基于天地图API的旅游地理信息系统应用

针对目前旅游信息系统中旅游信息未与地理信息相结合的问题,以大明湖景区为例,提出了基于天地图API的旅游地理信息系统设计方案。该系统运用天地图丰富的开发接口,将景点信息标注在景区的电子地图上,以Web形式显示;并充分利用了GIS的查询和分析功能,可进行空间和属性查询以及旅游路线规划。该系统既满足了旅游信息系统的基本要求,又结合WebGIS的优势解决了游客旅行规划、信息查询一体化问题,提高了旅游信息获取的便捷性和自主性,有利于游客节约时间、节省资金。     

GIS在旅游资源空间查询中的应用浅析

随着旅游业的蓬勃发展,GIS作为一种通用技术,在旅游领域的应用不断扩展,GIS将成为表达旅游信息、促进旅游信息化建设的得力工具。GIS提供了功能强大的空间查询方法,这将便于游客迅速快捷地进行旅游信息查询,也有助于决策部门进行旅游资源规划和管理。就如何利用ArcMap在旅游资源中空间查询旅游信息的方法进行了浅析。     

北京旅游信息系统的设计与实现

以北京旅游信息系统的开发为例,从数据库的设计、功能模块的设计等介绍基于GIS的旅游信息系统设计与实现流程。系统数据库以SQL Server2000进行管理,在VB环境下开发前端应用平台,利用ADO动态数据连接引擎实现数据通信;利用MapObjects组件技术,采用嵌入式集成方式,实现旅游空间分析、查询等专业应用与基本地理信息功能的有机集成。     

基于ArcGIS Engine的景区地理信息系统研究与实现

随着旅游经济持续火热,开发景区查询系统的必要性日益突显;当游客游览时应用该系统可以很方便地查询景区相关信息,景区管理者的工作效率也会提高。地理信息系统(GIS)具有强大的空间信息管理、空间信息分析、空间信息查询及三维影像显示等功能,成为旅游信息化的首选平台。本文根据GIS的思想,以C#和Arc GIS Engine为工具,结合景区信息的特征,对开发的景区查询系统进行了深入探讨。     

基于GIS和多媒体集成的旅游信息系统开发与实践

提出基于GIS和多媒体集成的旅游信息系统开发模型：（1）在GIS中增加多媒体信息表达能力，以关系数据库为核心，把多媒体文件名信息存储在GIS属性库，依靠多媒体段实现多媒体数据与GIS图形和属性的关联，实现查询的基本概念；（2）在多媒体系统中开发部分GIS空间查询功能。以此思路，佛山科技学院GIS实验室利用VB实验室利用VB进行GIS和多媒体二次开发，完成了佛山旅游信息系统的设计和开发。     

基于GIS的南昌梅岭旅游信息系统设计与实现

本文从直观、易于使用、游客需求的角度出发,设计了基于GIS的南昌梅岭森林公园的旅游信息系统的一个框架,并把组件式GIS软件SuperMap Objects作为该系统的一个开发平台,结合高级的编程开发语言C#,编写实现了南昌梅岭森林公园旅游信息系统的部分功能,基本上可以满足游客日常出游时对于信息索取的一个需要,同时,也为相关部门的管理提供依据。     

天水旅游信息系统的设计与实现

为了促进旅游业的发展,加强旅游信息管理,本文从数据库设计、功能设计方面介绍基于GIS的天水旅游信息系统设计与实现,最大限度地满足游客对旅游信息的需要,如旅游景点信息的查询、最佳路径的查询等服务,同时为旅游管理与规划部门提供最大的辅助决策,旅游资源分析、评价、预测等。由此可见,旅游信息系统的管理在天水旅游业的发展中有着非常重要的意义。     

基于Google Map的虚拟旅游信息系统研究

基于WebGIS网络信息开发技术,在.net平台下利用Gmap3框架简化了对Google map API的调用.针对当前旅游信息系统缺乏个性化的信息展示和信息互动现状,本文调用Google Earth API对KML文件进行操作,实现了三维景点信息展示和自助路线的定制.为了共享、融合多源地理数据,利用Google fusion table来帮助后台数据管理和更新.系统可以为游客提供地图浏览、线路查询、旅游资源分布、三维景点旅游以及网友互动功能.     

基于GIS的土地利用监管信息系统建设研究——以洋县为例

从县级和乡镇土地资源日常管理的难点和管理人员的实际需求出发,通过整合高清影像、土地利用的现状信息和规划信息等数据,形成土地利用信息空间数据库,以ArcGIS为平台开发具备GIS基础功能和专题功能的土地利用监管信息系统,以实现土地利用的可视化管理,降低基层管理人员的技术门槛。     

VC环境下基于GIS的GPS导航系统的开发

从空间定位技术出发 ,在VC 环境下 ,以MapX控件为图形平台 ,以MSComm控件为通信平台 ,开发具有属性查询、空间分析等GIS基本功能的GPS导航信息系统。为用户提供开发具有典型GIS功能的应用软件接口程序的基本方法     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

基于SVG的矢量WebGIS实现技术研究

SVG是一种基于XML的用来描述二维矢量图形和矢量/栅格混合图形的标记语言,虽然SVG不是为了面向地理空间数据发布而制定的标准,但它的许多特性都能被广泛地应用到WebGIS中,从而实现矢量WebGIS。由于SVG通过简单的文本语句描述矢量图像,所以SVG通常数据量很小,并且SVG支持GZIP压缩,所以基于SVG构建WebGIS能减轻网络传输负载,加快地图显示速度。SVG内置了对JavaScript的支持,且SVG可通过DOM解析映像成内存中的树型结构,所以客户层可通过JavaScript对DOM的操作实现对地图的缩放、漫游、查询、图层控制等交互操作。     

浅谈DDE技术在MapInfo中的实现和应用

本文在讨论DDE技术的基础上，对MapInfo的DDE机制的实现作了探讨和分析。根据技园区域GIS的实际开发工作，介绍了利用DDE技术在MapInfo中成功地集成Foxpro和Autocad.     

遥感技术在土地利用动态监测中的应用

主要论述遥感技术在土地监测中的应用,以某地区土地利用动态遥感监测研究项目的运作过程为例进行阐述。首先介绍了土地利用动态监测的具体内容和技术路线。其次,对数据预处理与信息采集的方法与手段进行了探讨。最后,对作业的内、外业主要过程以及应提交的成果作了介绍。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

Web Service与地理信息互操作

结合当今主流IT将互联网带入Web Service的趋势,以GIS工作者的视角剖析、审视这一发展趋势对GIS互操作的重要意义。文章在介绍Web Service的设计理念及相关技术的基础上,分析了传统空间地理信息互操作技术的局限性,概括总结了Web Service在空间地理信息的共享、互操作和集成上的良好支持和适应性,指出Web Service是未来实现GIS互操作的最佳解决方案。     

Automatic extraction of building roofs using LIDAR data and multispectral imagery

Automatic 3D extraction of building roofs from remotely sensed data is important for many applications including city modelling. This paper proposes a new method for automatic 3D roof extraction through an effective integration of LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data and multispectral orthoimagery. Using the ground height from a DEM (Digital Elevation Model), the raw LIDAR points are separated into two groups. The first group contains the ground points that are exploited to constitute a ‘ground mask’. The second group contains the non-ground points which are segmented using an innovative image line guided segmentation technique to extract the roof planes. The image lines are extracted from the grey-scale version of the orthoimage and then classified into several classes such as ‘ground’, ‘tree’, ‘roof edge’ and ‘roof ridge’ using the ground mask and colour and texture information from the orthoimagery. During segmentation of the non-ground LIDAR points, the lines from the latter two classes are used as baselines to locate the nearby LIDAR points of the neighbouring planes. For each plane a robust seed region is thereby defined using the nearby non-ground LIDAR points of a baseline and this region is iteratively grown to extract the complete roof plane. Finally, a newly proposed rule-based procedure is applied to remove planes constructed on trees. Experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully remove vegetation and so offers high extraction rates.     

遥感和GIS技术应用于伊拉克南部Basrah省土地利用/覆盖变化及城市扩张研究(英文)

In recent years, land use/cover dynamic change has become a key subject that needs to be dealt with in the study of global environmental change. In this paper, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are integrated to monitor, map, and quantify the land use/cover change in the southern part of Iraq (Basrah Province was taken as a case) by using a 1:250 000 mapping scale. Remote sensing and GIS software were used to classify Landsat TM in 1990 and Landsat ETM+ in 2003 imagery into five land use and land cover (LULC) classes: vegetation, sand, urban area, unused land, and water bodies. Supervised classification and normalized difference build-up index (NDBI) were used respectively to retrieve its urban boundary. An accuracy assessment was performed on the 2003 LULC map to determine the reliability of the map. Finally, GIS software was used to quantify and illustrate the various LULC conversions that took place over the 13-year span of time. Results showed that the urban area had increased by the rate of 1.2% per year, with area expansion from 3 299.1 km² in 1990 to 3 794.9 km² in 2003. Large vegetation area in the north and southeast were converted into urban construction land. The land use/cover changes of Basrah Province were mainly caused by rapid development of the urban economy and population immigration from the countryside. In addition, the former government policy of “returning farmland to transportation and huge expansion in military camps” was the major driving force for vegetation land change. The paper concludes that remote sensing and GIS can be used to create LULC maps. It also notes that the maps generated can be used to delineate the changes that take place over time. Supported by the Al-Basrah University, Iraq, the Geo-information Science and Technology Program (No. IRT 0438)China).     

基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的设计与实现

随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。     

Reflectance variation in boreal landscape during the snow melting period using airborne imaging spectroscopy

We aim a better understanding of the effect of spring-time snow melt on the remotely sensed scene reflectance by using an extensive amount of optical spectral data obtained from an airborne hyperspectral campaign in Northern Finland. We investigate the behaviour of thin snow reflectance for different land cover types, such as open areas, boreal forests and treeless fells. Our results not only confirm the generally known fact that the reflectance of a melting thin snow layer is considerably lower than that of a thick snow layer, but we also present analyses of the reflectance variation over different land covers and in boreal forests as a function of canopy coverage. According to common knowledge, the highly variating reflectance spectra of partially transparent, most likely also contaminated thin snow pack weakens the performance of snow detection algorithms, in particular in the mapping of Fractional Snow Cover (FSC) during the end of the melting period. The obtained results directly support further development of the SCAmod algorithm for FSC retrieval, and can be likewise applied to develop other algorithms for optical satellite data (e.g. spectral unmixing methods), and to perform accuracy assessments for snow detection algorithms.A useful part of this work is the investigation of the competence of Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) in snow detection in late spring, since it is widely used in snow mapping. We conclude, based on the spectral data analysis, that the NDSI -based snow mapping is more accurate in open areas than in forests. However, at the very end of the snow melting period the behavior of the NDSI becomes more unstable and unpredictable in non-forests with shallow snow, increasing the inaccuracy also in non-forested areas. For instance in peatbogs covered by melting snow layer (snow depth < 30 cm) the mean NDSI -0.6 was observed, having coefficient of variation as high as 70%, whereas for deeper snow packs the mean NDSI shows positive values.