彩色红外航空遥感技术在西藏农田非耕地系数测算中的应用研究与实践

西藏自治区的耕地多分布在藏东、藏南河谷地带,多数耕地地块破碎,形态各异,并且有大量的非耕地成分混杂其间,即使采用大比例尺图件,也难以测量准确的耕地面积。为准确查清耕地面积,在西藏土地资源调查工作中,独创地采用了彩色红外条带航空摄影,计算机图像处理系统求算彩色红外航空像片耕地样地中非耕地系数值和建立不同地貌、不同耕地类型非耕地系数检索表等系统的方法。该方法已在全藏调查工作中普遍推广,提高了调查精度,缩短了调查时间,大大减少了人力和经费投入。该项研究为我国山区耕地面积调查提供了有效的手段。     

浅谈川区土地详查中的外业工作

为了减少耕地的浪费,乱占乱用,保护耕地管理利用好土地,对此,必须对土地利用现状进行调查,土地详查是为国家计划部门、统计部门提供各类土地的详细准确的数据,为土地管理部门提供基础资料而进行的调查。本文将以宁夏红寺堡开发区1:10000的外业土地详查为例,概略叙述川区土地详查的外业情况。     

省级耕地田坎系数测定方法研究

本文以福建省为例,分析了第一轮土地详查使用的田坎系数的缺陷,从影响田坎系数因素出发,结合目前正在开展的土地更新调查工作,提出建立“样点区”、“样点村”,应用DRG、DOM、DEM的省级耕地田坎系数测定方法,为查清耕地面积,加强耕地保护提供基础     

遥感技术在土地管理中的应用

本文仅对遥感技术在土地详查、城镇地籍调查、耕地保护方面的应用研究加以阐述。     

利用彩色红外航空象片和TM图象进行土地资源调查

目前,我国正在全国范围内进行土地资源调查。为了探讨利用遥感技术及时、详细、准确、经济地进行大面积土地资源调查,本文想以利用彩色红外航空象片完成天津市土地利用现状详查和对北京地区TM图象初步分析的结果为例作些讨论。一、彩色红外航空象片和TM图象在地类识别中的应用 (一)彩色红外航空象片的应用 通过利用1:5万放大至1:2.5万的彩色红外航空象片进行天津市土地利用现状详查工作,我们认为,大比例尺彩色红外航空象片,可以满足我国东部农业区土地利用现状详     

浅谈第二次土地调查地类调查

第二次土地调查的土地分类与已有的土地分类不同,在调查中对土地分类的判定方法有偏差就会在土地详查、土地利用更新调查中产生差异。因此,如何准确、合理地判定每块土地的分类,对全面查清土地利用状况,掌握真实的土地基础数据十分重要。本文在分析《第二次全国土地调查技术规程》的土地分类基础上,结合辽宁省实践提出了一些想法,为开展第二次土地调查进行地类调查提供参考。     

基于DEM的四川省坡度图制作

第一次土地调查耕地坡度级由于采用传统方法进行量算,导致耕地系数、耕地净面积精度不高。为克服其不足,在四川省第二次土地调查中,以ArcGIS为平台,在对四川省DEM数据进行预处理的基础上,综合分析四川地形地貌特点,通过试验区验证来确定坡度计算模型进而开发坡度计算软件,制作完成按行政区划分幅（省、市、县）和按地形图分幅（1：10万、1：5万）的坡度图和坡度级图。通过对成果进行的大量验证工作（包括地形图验证和野外实地核查）表明成果中坡度级图斑和耕地图斑坡度级准确率高,数据可靠,并在四川省第二次土地调查耕地田坎样方布设以及数据库建设中全面应用。     

贵州省万亩耕地大坝调查及成果图集的编制

在贵州省万亩耕地大坝调查项目中应用1:1万DEM进行山区坡度自动量测,辅助农田面积量测,得出目前最准确的贵州省万亩耕地大坝数据集,编制<贵州省万亩耕地大坝图集>,为贵州省耕地保护、国土资源合理开发利用及农业经济管理工作提供可靠的基础资料.     

GPS在土地变更调查中的应用研究

土地变更调查是保持土地详查数据现势性的得要手段，目前广泛采用调查方法受很多因素影响，很难获取变化图斑的准确空间位置，通过试验区研究，探索GPS技术用于土地变更调查（检查，抽查）的工作流程。     

论第二次土地调查与土地详查的主要区别

本文针对第二次全国土地调查任务与特点,阐述了土地详查与第二次土地调查在调查技术手段,土地分类标准,面积量算与检查方式等方面存在的主要差异,以利于更好的理解与掌握第二次土地调查中的相关技术要点,提高土地调查的效率与成果质量。     

一种深度卷积神经网络土地利用场景照片的分类方法

国土调查多角度实景举证照片具有视角多、分辨率高、层次丰富和剖面清晰的特点，透视且细致地刻画了土地利用图斑赋存状况和场景，弥补了遥感影像单一天顶视角的不足。本文基于语义分割提出了一种深度卷积神经网络（DCNN）实景照片土地利用场景分类方法，多语义标记照片场景，语义组合智能判定照片土地利用类别。该方法成功地应用在第三次国土调查照片自动核查工作中，减轻了人工判读工作量，提高了土地利用场景自动识别的精度。     

基于LiDAR的农田地形环境三维重建方法

为克服传统农田土地平整测量方法耗时费力的特点，提出采用LiDAR技术对农田地形进行重建的探索性研究。通过HDL-32E型激光雷达等搭建了系统的硬件平台，应用C++语言编写了系统数据的采集程序；在此基础上对激光雷达所采集数据进行了标定，研究了农田地形重建系统中不同坐标系的转换方法；同时基于最小值去噪法设计了更适用于农田地形点云去噪的均值限差去噪法。通过对比在农田起伏较大区域不同坡度范围内RTK与激光雷达所测单元个数，对系统精度进行了评价；最后实现了车载农田地形重建系统的界面显示、应用与精度评估。结果表明，在10°~15°、25°~30°大坡度范围内激光雷达所获农田地形更为丰富，精度更高。该方法重建的农田地形模型点云数据和原始农田地形点云数据投影面积逼近度可达93%，验证了本文研究方法应用于农田地形环境重建的可行性，同时为今后的土地精细平整工作提供了理论参考与依据。     

浅谈珠海市土地利用现状图的利用和统计方法

土地利用现状图,即反映土地利用的现状的图形。它以土地现状调查图为依据,用界址拐点,权属界线相应的地物图式符号及注记,表示土地权属的合法性,并利用权属界线量算出土地的权属单位的准确面积,从而满足土地登记和管理的需要。它来源于现代测绘科学技术结合地理信息系统。本文详细介绍了珠海市土地利用现状图的利用和统计方法。     

Shallow Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Stereo Air Photos and Thematic Maps

Overlay (or heuristic) models have been shown to be a reasonable method to generate landslide susceptibility maps. However, overlay models are subjective and rely on expert judgment. The method developed here employs an overlay model but it tries to estimate certain parameters, such as slope angle or distance to streams, in a more quantitative manner. Each individual factor believed to have an influence on mass wasting processes is scaled to a value between 0 and 1. All different factors are then multiplied, producing the degree of stability, D_f, which lies on a ratio scale, rather than a nominal or interval scale. Thus, a pseudo probability of failure can be obtained. The data required are derived partly from thematic maps and partly from stereo air photos. The air photo stereo pair is used to automatically derive a digital elevation model which is then used to create an orthoimage of an area. The air photos are also used to develop a land use map, an important component in estimating landslide susceptibility. This methodology was tested on a section of the Santa Monica Mountains near Malibu, California. The resulting map both visually and statistically appears to successfully identify problematic areas. Although the methodology was primarily developed to identify shallow slides, the crest of a large, deep-seated landslide was also recognized. The general methodology should be easily adaptable to other regions or could be applied with a different set of factors than those considered in this specific case.     

石屏县土地更新调查的影像解译结果分析

利用2005年SPOT-5高分辨率卫星影像,运用RS、GIS、GPS等新的技术手段,分析、提取了石屏县土地利用变化信息。结果显示,石屏县新的土地控制面积为3 041.37km2,与2004年变更调查统相比较,现有辖区面积增加0.53km2。土地利用类型以农业用地为主,面积达25.40 536×104hm2,占总土地面积的83.53%。通过以高分辨率卫星影像进行更新调查,有效掌握石屏县土地利用状况和动态变化,查清土地利用结构,调整土地供应,有效利用土地资源提供了翔实的基础资料和科学依据。     

An assessment of a collaborative mapping approach for exploring land use patterns for several European metropolises

Until recently, land surveys and digital interpretation of remotely sensed imagery have been used to generate land use inventories. These techniques however, are often cumbersome and costly, allocating large amounts of technical and temporal costs. The technological advances of web 2.0 have brought a wide array of technological achievements, stimulating the participatory role in collaborative and crowd sourced mapping products. This has been fostered by GPS-enabled devices, and accessible tools that enable visual interpretation of high resolution satellite images/air photos provided in collaborative mapping projects. Such technologies offer an integrative approach to geography by means of promoting public participation and allowing accurate assessment and classification of land use as well as geographical features. OpenStreetMap (OSM) has supported the evolution of such techniques, contributing to the existence of a large inventory of spatial land use information. This paper explores the introduction of this novel participatory phenomenon for land use classification in Europe's metropolitan regions. We adopt a positivistic approach to assess comparatively the accuracy of these contributions of OSM for land use classifications in seven large European metropolitan regions. Thematic accuracy and degree of completeness of OSM data was compared to available Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Urban Atlas (GMESUA) datasets for the chosen metropolises. We further extend our findings of land use within a novel framework for geography, justifying that volunteered geographic information (VGI) sources are of great benefit for land use mapping depending on location and degree of VGI dynamism and offer a great alternative to traditional mapping techniques for metropolitan regions throughout Europe. Evaluation of several land use types at the local level suggests that a number of OSM classes (such as anthropogenic land use, agricultural and some natural environment classes) are viable alternatives for land use classification. These classes are highly accurate and can be integrated into planning decisions for stakeholders and policymakers.     

土地调查数据分发管理系统应用浅析

通过对土地调查数据分发管理系统分析研究,以实现高效应用多源海量数据、合理分析、有序分发、精准对接、快速开展工作,辅助第三次全国国土调查工作快速准确开展,并提供有力的系统支撑和技术支撑。     

Drainage reversal in dharmapuri area in tamilnadu and its effects

Anomalies have been noticed in the Nagavati River and the Semmandakuppam ar drainage systems of the Dharmapuri area in the form of abrupt changes in the drainage pattern, elbow turning of tributary streams etc. On a detailed geomorphological study of the area using air photos, it has bsen observed that the anomalous situation is due to successive stages of development of the Nagavati R. at the cost of Semmandakuppam ar in the overall evolution of the landforms in the area. The Nagavati R. apppears to have originated as a very minor obsequent stream at an escarpment bank of the Cauvery R. which has been flowing in the southern part of the Dharmapuri pediplain. Owing probably to the uplift of the area and a concommittant reactivation of a regional shear, the Nagavati R has made successive headward advances into the pediplain, and in the process, has captured the upper reaches of the Semmandakuppam ar which is a tributary to the Ponnaiyar R. that drains the uplifted pediment even at present. The process of dissection and headward erosion by the Nagavati R. is still active and could possibly lead to a total capture of the Semmandakuppam ar and even the diversion of the Ponnaiyar R. head-waters into the Cauvery system. Of imminemt concern is the fast spreading badland which is developing at the head of the Nagavati R. at the expense of valuable agricultural land and a highway lying immediately west of the Dharmapuri town.     

基于栅格尺度的土地利用适宜性评价研究

土地利用适宜性对于土地利用规划和管理具有重要的现实意义。本文基于栅格数据,以黑龙江省嫩江县为研究区,利用在高程、坡度、坡向方面的分布特征,采用层次分析法确定指标权重,通过模糊综合评价法对已确定权值的指标进行综合评价。研究结果表明,研究区土地利用主要分为宜农区和宜林区,宜农区中中度宜农区所占比例最大,宜林区中中度宜林区所占比例最大,研究区土地利用适宜性分布具有明显的空间特征。     

模式识别技术在贵州岩溶山区土地利用现状调查中的应用

本文主要介绍如何利用TM图像和计算机模式识别技术,对我国南方一个地类多、地块小而分布零散的岩溶山区的土地利用现状进行调查的方法和结果,并简介了提高计算机模式识别精度的几个措施。通过工作,建立了相应的土地管理信息系统,并对调查结果进行了对比验证,证明调查精度能满足要求。