BDS/GPS组合天顶对流层延迟的精度分析

在现有的精密轨道和钟差条件下,选取8个MGEX跟踪站2014年6—9月的观测数据,详细分析利用BDS/GPS组合PPP法在未固定跟踪站坐标和固定跟踪站坐标情况下估计ZTD的效果,并与IGS提供的对流层产品对比分析。实验分析表明,利用PPP法估计ZTD,BDS ZTD现阶段的STD优于34mm,GPS ZTD与BDS/GPS组合现阶段的STD相当,均优于14mm。与未固定跟踪站情形下估计的BDS ZTD相比,固定跟踪站坐标的方式虽然可以提高利用BDS估计ZTD的稳定性,但不能提高精度。     

BDS/GPS非差误差改正数的实时动态定位方法

针对我国地区观测数据的实验定位结果精度问题,该文提出BDS/GPS非差误差改正数的实时动态定位方法,研究了BDS/GPS单参考站非差实时动态定位算法模型,流动站使用非差误差改正数,不需要进行双差观测值的组合。参考站将非差误差改正数传递给流动站,对流动站的观测值进行误差改正,可以直接固定流动站的模糊度。实验表明:在我国南方地区BDS精度要优于GPS,而在北方地区,BDS/GPS定位精度和GPS定位精度明显优于BDS。并且与单系统相比,组合系统的可视卫星数明显增加,改善了卫星空间几何分布结构,从而提高了导航定位的可用性和精度。     

利用单北斗卫星导航系统建立高精度区域坐标框架的研究与实践

当前区域高精度坐标框架建立严重依赖GPS，利用我国自主研发的北斗卫星导航定位系统（BDS）建立高精度地球参考框架具有重要的战略和现实意义。本文采用基于非差观测值的非差处理模式，单独利用常州基准站（CZCORS）的BDS数据，建立了高精度常州市域坐标框架。将基于单北斗获得的CGCS2000坐标成果与GPS结果进行了比较，两者差异较小，平面和高程方向的平均RMS值分别为3.1和4.2 mm。结果表明，单独使用北斗建立区域参考框架可以满足工程建设的需求，这为北斗系统的推广应用提供了重要的参考依据。     

基于未确知有理数的VRS综合误差粗差探测与修复

虚拟参考站VRS(Virtual Reference Station)技术是GPS网络RTK中一种比较成熟的、可实时提供厘米级精度导航定位信息的技术.它主要利用网络内所有基准站原始观测数据,在流动站附近实时模拟一组参考站数据(包括参考站坐标和GPS载波相位观测值).其基准站综合误差粗差对定位结果有直接的影响.这里从粗差的偶然性和孤立性出发,提出了基于未确知有理数的粗差探测与修复方法.阐述了该方法的滤波原理及参数取值原则,解决了传统粗差判别中定位不明确和遮蔽的问题.通过求未确知期望值实现粗差修正,不会造成有效信息的丢失.实验数据的处理结果表明,基于未确知有理数滤波法能够有效地实现粗差修正与数据平滑处理.     

一种基于IGS超快星历的区域性实时精密单点定位方法

实时GPS精密单点定位需要实时的卫星轨道和钟差产品,为此提出一种利用区域GPS连续运行参考站和IGS发布的IGU超快轨道进行实时精密单点定位的方法.该方法首先利用连续运行参考站观测数据与IGU超快轨道预报部分进行实时GPS卫星钟差的估计,然后利用估计得到的实时GPS卫星钟差产品和IGU超快轨道预报部分,进行用户GPS接...     

数值气象模型反演对流层延迟的精度评估

以全球IGS参考站2016年的ZTD资料为参考值,利用积分方法和ECMWF再分析资料,计算得到均匀分布在全球的133个参考站的ZTD,并对其精度进行了评估。研究结果表明:①利用ECMWF再分析资料计算的ZTD的Bias和RMS分别为3.4 mm和17.0 mm,优于NCEP再分析资料;②高纬度地区ZTD的Bias一般比低纬度地区小,高温地区ZTD的Bias比低温地区大,相对湿度变化大的地区ZTD的Bias比相对湿度变化小的地区大。     

基于虚拟参考站的GNSS滑坡变形监测方法及性能分析

全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)技术在大坝、桥梁、滑坡等形变监测领域应用广泛。针对传统监测方法需要架设基准站、导致监测成本增加的问题,提出一种基于虚拟参考站的GNSS变形监测方法,利用连续运行参考站(continuously operating reference stations,CORS)观测数据,生成虚拟参考站(virtual reference station,VRS)代替实体参考站,实现高精度变形监测。利用中国云南省屏边苗族自治县约30处滑坡监测点进行实验分析,结果表明,当CORS基准站间距小于40 km时,双差对流层和电离层延迟模型内插精度优于10 mm,利用观测时长大于8 h的数据,可以实现平面精度优于5 mm、高程精度优于10 mm的形变监测。     

基于相空间重构和高斯过程回归的对流层延迟预测

天顶对流层延迟(zenith tropospheric delay,ZTD)是影响GPS定位精度的关键因素,为了提高ZTD的预测精度,提出一种基于相空间重构的高斯过程回归预测模型。针对ZTD时间序列的混沌特性,利用国际GNSS服务(International GNSS Service,IGS)站提供的ZTD数据,采用Cao方法确定嵌入维数,对ZTD数据进行相空间重构,探究高斯过程(Gaussian process,GP)模型对12个位于南、北半球不同纬度等级IGS站的ZTD预测精度和准确性。为了验证GP模型的有效性,将预测结果分别与原始数据和反向传播(back propagation,BP)神经网络模型预测结果作对比分析,进一步探究不同时间对ZTD预测精度的影响,并分析了经度和海拔对ZTD预测精度的影响。结果表明,GP模型预测结果的均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)达到mm级,GP模型与理论值的相关性达到0.997,预测精度指标明显优于BP神经网络模型;GP模型在南半球的预测精度高于北半球,且在高纬地区的RMSE小于3.6 mm,更适用于高纬地区的对流层延迟预测;在研究时域内,GP模型在大部分站点对晚上的预测精度高于白天,经度对ZTD预测精度的影响不明显,海拔与ZTD预测精度呈正比。     

地基GPS反演水汽影响因素分析

地基GPS(Global Position System)技术日益成熟,气象观测应用此技术逐渐增多,但对此影响因素的分析不是太多。本文首先阐述了地基GPS遥感水汽原理,然后结合雾灵山GPS气象观测试验数据,利用GAMIT软件解算此期间数据的对流层延迟量,主要分析了影响地基GPS遥感水汽的几项因素,得出测站精度与ZTD精度变化趋势图、星历精度与ZTD(Troposphere Zenith Delay)精度变化趋势图和不同参考站对ZTD的影响。其结果对GPS遥感大气水汽有一定的参考价值。     

GPS网络差分方法与实验

GPS连续运行站由于具有多种优势,所以在我国逐步建立,并开始得到广泛应用。但对于距离基准站较远,且位于基准站网一侧的情况下,该如何进行高精度的实时/快速卫星定位?本文给出了一种GPS网络差分方法,通过该方法可实现远海的高精度实时/快速GPS定位。最后,模拟远海应用情况进行实测试验,实验结果证明:在基准站距离200~300km的情况下,用户在距离基准站网400km一侧的范围内,采用双频机可实现优于2m的实时高精度定位,5min快速静态的水平精度优于1m,观测20min可到达优于0.5m的水平定位精度。     

Estimation and evaluation of hourly updated global GPS Zenith Total Delays over ten months

The EUMETNET EIG GNSS Water Vapour Programme (E-GVAP) is responsible for the coordination of near real time GPS Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) production in Europe and for aiding the development of ZTD assimilation into Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. Since 2000, the Geodetic Observatory Pecný (GOP) has been routinely estimating regional ZTDs in near real time. In 2010, GOP developed a modified processing system in order to provide the first optimal and robust ZTD solution with a global scope and hourly upgrade, fulfilling the requirements for assimilation into operational NWP models. Since July 2010, the GOP global tropospheric product has consisted of about 90 sites and has contributed routinely in a testing mode into the E-GVAP database. Global near real time ZTDs generated over ten months have been evaluated with respect to IGS and EUREF routine post-processed ZTD products, ZTDs integrated from radiosonde profiles, and ZTDs calculated from the Met Office global NWP model. Comparison with the GNSS post-processed solutions gives standard deviations of 3–6 mm in ZTD and biases of 1–2 mm, which is comparable to GOP regional near real time solution, however, for some isolated or low data quality stations up to 20 % quality decrease can be found. Comparison with NWP shows a latitudinal trend in the standard deviation with values as low as 4 mm at high latitudes, increasing to almost 20 mm in the tropics, and a lack of variability in the model background ZTD in the tropics. The evaluation with global radiosondes gives ZTD standard deviation of 5–16 mm, which is comparable with previous studies in European scope. Since the 10-month comparison gave satisfactory results, GOP was asked by UK Met Office to disseminate the global product to the end users via the Global Telecommunications System. Since 10 October 2011, the GOP global ZTD product configuration has been extended to about 164 global stations and still processed within 10 min. However, in GOP routine contribution to E-GVAP, about 124 stations are available in general due to hourly data latency above 30 min or data gaps.     

Estimation and evaluation of real-time precipitable water vapor from GLONASS and GPS

The revitalized Russian GLONASS system provides new potential for real-time retrieval of zenith tropospheric delays (ZTD) and precipitable water vapor (PWV) in order to support time-critical meteorological applications such as nowcasting or severe weather event monitoring. In this study, we develop a method of real-time ZTD/PWV retrieval based on GLONASS and/or GPS observations. The performance of ZTD and PWV derived from GLONASS data using real-time precise point positioning (PPP) technique is carefully investigated and evaluated. The potential of combining GLONASS and GPS data for ZTD/PWV retrieving is assessed as well. The GLONASS and GPS observations of about half a year for 80 globally distributed stations from the IGS (International GNSS Service) network are processed. The results show that the real-time GLONASS ZTD series agree quite well with the GPS ZTD series in general: the RMS of ZTD differences is about 8 mm (about 1.2 mm in PWV). Furthermore, for an inter-technique validation, the real-time ZTD estimated from GLONASS-only, GPS-only, and the GPS/GLONASS combined solutions are compared with those derived from very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at colocated GNSS/VLBI stations. The comparison shows that GLONASS can contribute to real-time meteorological applications, with almost the same accuracy as GPS. More accurate and reliable water vapor values, about 1.5–2.3 mm in PWV, can be achieved when GLONASS observations are combined with the GPS ones in the real-time PPP data processing. The comparison with radiosonde data further confirms the performance of GLONASS-derived real-time PWV and the benefit of adding GLONASS to stand-alone GPS processing.     

利用GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo组合PPP反演大气可降水量

为进一步改善精密单点定位（PPP）探测大气可降水量（PWV）的性能，本文提出采用GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo组合PPP进行PWV反演的方法，并利用国内3个MGEX（multi-GNSS experiment）观测站的实测数据，对GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo组合PPP在大气水汽探测方面的性能进行了评估。试验结果表明：相较于GPS PPP、GPS/BDS组合PPP和GPS/GLONASS组合PPP，GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo组合PPP估计天顶对流层延迟（ZTD）的初始化时间分别缩短了33%、26%、20%，且能获得更高精度的ZTD估值和PWV信息，在大气水汽探测方面的性能更优。     

Assessment of ZTD derived from ECMWF/NCEP data with GPS ZTD over China

The accuracy and feasibility of computing the zenith tropospheric delays (ZTDs) from data of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the United States National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) are studied. The ZTDs are calculated from ECMWF/NCEP pressure-level data by integration and from the surface data with the Saastamoinen model method and then compared with the solutions measured from 28 global positioning system (GPS) stations of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) for 1 year. The results are as follows: (1) the error of the integration method is 1–3 cm less than that of the Saastamoinen model method. The agreement between the ECMWF ZTD and GPS ZTD is better than that between NCEP ZTD and GPS ZTD; (2) the bias and root mean square difference (RMSD), especially the latter, have a seasonal variation, and the RMSD decreases with increasing altitude while the variation with latitude is not obvious; and (3) when using the full horizontal resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° of the ECMWF meteorological data in place of a reduced 2.5° × 2.5° grid, the mean RMSD between GPS and ECMWF ZTD decreases by 4.5 mm. These results illuminated the accuracy and feasibility of computing the tropospheric delays and establishing the ZTD prediction model over China for navigation and positioning with ECMWF and NCEP data.     

Characterization of diurnal cycles in ZTD from a decade of global GPS observations

The diurnal cycle of the tropospheric zenith total delay (ZTD) is one of the most obvious signals for the various physical processes relating to climate change on a short time scale. However, the observation of such ZTD oscillations on a global scale with traditional techniques (e.g. radiosondes) is restricted due to limitations in spatial and temporal resolution. Nowadays, the International GNSS Service (IGS) provides an important data source for investigating the diurnal and semidiurnal cycles of ZTD and related climatic signals. In this paper, 10 years of ZTD data from 1997 to 2007 with a 2-hour temporal resolution are derived from global positioning system (GPS) observations taken at 151 globally distributed IGS reference stations. These time series are used to investigate diurnal and semidiurnal oscillations. Significant diurnal and semidiurnal oscillations of ZTD are found for all GPS stations used in this study. The diurnal cycles (24 hours period) have amplitudes between 0.2 and 10.9 mm with an uncertainty of about 0.5 mm and the semidiurnal cycles (12 h period) have amplitudes between 0.1 and 4.3 mm with an uncertainty of about 0.2 mm. The larger amplitudes of the diurnal and semidiurnal ZTD cycles are observed in the low-latitude equatorial areas. The peak times of the diurnal cycles spread over the whole day, while the peak value of the semidiurnal cycles occurs typically about local noon. These GPS-derived diurnal and semidiurnal ZTD signals are similar with the surface pressure tides derived from surface synoptic pressure observations, indicating that atmospheric tides are the main driver of the diurnal and semidiurnal ZTD variations.     

耦合PSO与扩展RBF神经网络估计NWM模型ZTD计算精度EI北大核心CSCD

针对基于数值气象模型获取的对流层天顶延迟精度估计依赖外部基准的问题,本文构建耦合了粒子群算法与扩展径向基函数神经网络的ZTD精度估计模型,模型样本特征集利用NWM自身气象数据和地形特征数据构建,目标集以GNSS ZTD产品为参考值构建,模型规模结构通过层次聚类和模糊C均值聚类确定,模型参数通过粒子群算法优化。以欧洲中期天气预报中心提供的ERA5气压分层产品为NWM特例进行了模型训练和结果验证。结果表明,模型估计精度和泛化能力较好,平均估计精度优于4 mm,可在任意位置实现不依赖于外部参考基准的ZTD精度估计。     

基于区域CORS网的高精度近实时GPS气象研究

利用了武汉CORS网及周边多个IGS跟踪站的观测数据,模拟了一个近实时GPS气象监测系统,完善了GPS水汽反演数据处理策略。