西藏尕尔穷铜金矿多光谱遥感地质特征与外围找矿预测

尕尔穷铜金矿的发现是近年来在西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带西段取得的重要找矿突破之一,目前已发现的矿体类型主要有接触交代矽卡岩型和构造破碎带型2种。前人在该区的研究已经注意到矽卡岩与花岗斑岩的成生联系,斑岩型矿产的成矿潜力较大。该文利用多光谱遥感图像,以寻找区内斑岩型矿床为目标,开展了线性构造、环形构造、铁帽类色要素和围岩分带的遥感解译,基于主成分分析法提取了遥感羟基异常和铁染异常。研究结果表明:区内主要发育NW-NNW向、NE-NNE向和近SN向3组线性构造;环形构造按组合样式可划分为5个环形构造系;铁帽类色要素与遥感异常较吻合;区内围岩分带较复杂,但多属斑岩铜矿成矿的有利围岩。综合分析认为,5个环形构造系为进一步找矿的重点区域。     

苏门答腊岛DMC多光谱数据地质应用初步分析

利用灾后苏门答腊岛DMC32米多光谱遥感图像,经过几何精校正、主要地名标注、波段B2(R)、B1(G)、B3(B)组合和直方图正态增强处理制作了影像图,图像总体纹理信息较弱,但对海啸受灾区有突出作用。为了突出不同区域植被的色差和纹理信息,对影像图进行比值增强组合处理实验,比值增强处理后的图像对空间纹理有增强效果。依据DMC增强图像显示的纹理影像特征,通过人机交互方式对图像中有较明显规律的线状和环状纹理信息进行提取和制图,作为进一步分析该地区构造活动及与之相关地质灾害的基础依据。通过对图像的纹理信息综合分析,发现该地区存在着大量的线形纹理信息和一些环形和火山机构影像信息,这些影像特征可能与该地区的一些地质活动有关,如新构造运动、活动断裂和火山活动中心、火山机构等。结合已知的地质、遥感三维立体图像和早期的TM图像资料,根据遥感图像上显示的特殊的地形和水系、线性纹理分布特征和典型地质体与断裂构造的遥感解译标志,对部分线性影像和环状影像的地质意义进行了解译,认为北西断裂为岛内的主干断裂,其次是与其相垂直配套的北东向断裂。初步分析了可能控制或诱发该地区地质灾害的断裂分布特征,推断出三处泥石流、崩塌、滑坡等地质灾易发区和两处火山活动可能区域。所推断的地质灾害易发区具备了泥石流、崩塌、滑坡等灾害形成、流通、堆积等先决条件,如果植被遭到破坏,一旦遇到强降雨影响,极有可能诱发上述地质灾害。火山活动区均处于北东向断裂带与北西向断裂带的交汇部位,根据地质构造和遥感影像特征分析推断,区内地震及火山活动有可能受板块活动地震影响而再次激活,形成新的地质灾害。以上遥感地质信息,在进一步经过相关资料和实地调查证实后,对岛内灾后重建及减灾、抗灾等活动具有积极指导意义。     

多种信息复合在含油区深部构造研究中的应用

研究区位于四川盆地的东北部,是一个油气的重要勘探区。为了进一步缩小勘探靶区,在10万平方公里的范围内采用了卫星遥感影像与区域地球物理资料(航磁,重力)的复合研究,同时与区域地质资料进行综合分析,发现了一些与油气田分析密切相关的长期活动的隐伏断层以及一系列的环形构造,为进一步油气勘探,提供了一批远景地区。     

陇南环与西成铅锌矿田的关系

西成铅锌矿田地处我国腹地,位于甘肃省西和县、成县及徽县境内,是我国重要的有色金属矿产基地。 矿田所在区,环形构造发育。陇南环为一巨型同心圆环状环形构造,由东西向、北东向及北西向三组串环交汇形成。 陇南环构造位于秦岭褶皱系中段,区内线性构造复杂,其中东西向、南北向及北东向线性构造规模较大,属壳源性基底型断裂。陇南环内的西成矿田一带泥盆纪的海盆形态受该环形构造的发生、发展控制,其环核部位为一水下隆起。 在陇南环展布范围内,东西向断裂系控制着成矿带的展布;北东向断裂系与东西向断裂系的复合部位控制着矿田;而南北向或北…     

遥感信息量化处理在西昌地区构造解析及油气远景预测中的应用

该文从地质遥感信息定量分析着手、通过对遥感图像进行处理和信息提取, 新发现大量重要地质构造信息。并按不同构造层次对线性、环形构造等信息进行了量化处理, 进一步建立了研究区区域构造和重要构造区带遥感信息三维彩色量化解析模式。通过区域断裂系统量化解析, 确定了相对稳定的含油气构造地块和重要的构造区带; 通过重要构造区带遥感解译的环形构造及与其有成因联系的环状、放射状大节理的量化处理和定量解析, 确定了含油气局部构造。最后通过局部构造综合评价研究, 预测了含油气远景区。     

用温度植被干旱指数识别河源地区隐伏构造

针对遥感技术在植被覆盖区构造信息提取的难点,使用Landsat 7 ETM+数据提取温度植被干旱指数(TVDI),结合数字高程模型(Digital elevation model,DEM)、GF-1数据和Google earth图像,对河源地区的隐伏断裂构造进行综合解译.综合解译结果对区内大部分的隐伏断裂构造都能很好地反映,可较好地识别规模为1～2 km的次级隐伏断裂构造,以及一些延伸规模10 km以上的断裂.结果表明:TVDI线性异常能够指示隐伏断层的存在,结合DEM及多光谱数据综合解译方法能有效识别植被覆盖区隐伏断层,研究结果对植被覆盖区隐伏断层构造研究具有很好的应用价值.     

江西相山铀矿田遥感影像呈现的新构造运动及其意义

通过Landsat 7 ETM+多光谱数字图像融合，对相山矿田的地表岩性、地貌景观及线环影像进行分析，共解译出NE向、NNW向、NWW向、SN向和EW向5组线性构造， 这些线性构造具有多期次活动的特点，其中NE向线性构造F2在第四纪的活动，使相山矿田北西部相对于南东部陷落，形成北西、南东两个各具特色的影像区，南东影像区剥蚀程度较大，北西影像区更适合找矿。     

西藏昂拉仁错环形构造剖析

卫星图像分析显示,青藏高原腹地阿里地区存在非常清晰的大型环形构造影像,结合遥感影像及地质等特征分析,认为昂拉仁错环形构造是雅鲁藏布江断裂带、班公湖-怒江断裂带南缘分支断裂和南北向展布的多桑地堑和亚热地堑为界所围陷的环形构造。其形成是在印度板块向欧亚板块俯冲的碰撞过程中,青藏高原在总体隆升的背景下,由于岩石圈受到南北向挤压、东西向拉张的影响,张性断裂活动性增强,后期火山活动频繁,形成了由不同方向断裂、不同时期岩浆活动构成的多层环形构造。     

斑岩型铜矿找矿预测中环形构造的示矿作用——以玉龙—马拉松多子区为研究区

在斑岩型铜矿资源潜力评价中,斑岩体是圈定铜矿最小找矿预测区的重要依据。研究表明,遥感图像上的许多环形影像与岩浆活动(包括斑岩体)有关。为了快速进行斑岩型铜矿成矿预测,利用遥感技术在西藏玉龙—马拉松多斑岩型铜矿周边地区开展了找矿预测。首先建立了环形构造的遥感解译标志;然后开展了环形构造的解译工作,研究了该区环形构造的展布特征;最后总结了由环形构造推断斑岩体的标志。结果表明,遥感解译的环形构造为该区斑岩型铜矿最小找矿预测区的圈定提供了重要依据。     

南北地震带北段环形构造及其控震作用(摘要)

1.环形构造解译 本区位于我国南北地震带北段(武都至海原)。本文利用陆地卫星MSS、TM合成图像和部分航片,以及经过大量的光学影像增强处理的图像提取了大量环形影像,并结合地形地貌、地质、地震及地球物理资料分析,解译出直径大于15km的环形构造33个。据至1991年底的地震历史记载,区内共发生M≥4级的地震94次,统计结果表明,其中68次位于环形构造的内部或边缘,占总数的72%。 2.环形构造的控震作用 研究环形构造及其控震作用,有助于提高对本区地震构造环境研究的深度和广度,从而对本区地震危险性评价和地震的预测预报有一定的实际意义。 (1…     

川南区域构造变形及应力场遥感图像定量解析

采用区域构造变形及应力场遥感图像分层解析法，利用遥感TM图像对研究区宏观构造及有关的横张大节理系统进行详细解译，结合物探资料并应用力学方法对区域构造变形场和应力场进行了计算与分析，建立了该区构造变形场和应力场的三维彩色定量解析模式图，通过综合分析研究，对该区构造组合的空间格局及其控矿（油气）规律进行了探讨。     

Spatial variation in elephant impact on the Zambezi teak forest in the Chobe national park,Botswana

Abstract

Tectonic mapping and geologic evolution of a region were historically conducted on the basis of field observations. After the advent of remote sensing technology, tectonic mapping became much easier and structural mapping through imagery has gained credibility and suitability in regional mapping, tectonic evolution and modeling. In this regard, an attempt has been made to make use of the satellite technology to bring out the structural trends and the fracture/lineament pattern in Biligirirangan region of Northern Tamil Nadu through satellite remote sensing. The folded architecture in Biligirirangan region has evolved from structural trends. The subsurface structures of the region were derived through resistivity contours and resistivity images created by GIS software.

The surficial information derived from the satellite imagery and subsurface structures derived from the resistivity contours and images were integrated with field observations. This integration has given a clear tectonic picture of the Biligirirangan region and the tectonic structures were then analysed for tectonic forces, evolution and modeling.

The study determined that the Structural trends were mostly in a N‐S direction and the folds were of isoclinal type with alternating synclinal and anticlinal folds of an easterly dipping nature. These folds in conjunction with the lineaments have brought out the palaeostress pattern of the Biligirirangan region. The study further suggests that the regional compressive force trending in ENE‐WSW direction was responsible for the present configuration of folds. In addition, the study also focuses the efficacy of the satellite imagery in tectonic analysis and the resistivity contours and images for the subsurface structural analysis.     

遥感技术在腾冲西南地区地热资源研究预测中的应用

利用TM数据,对滇西腾冲西南地区进行地质构造解译,阐明了该区多地热活动的原因.通过对TM6波段热红外异常信息的提取,经构造解译与地热异常分布区的叠加分析,发现了该区地热富集的规律性,提出了地热田的遥感影像模式.据此,预测出腾冲西南地区62处水热活动Ⅰ级异常区.     

一类隐蔽油气藏的TM图像解译模型

本文主要探讨了与压实褶皱有关的一类隐蔽油气藏的TM图像解译原理。根据压实褶皱的成因机制,对其盖层应力分布状况及其在后期构造运动中的受力变动情况进行了分析,提出与压实褶皱同时伴生的还有一系列特殊的裂隙型式,它们不仅为油气的储集提供了空间,而且在空间上还组成了特殊的组合型式(图像上呈现一定的图案),它们经过后期的风化剥蚀后可呈现出典型地貌特征。利用TM图像具有多波段、适中分辨率的优势可以在图像上对这些特殊的裂隙型式进行识别,从而可直接在图像上解译出埋丘、礁体、碎屑灰岩体、较纯的砂岩体、盐丘等形式的隐蔽油气构造。为进行油气勘探的靶区预测提供了一种更为迅速经济的手段。     

Usage of ERS SAR data over the Singhbhum Shear Zone,India for structural mapping and tectonic studies

The extraction of lineaments and anomalous patterns in the Singhbhum Shear Zone, Jharkhand, India, has multifaceted applications for mineral exploration as well as for geological interpretation of neotectonic movements. ERS-1 SAR data are very useful for such applications because of their structural information content. A comparative study has been attempted with ERS, Landsat and IRS images for the interpretation of various geological structures over the Singhbhum Shear Zone. The Rose diagram generated from this study has shown major trends that matched well with the geological map of the area and the associated tectonic boundary as well as with the results obtained from ground based studies.     

Remote Sensing and GIS Based Landslide Susceptibility Assessment using Binary Logistic Regression Model: A Case Study in the Ganeshganga Watershed, Himalayas

A comprehensive Landslide Susceptibility Zonation (LSZ) map is sought for adopting any landslide preventive and mitigation measures. In the present study, LSZ map of landslide prone Ganeshganga watershed (known for Patalganga Landslide) has been generated using a binary logistic regression (BLR) model. Relevant thematic layers pertaining to the causative factors for landslide occurrences, such as slope, aspect, relative relief, lithology, tectonic structures, lineaments, land use and land cover, distance to drainage, drainage density and anthropogenic factors like distance to road, have been generated using remote sensing images, field survey, ancillary data and GIS techniques. The coefficients of the causative factors retained by the BLR model along with the constant have been used to construct the landslide susceptibility map of the study area, which has further been categorized into four landslide susceptibility zones from high to very low. The resultant landslide susceptibility map was validated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showing an accuracy of 95.2 % for an independent set of test samples. The result also showed a strong agreement between distribution of existing landslides and predicted landslide susceptibility zones.     

遥感影像定向光照增强及构造解译

多光谱假彩色合成遥感影像已经广泛应用于线性构造解译,受构造应力场制约,区域构造均具有显著的定向性,当卫星影像拍摄时光照方向与区域线性构造方向不能匹配时,构造特征常常不能很好显示,从而影响解译效果。文章提出一种利用数字高程模型模拟特定方向光照模型增强多光谱影像的新方法,用垂直于解译目标的最佳光照模型替代原光照模型以增强区域构造线性特征,同一地区对不同方向的构造解译采用了不同方向的光照模型,有效提高了线性构造信息的可解译程度。以四川盆地西侧的龙门山以南地区为例,进行了断裂构造的遥感解译,对该区地震研究和油气勘探工作具有参考意义。     

黔西南地区遥感构造与金矿的关系及找矿预测

遥感图像显示黔西南地区有两个地层区——台地相区和槽盆相区。复合内生微细浸染型金矿均产于短轴背斜、穹窿和与之伴生的断裂内,因此遥感解译的正向环形构造和环形影像对找矿有重要意义。另外,区内金矿与遥感解译推测的隐伏断裂也有一定关系。基于上述认识,以ETM+和GeoEye数据为数据源生成融合图像,进行遥感构造解译和分析,圈定了金矿找矿预测区,为进一步开展贵州省矿产资源潜力评价和找矿工作提供了参考依据。     

线性构造与环状构造在工程地质研究中的实践意义

在卫星像片上,众多线性影像与环状影像显示清晰。研究证明,这些线性影像和环形影像均是地表一些线性构造和环形构造的映像,而这些线性、环形构造与矿产、水、油气矿藏形成分布、地震活动、工程地质及地壳稳定性等,都有着密切的关系。因此,进一步深入研究线性构造、环状构造,具有重要的实际意义。     

Efficiency Evaluating of Automatic Lineament Extraction by Means of Remote Sensing (Case Study: Venarch,Iran)

One of the main geological evidence for many ore-bearing deposits and mineralized regions is the existence of points in highly fractured zones and the fragmentation intensity resulted from development of hydrothermal alteration along the fractures, the process leading to the occurrence of ore deposits. In this paper, a new algorithm has been proposed including a set of image processing techniques for detection the lineaments in satellite images by means of programming in MATLAB environment. The set of utilized methods includes line segment extraction by EDLine algorithm, merging line segments by Tavares method and linking the resulting line segments based on the collinearity and proximity criterion. The tectonic structures were stabilized by B-Spline curve fitting. The proposed algorithms were implemented on the ASTER image of a structurally multiple fractured region located in the central Iran, and the lineament map of Venarch area has been depicted. The results obtained from the proposed algorithms indicate a high accuracy of the operations detection of 80% for the reference map lineaments and the overall accuracy of the method is effectively reported as 62%. Combination of the above algorithms proposes a new method that precisely resulted in obtaining image processing of geological evidence for increasing the accuracy and decreasing the risk, before any field operations.