study of spatial data quality and sampling effects is limited. This article provides a review and meta‐analysis of Internet‐based PPGIS studies conducted during the period 2006–2015 (n=26) to answer the following research questions: (1) How does mapping effort, as a proxy measure for spatial data quality, differ by sampling group? (2) Does the purpose and context of PPGIS influence mapping results? (3) What is the potential for mapping bias through sampling design? (4) Given the results, what should be the focus of future PPGIS research? Mapping effort was highest in sampling groups whose livelihoods were closely related to the purpose of the study, there was greater mapping effort in household sampling groups compared to volunteer groups, and participant domicile had strong effects on mapped results through spatial discounting. The use of online Internet panels provides higher response rates but lower spatial data quality. Future research should focus on increasing sampling response rates, assessing social trade‐offs using alternative spatial weighting schemes, and examining the capacity of the public to select land use alternatives as a complement to traditional expert‐driven planning systems.     

Community Geography: Addressing Barriers in Public Participation GIS

Early advocates of Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) envisioned a future in which members of the public (broadly) and members of marginalized communities (specifically) would utilize geographic information and spatial technologies to affect positive change within their communities. Yet in spite of the emergence and success of PPGIS, open source geospatial tools, and the geoweb, access barriers recognized by proponents of PPGIS in the mid-1990s persist. As a result, PPGIS facilitators continue to be instrumental in addressing access barriers to geospatial technologies among resource poor organizations and marginalized groups. ‘Community geography’, is a growing area of academic geography that leverages university community partnerships to facilitate access to spatial technology, data, and analysis. Experiences from community geography programmes at three universities (Chicago State University, Syracuse University, and Columbus State University) demonstrate the benefits and challenges of a facilitated model of PPGIS.     

Index to Cartography and Geographic Information Science,Volume 27

A number of decision support systems (DSS) were evaluated prior to commencing public participatory geographic information systems (PPGIS) workshops within a small rural town undergoing rapid development. A paucity of existing information regarding the capabilities of these tools and their utility in supporting various PPGIS applications was noted. In order to improve this situation and to better understand the strengths and limitations of the selected DSS CommunityViz, we monitored and measured its utility in supporting community-based spatial decision-making processes from both a technologist and citizen's perspective. Results indicate that CommunityViz has several strengths; however, the software exhibits some weaknesses in the context of our study. In assessing these results we realized that the utility of such findings could be much enhanced if contained within a structure that enables comparison between various DSS. Thus, a major objective was to develop and apply a DSS Evaluation Matrix (DSSEM) that can be used by PPGIS practitioners and participants to evaluate DSS in various project settings. The application of DSSEM will help formalize evaluations of DSS and encourage dissemination of results. Furthermore, it will assist practitioners, citizens, and agencies to make better choices when selecting DSS for PPGIS applications and provide DSS developers with the appropriate information to improve tool design.     

PPGIS及其在加拿大安大略省核废料处理选址项目中的应用

介绍了公众参与地理信息系统，给出了一个应用项目——加拿大安大略省核废料处理设施选址公众参与地理信息系统。     

Public Participation GIS: a FOSS architecture enabling field-data collection

Driven by the rise of Web 2.0 and the non-stop spread of mobile device sensors, the concept of Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) is knowing a revolutionary era which perfectly fits the new vision of Digital Earth (DE). This research investigates the opportunity to build up a PPGIS prototype with completely Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) architecture, in which data directly come from field surveys carried out by users. A sample application related to urban monitoring is addressed, which concentrates on user field-collected data concerning reports of road pavement damages. Open Data Kit suite allows users to collect geotagged multimedia information using mobile devices with onboard location sensors (e.g. a Global Positioning System receiver). On field-captured data are sent to a server and stored into a PostgreSQL database with PostGIS spatial extension. GeoServer then disseminates data on the Web. On the client-side, different solutions allow data visualization on both desktop computers and mobile devices. The designed architecture provided support for FOSS usage in the process of gathering, uploading, and Web publishing information collected in situ. The implementation of the developed PPGIS could thus substantially increase public active participation in data creation and sharing, besides enlarging DE knowledge up to the local level.     

Spatial Annotation Technology for Public Deliberation

Many public policies and decisions deal with geospatially expressed problems that are complex and controversial in nature. Broad participation of all interested parties in the form of deliberative dialogues is crucial to making trustworthy decisions. However, supporting deliberative dialogues on spatial problems places unique requirements for technology mediation that go beyond the current state of research on public participation geographical information systems (PPGIS) and related technologies. In this article, we analyze the challenges of facilitating effective deliberation processes and highlight the progress needed to support spatially-enabled public deliberation technologies. Then, we present our GeoDeliberative Annotation Technology (GeoDAT) as a framework for addressing the above challenges. GeoDAT uses spatial annotation objects as models for deliberative artifacts, and manages annotations by a spatial data model that reflects the ecological relationships among annotations, visual contexts, discussion threads, spatial referents, and the cognitive states of their holders. As a proof of the concept, we have implemented GeoDeliberator based on the GeoDAT framework. GeoDeliberator is based on Web 2.0 technology and implemented in AJAX technology, and it offers some unique spatial annotation capture, retrieval and visualization capabilities, such as context memory, reference to multiple geo-objects in one annotation, inferring and visualizing new relations using spatial-temporal and thread-based reasoning, and user-controlled annotation sharing. We demonstrate the utility of GeoDeliberator through a simulated scenario where a community in a university campus deliberates on the alternative courses of actions available for building a smoke-free campus.