基于GIS的湖南农业大学土地利用景观格局变化分析

以湖南农业大学为研究区,对2005年和2010年的遥感影像进行土地利用景观分类,选取并计算具有代表性的景观指数,结合GIS的空间分析技术,从景观的总体和单元特征、空间构型和景观异质性等方面对景观变化情况进行分析。结果表明,经过五年的建设,研究区大量其他景观转变为绿地景观、道路景观、生活设施景观、娱乐场地景观及教学设施景观。尽管土地利用程度加大,但景观格局日趋合理,功能分区进一步明确,且生态环境得到较好的保护。     

基于3S的湿地景观格局动态变化研究——以银川平原为例

文章应用1991年的TM图像和2006年的ETM图像,将研究区湿地类型分为自然湿地(包括河流湿地、湖泊湿地、灌丛湿地)和人工湿地(包括水塘、输水渠、水产池塘),提取研究区两个时期的湿地景观,并应用斑块数量、斑块面积、破碎度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数和分维数指数分析了研究区的湿地景观变化情况。结果表明:从1991年到2006年,银川平原的湿地斑块数量和面积减小幅度很大,在研究时段内银川平原自然湿地的面积均大于人工湿地,但是自然湿地占有比例下降,人工湿地比例上升。从景观格局来看,1991年到2006年间,银川平原湿地景观的破碎度和优势度指数降低,多样性指数和分维数指数略有增加。     

黑河下游土地利用与景观格局时空特征分析

基于研究区1986年LandSat TM和2003年LandSat ETM 遥感影像资料,综合运用遥感与GIS技术手段,结合FRAGSTATS景观格局分析软件,就近17 a来黑河下游额济纳流域土地利用与景观格局变化进行了分析,并探讨了引起变化的驱动因素。结果表明:研究区草地、林地、水域及耕地面积减少,居民工矿建设用地和未利用土地面积显著增加;景观破碎化程度降低,多样性及异质性程度减小,稳定性降低;气候的暖干化趋势、黑河下泄水量的持续减少以及人类不合理的经济活动是黑河下游土地利用和景观格局变化的主要原因。     

基于地理国情数据的土地利用景观格局分析

基于安徽省地理国情数据,结合相关统计资料,利用Arc GIS10.3软件属性列表中的统计工具,获取2015年、2016年和2017年8种景观类型的相关国情数据,再用FRAGSTATS4.2软件计算出各个年份的景观格局指数,从而分析研究区2015年、2016年和2017年的土地利用景观格局现状。结果表明,2015～2017年耕地、林地、草地、未利用地及水域景观类型面积呈减少趋势,园地、建设用地、交通用地景观类型均呈现增长趋势。景观斑块数目增加,景观的破碎程度增强,多样性指数和均匀度指数逐渐微增,宿松县土地利用景观格局变化明显。宿松县2015年、2016年和2017年生态风险综合指数分别为0.100 6、0.101 7和0.102 1,虽处于极低生态风险等级,但呈现增加态势,景观生态安全的压力增大。     

十堰市郧阳区柳陂镇土地利用景观格局分析

采用2003年和2009年两期柳陂镇TM遥感影像,运用景观生态学原理,结合景观格局分析软件,分别从斑块和景观水平指数上分析了土地利用景观格局,并对其土地利用景观类型进行了动态分析,揭示了其变化原因和内在规律,对研究区生态治理、景观规划与管理、资源的有效利用和生物多样性保护具有重要意义。     

米易县土地利用景观格局动态变化分析

土地利用是全球环境变化研究的热点问题之一,本文在对米易县土地利用变化分析的过程中,引入景观格局分析方法开展土地利用动态变化的研究。采用ERDAS软件对1988年和2003年的两期遥感数据进行处理,结合Fragstats3.3景观格局分析软件,分别在斑块水平指数和景观水平指数上对研究区土地利用景观类型进行动态分析,揭示其变化原因和内在规律,为研究区生态治理提供数据支撑。并对景观的规划与管理、资源的有效利用和生物多样性保护具有重要意义。     

城市景观格局及其时空变化研究

基于Erdas Imaging9.0、Arc GIS9.3以及Fragstats 3.3软件平台,对吉林市1991年、2006年TM遥感影像进行土地利用变化分析,研究斑块尺度以及景观类型尺度上的景观特征指数,从而揭示景观格局特征变化和时空演变规律。结果表明,2006年吉林市景观整体较1991年具有较低的破碎度、多样性和聚集度,建筑用地、水域、水田面积增加,旱地、林地面积减少,其中旱地和村庄2类景观变化比例最大。     

三峡水库建设前后10年库区景观空间格局动态变化研究——以重庆开县为例

在遥感和地理信息系统技术的支持下,以1992年和2002年TM图像为基础,采用斑块密度、斑块平均面积、景观形状指数、景观分离度指数、景观多样性指数、景观优势度指数、景观相对聚集度指数深入而全面地研究了三峡工程建设前后十年重庆开县景观空间格局的动态变化,本研究的开展旨在为库区生态环境保护提供科学依据。研究结果表明,十年间研究区景观空间格局发生了明显变化,草地、未利用地、旱地、果园和水田面积净减,森林、建设用地、灌木林和水域面积增加,退耕还林已初见成效。     

基于TM影像的曲阜市农村居民点空间景观分析

以曲阜市为研究区,利用2005年TM遥感影像,经过校正、人机交互目视解译得到该研究区空间景观结构矢量图,提取居民点斑块,然后利用景观生态学数量方法分析研究区农村居民点空间景观分布特征.研究表明,研究区农村居民点规模较小,分布零散,平原地区农村居民点平均面积为15.67 hm2,山区居民点平均面积为7.94hm2.这样的...     

眉山市东坡区景观生态信息初步分析

利用景观生态学格局分析方法,将东坡区景观分成耕地、林地、草地、水体、建筑用地和裸地景观六大类。通过遥感影像判读解译,得到上述六类景观基本形状数据。通过计算得到各景观的斑块总面积指数、景观类型所占景观面积的比例指数、斑块数指数、最大斑块指数、平均斑块面积指数、景观破碎化指数、景观优势度指数和多样性指数等景观格局数,初步分析2000年和2007年该区景观格局变化,为经济开发和环境保护提供科学依据和决策支持。     

石羊河流域中游景观生态格局变化及驱动分析

以石羊河流域中游为研究区,首先利用多时相、多源遥感图像提取土地利用/土地覆盖信息,根据转移矩阵,定量研究了景观类型的变化趋势、变化面积、变化率及具体的转换类型;提取能够反映景观格局特征的相关指数,分析景观生态格局及景观异质性;最后,对其景观格局变化的驱动因素进行分析。通过本次研究可以增强对石羊河流域中游生态环境的科学认识,对促进该流域的综合治理具有一定的科学和实际意义。     

基于RS和GIS的深圳市景观格局时空变化研究

基于RS、GIS和景观生态学原理与方法,研究深圳市域景观的空间格局特征及其动态变化.采用ERDASIMAGINE遥感数据处理软件对1995年、1999年和2008年的TM遥感影像图进行数据预处理、监督分类以及分类后处理,并通过ArcMap对经过分类后处理的图像进行编辑,得到深圳市历年的景观分类图,应用FRAGSTATS...     

Performance evaluation of land change simulation models using landscape metrics

This study proposes a landscape metrics-based method for model performance evaluation of land change simulation models. To quantify model performance at both landscape and class levels, a set of composition- and configuration-based metrics including number of patches, class area, landscape shape index, mean patch area and mean Euclidean nearest neighbour distance were employed. These landscape metrics provided detailed information on simulation success of a cellular automata-Markov chain (CA-Markov) model standpoint of spatial arrangement of the simulated map versus the corresponding reference layer. As a measure of model simulation success, mean relative error (MRE) of the metrics was calculated. At both landscape and class levels, the MRE values were accounted for 22.73 and 10.2%, respectively, which are further categorised into qualitative measurements of model simulation performance for simple and quick comparison of the results. Findings of the present study depict a hierarchical and multi spatial level assessment of model performance.     

Oasis dynamics change and its influence on landscape pattern on Jinta oasis in arid China from 1963a to 2010a: Integration of multi-source satellite images

As one of the vital research highlights of global land use and cover change, oasis change and its interaction with landscape pattern have been regarded as an important content of regional environmental change research in arid areas. Jinta oasis, a typical agricultural oasis characterized by its dramatic exploitation and use of water and land resources in Hexi corridor, northwest arid region in China, was selected as a case to study the spatiotemporal oasis change and its effects on oasis landscape pattern. Based on integration of Keyhole satellite photographs, KATE-200 photographs, Landsat MSS, TM and ETM+ images, we evaluated and analyzed the status, trend and spatial pattern change of Jinta oasis and the characteristics of landscape pattern change by a set of mathematical models and combined this information with landscape metrics and community surveys. During the period of 1963a–2010a, Jinta oasis expanded gradually with an area increase of 219.15 km², and the conversion between oasis and desert was frequent with a state of “imbalance–balance–extreme imbalance conditions”. Moreover, most of the changes took place in the ecotone between oasis and desert and the interior of oasis due to the reclamation of abandoned land, such as Yangjingziwan and Xiba townships. Furthermore, the area, size and spatial distribution of oasis were influenced by human activities and resulted in fundamental changes of oasis landscape pattern. The fractal characteristics, dispersion degree and fragmentation of Jinta oasis decreased and the oasis landscape tended to be simple and uniform. Oasis change trajectories and its landscape pattern were mainly influenced by water resource utilization, policies (especially land policies), demographic factors, technological advancements, as well as regional economic development. We found that time series analysis of multi-source remote sensing images and the application of an oasis change model provided a useful approach to monitor oasis change over a long-term period in arid area. It is recommended that the government and farmers should pay more attention to the fragility of the natural system and the government should enhance the leading role of environmental considerations in the development process of oasis change, particularly with respect to the utilization of the limited water and land resources in arid China.     

Assessment of changes in urban green spaces of Mashad city using satellite data

Green spaces play important functions in urban environments. Reducing air pollution, providing shade and habitat for arboreal birds, producing oxygen, providing shelter against winds, recreational and aesthetic qualities and architectural applications are the main functions of urban green spaces. With the rapid change of urban area in Mashad city during the past decades, green spaces have been fragmented and dispersed causing impairment and dysfunction of these important urban elements. The objective of this study was to detect changes in extent and pattern of green areas of Mashad city and to analyze the results in terms of landscape ecology principles and functioning of the green spaces. In this research, we classified a Landsat TM and an IRS LISS-III image belonging to the years 1987 and 2006, respectively. We then used a post-classification comparison to determine the changes in green space areas of Mashad city during the 19 years covered by the images. Then, we applied landscape ecology calculations to derive metrics that quantified pattern of the changes in the green areas. The results showed that during 19 years from 1987, a significant decrease had occurred in the extent of urban green spaces with a concomitant fragmentation resulting in downgrading and destruction of the functions and services these areas provide. We conclude that the general quality of life in the central parts of the city has been diminished. We also state that a combination of remote sensing image classification, landscape metrics assessment and vegetation indices can provide a tool for assessing life quality and its trend for urban areas.     

基于GIS和景观生态学的土地整理景观研究

运用GIS技术和景观生态学理论方法,以安徽省淮南市潘集区市级投资重点土地整理项目为例,选取3类景观指标,对项目区内土地整理前后的土地利用现状和景观格局变化情况进行研究。结果表明： 景观类型中水田斑块占绝对优势,斑块分维数、形状指数呈下降趋势,表明斑块形状趋于规则和简单; 斑块数量和斑块密度降低,平均斑块面积和最大斑块面积增加,最大斑块指数增大,景观破碎度降低; 平均分维数和平均形状指数增大,表明景观形状较整理前变得规则,但总体形态变得复杂; 多样性指数和均匀度指数降低,表明在增加了景观分布均匀程度的同时降低了景观的多样性,景观类型有所减少。     

Landscape pattern and transition under natural and anthropogenic disturbance in an arid region of northwestern China

There is a pressing need to determine the relationships between driving variables and landscape transformations. Human activities shape landscapes and turn them into complex assemblages of highly diverse structures. Other factors, including climate and topography, also play significant roles in landscape transitions, and identifying the interactions among the variables is critical to environmental management. This study analyzed the configurations and spatial-temporal processes of landscape changes from 1998 to 2011 under different anthropogenic disturbances, identified the main variables that determine the landscape patterns and transitions, and quantified the relationships between pairs of driver sets. Landsat images of Baicheng and Tekes from 1998, 2006 and 2011 were used to classify landscapes by supervised classification. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and variation partitioning were performed to identify the main driving forces and to quantify the unique, shared, and total explained variation of the sets of variables. The results indicate that the proportions of otherwise identical landscapes in Baicheng and Tekes were very different. The area of the grassland in Tekes was much larger than that of the cropland; however, the differences between the grassland and cropland in Baicheng were not as pronounced. Much of the grassland in Tekes was located in an area that was near residents, whereas most of the grassland in Baicheng was far from residents. The slope, elevation, annual precipitation, annual temperature, and distance to the nearest resident were strong driving forces influencing the patterns and transitions of the landscapes. The results of the variation partitioning indicated complex interrelationships among all of the pairs of driver sets. All of the variable sets had significant explanatory roles, most of which had both unique and shared variations with the others. The results of this study can assist policy makers and planners in implementing sustainable landscape management and effective protection strategies.     

深圳市土地覆盖格局空间变化研究

以深圳市为研究对象,利用遥感影像和空间分析方法,研究了深圳市土地覆盖格局的梯度变化特征:各个土地覆盖类型的斑块形状指数沿梯度区呈先增大后减少的趋势,在城区内其值较低,城乡结合区其值较高;城区的斑块密度与边缘密度较小,聚集度较高,越靠近城乡结合处,斑块的密度越大.分析土地覆盖类型斑块平均形状指数和斑块聚集度的变化,可看出人为活动的干扰由市中心向郊区呈增强的趋势.     

基于空间连续数据的小流域景观格局破碎化研究

基于空间连续数据，采用局部空间关联指标（LISA）——局部Moran指数（Local Moran Index, LMI），通过探测小流域内景观均质性和异质性的变化情况来反映景观格局破碎化的变化过程。作为一种空间明确的景观格局研究方法，LMI能够发现流域景观格局变化过程中的热点地区，并分析其与流域土地利用变化之间的联系，明确了土地利用变化是引起小流域景观格局变化的最主要的驱动因素。研究表明，基于空间连续数据的局部空间关联指标方法可以作为传统景观格局变化研究方法的有益补充。