浅谈RTK技术在地籍图根控制测量中的应用

将RTK技术应用于地籍测量中,分析了RTK在图根导线控制测量的可行性,阐述了该技术应用于图根控制测量中遇到的问题并进行了深入研究,提出了相应对策。     

双树乡1∶1000地形图测量技术设计

设计利用全站仪与GPS-RTK联合作业进行野外数据采集,通过CASS6.0成图软件进行内业成图,完成龙港区双树乡1∶1 000地形图测量工作。主要叙述了RTK技术在地形图图根测量、碎部测量中的可行性和RTK外业测量的操作步骤、注意事项,阐述了RTK定位技术的相关原理,说明了RTK与全站仪联合进行数字化测图是一种高速度、高效率的新方法,对于地形条件复杂的地区,考虑到全站仪与RTK技术的优缺点,可以采用RTK与全站仪联合作业的方式进行地形图的测绘。在测区内不需要进行图根控制测量,使RTK与全站仪优势互补,可大幅度提高测量速度,且可保证测图精度。     

基于数字地形测量的GPS—RTK技术应用分析

对GPS—RTK技术应用于城市1：500数字地形测量实验方法进行了研究，探索GPS-RTK技术辅以全站仪进行图根控制测量、数字地形测量的数据采集模式，改变传统的等级导线控制测量下进行图根测量与测图的经典模式。通过GPS—RTK技术阶段性测量数据检测，控制成果的可靠性，形成满足数字地形图测图需要的作业方法。     

三维激光扫描技术在公路带状图测量中的应用

为验证车载三维激光扫描技术在公路带状图测量中的适用性,探讨了其应用的流程与方法;利用坐标对比法评定了三维激光扫描系统的精度,并验证了其工作效率。结果表明,三维激光扫描系统的平面精度达到0.077 m,符合1∶1 000测图规范要求,且整体效率比传统测量方式提高了50%,证明了车载三维激光扫描技术在公路带状图测量中的适用性,且效率较高。     

无人机倾斜摄影测量技术在大比例尺测图中的应用及精度评价

传统的大比例尺测图主要采用外业实测的方法,人工成本高、效率低。无人机倾斜摄影测量技术凭借低成本、高效率、灵活可靠、高精度等优点,在国土规划、农林水利、地籍测量等领域得到广泛应用。本文结合项目实际,通过无人机倾斜摄影测量技术在大比例尺测图中的应用研究,建立了完整的技术流程,验证了技术的可行性和成果精度的可靠性。     

差分干涉测量（D—InSAR）技术在矿区地面沉降监测中的应用

收集了2008年12月至2009年7月的6景覆盖济宁某矿区ENVISATASAR数据，利用差分干涉测量技术进行矿区地面沉降监测应用研究。通过“双轨法”和“三轨法”，进行差分干涉处理，提取了差分干涉图、增强干涉图、相干图和地面形变图。并且对测量处理结果进行了分析和讨论，从而验证了差分干涉测量技术在矿区地面沉降监测中应用的可行性。     

利用超高倍放大技术进行限飞区域航测成图的应用方案

应用航测超高倍放大数字测量发明专利,在限飞区域进行航空摄影测量,确定了超高倍放大成图航测外业像控布设及内业加密、分区方案,采用内业和外业相结合的数字成图技术,解决大比例尺数字成图难题.道路高程注记点测量采用基于DGPS精密定位技术的车载GPS高程测量实用新型专利,大大提高了工作效率.形成了一条从数据获取、数据处理、精度分析等部分组成的全数字化摄影测量数据链和工作流程,缩短了成图周期.     

GPS RTK技术在全野外数字化地形图测绘中的应用

主要介绍了RTK技术在地形图图根测量、碎部测量中的可行性和操作步骤及注意事项;并详细分析了该方法的测量精度。     

RTK工程放样方法在大比例尺数字测图中的应用

结合工程实例,对在空旷平坦的地块进行大比例尺数字测图时,利用RTK技术进行细部地物测量,辅以工程放样的方法测量地形点,并对测图作业的方法进行了探讨。     

专科《工程测量专业》毕业生摄影测量动手能力的培养

为适应测绘人才市场对摄影测量数字化测图技术人才的需要,介绍通过专科《工程测量专业》毕业设计,培养摄影测量数字化测图技术人才的做法与取得的成果。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的设计与实现

随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。     

基于SVG的矢量WebGIS实现技术研究

SVG是一种基于XML的用来描述二维矢量图形和矢量/栅格混合图形的标记语言,虽然SVG不是为了面向地理空间数据发布而制定的标准,但它的许多特性都能被广泛地应用到WebGIS中,从而实现矢量WebGIS。由于SVG通过简单的文本语句描述矢量图像,所以SVG通常数据量很小,并且SVG支持GZIP压缩,所以基于SVG构建WebGIS能减轻网络传输负载,加快地图显示速度。SVG内置了对JavaScript的支持,且SVG可通过DOM解析映像成内存中的树型结构,所以客户层可通过JavaScript对DOM的操作实现对地图的缩放、漫游、查询、图层控制等交互操作。     

浅谈DDE技术在MapInfo中的实现和应用

本文在讨论DDE技术的基础上，对MapInfo的DDE机制的实现作了探讨和分析。根据技园区域GIS的实际开发工作，介绍了利用DDE技术在MapInfo中成功地集成Foxpro和Autocad.     

遥感技术在土地利用动态监测中的应用

主要论述遥感技术在土地监测中的应用,以某地区土地利用动态遥感监测研究项目的运作过程为例进行阐述。首先介绍了土地利用动态监测的具体内容和技术路线。其次,对数据预处理与信息采集的方法与手段进行了探讨。最后,对作业的内、外业主要过程以及应提交的成果作了介绍。     

Web Service与地理信息互操作

结合当今主流IT将互联网带入Web Service的趋势,以GIS工作者的视角剖析、审视这一发展趋势对GIS互操作的重要意义。文章在介绍Web Service的设计理念及相关技术的基础上,分析了传统空间地理信息互操作技术的局限性,概括总结了Web Service在空间地理信息的共享、互操作和集成上的良好支持和适应性,指出Web Service是未来实现GIS互操作的最佳解决方案。     

Automatic extraction of building roofs using LIDAR data and multispectral imagery

Automatic 3D extraction of building roofs from remotely sensed data is important for many applications including city modelling. This paper proposes a new method for automatic 3D roof extraction through an effective integration of LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data and multispectral orthoimagery. Using the ground height from a DEM (Digital Elevation Model), the raw LIDAR points are separated into two groups. The first group contains the ground points that are exploited to constitute a ‘ground mask’. The second group contains the non-ground points which are segmented using an innovative image line guided segmentation technique to extract the roof planes. The image lines are extracted from the grey-scale version of the orthoimage and then classified into several classes such as ‘ground’, ‘tree’, ‘roof edge’ and ‘roof ridge’ using the ground mask and colour and texture information from the orthoimagery. During segmentation of the non-ground LIDAR points, the lines from the latter two classes are used as baselines to locate the nearby LIDAR points of the neighbouring planes. For each plane a robust seed region is thereby defined using the nearby non-ground LIDAR points of a baseline and this region is iteratively grown to extract the complete roof plane. Finally, a newly proposed rule-based procedure is applied to remove planes constructed on trees. Experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully remove vegetation and so offers high extraction rates.     

遥感和GIS技术应用于伊拉克南部Basrah省土地利用/覆盖变化及城市扩张研究(英文)

In recent years, land use/cover dynamic change has become a key subject that needs to be dealt with in the study of global environmental change. In this paper, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are integrated to monitor, map, and quantify the land use/cover change in the southern part of Iraq (Basrah Province was taken as a case) by using a 1:250 000 mapping scale. Remote sensing and GIS software were used to classify Landsat TM in 1990 and Landsat ETM+ in 2003 imagery into five land use and land cover (LULC) classes: vegetation, sand, urban area, unused land, and water bodies. Supervised classification and normalized difference build-up index (NDBI) were used respectively to retrieve its urban boundary. An accuracy assessment was performed on the 2003 LULC map to determine the reliability of the map. Finally, GIS software was used to quantify and illustrate the various LULC conversions that took place over the 13-year span of time. Results showed that the urban area had increased by the rate of 1.2% per year, with area expansion from 3 299.1 km² in 1990 to 3 794.9 km² in 2003. Large vegetation area in the north and southeast were converted into urban construction land. The land use/cover changes of Basrah Province were mainly caused by rapid development of the urban economy and population immigration from the countryside. In addition, the former government policy of “returning farmland to transportation and huge expansion in military camps” was the major driving force for vegetation land change. The paper concludes that remote sensing and GIS can be used to create LULC maps. It also notes that the maps generated can be used to delineate the changes that take place over time. Supported by the Al-Basrah University, Iraq, the Geo-information Science and Technology Program (No. IRT 0438)China).     

地物质数特性与时空关系的数学表述研究

地物的质量和数量特征及其时空关系是地图表示的客观基础。本文对其相关概念给出了数学定义 ,并根据拓扑学原理 ,论证了从三维空间到地球椭球面 ,从地球椭球面到二维地图平面存在着同胚关系 ,从而为地图的空间认知提供了数学基础和理论解释