基于GIS的企业项目管理应用研究

采用GIS空间信息可视化技术与科学的项目管理理论相结合的研究方法,并应用地理信息可视化技术、WebGIS技术和三层架构技术,针对大型企业级GIS项目管理信息系统建设进行了研究,开发出了基于GIS的项目管理系统。实现了对企业级地理信息等领域的项目信息化整体管理,这些管理包括市场信息管理、合同管理、财务管理、人力资源管理和设备管理等。论文着重分析了位置查询和可视化表达的实现过程,为企业高效管理、正确决策提供了一定支撑。     

基于MapStore的地理信息可视化机制介绍

随着地理信息技术的发展,地理信息可视化实现了地理信息数据在各行各业的广泛应用。MapStore软件采用的地图表达机制可以实现DLG的可视化,并实现对地图符号的复杂编辑,使得空间数据(DLG)和地图符号之间具有一定的关联性,同时又具有独立性。通过生产实践可知,MapStore的可视化机制不仅使DLG数据与地图保持一致,而且能实现地图符号满足出版要求的制图编辑。     

可视化技术及其在地图学中的应用

可视化自从80年代提出后已经发展成为研究的热点。阐述了可视化和地图学的含义，论述了可视化技术在地图学中数据采集、地理信息、动态地图、虚拟现实等方面的应用。     

地理信息全息显示技术探讨

全息技术是当前最为重要的显示技术,它与地理信息可视化相结合将为地理信息数据表达提供一种全新的方式。本文通过研究全息显示的基本原理,论证了地理信息全息显示的可行性,并设计了相应的系统软硬件构成。     

城市公共管理平台的地理信息可视化技术

城市公共管理对地理信息数据有着迫切的需求。本文从如何将海量地理信息与城市公共管理服务相结合入手,分析了目前城市公共管理平台地理信息可视化存在的问题,提出了用面向资源的地理信息服务共享模式,构建了城市公共管理云平台架构,实现了海量多元数据的纵横联通和有效集成。在此基础上通过浏览器端地理信息可视化架构,帮助用户提高视觉注意力,可以更好地为政府决策、社会公益服务等提供有效的地理信息服务支持。从我们建立的湖北省襄阳市城市公共管理平台来看,通过面向资源的一体化可视化技术,能够将城市地理信息数据与公共管理服务相结合,更有利于提高城市公共管理信息可视化的查询效率。     

可视化与地理信息系统

随着可视化技术的迅速发展 ,其在信息表达上的优势被日益认可 ,而当前的地理信息系统软件则主要是基于 2维平面来处理现实世界所遇到的现象和问题 ,因此将 3维可视化引入地理信息系统成为当今的研究热点。本文主要介绍了可视化技术的应用现状 ,以及当前可与GIS直接相连结的 3D可视化技术和建立 3D地理信息系统的标准 ,最后预测了可视化技术在GIS中的发展前景     

基于地理信息可视化的空间认知研究

地理信息可视化是在地理数据库驱动下,以地图形式表达地理信息的过程,它是可视化表达的重要组成部分。从空间认知的角度,深入研究地理信息可视化的过程;结合地理信息可视化的特点,提出了空间地理信息的表现形式以及空间认知的基本模式。     

三维城市地理信息可视化服务系统的设计与实现

三维城市地理信息可视化服务系统是一个建立在分布式数据管理与集成基础上的“一站式”空间信息服务平台,本文基于数字城市空间框架,通过对各类测绘成果数据进行管理、展示、应用,形成了三维城市地理信息可视化服务系统,研究了可视化服务系统的架构,按照公众版和专业版形成了不同的功能结构图,最后给出了系统效果。结果表明,三维城市地理信息可视化服务系统是建立面向公众、政府、行业、企业及社区的公共信息服务平台、信息应用系统的重要组成部分,能够为提高城市可持续发展以及规划、建设、管理和服务水平提供借鉴和参考作用。     

基于Java3D的网络地理信息可视化

在分析WebGIS中地理信息可视化研究现状的基础上,详细介绍了Java3D开发库的基本开发机制,并讨论其关键技术与解决方案,成功实现了基于Java3D的网络地理信息Web浏览器.实验表明,通过Java3D建立数字球面,并利用Java3D空间数据模型表达地理信息模型,实现在数字球面上映射地理信息,是实现网络地理信息可视化的新途径和新思路.     

基于三维地理信息技术的特高压电网工程建设管理方法研究及应用

三维地理信息技术以其数据承载能力强、可视化效果好,以及能够充分表达各种复杂的空间关系等特点已经成为多个行业应用的关键技术。特高压电网工程具有电压等级高、输送容量大、输送距离远等特点,工程建设面临时间紧、任务重等诸多问题,对工程建设管理创新也提出了更高的要求。本文通过对三维地理信息技术和特高压电网工程进行分析,提出了利用三维地理信息技术对特高压电网工程建设进行工程全数字化表达的方法,通过模型实体三维可视化和工程建设数据可视化表现电网工程建设情况,为特高压电网工程建设管理创新提供了一种思路。     

Combining Usability Techniques to Design Geovisualization Tools for Epidemiology

Designing usable geovisualization tools is an emerging problem in GIScience software development. We are often satisfied that a new method provides an innovative window on our data, but functionality alone is insufficient assurance that a tool is applicable to a problem in situ. As extensions of the static methods they evolved from, geovisualization tools are bound to enable new knowledge creation. We have yet to learn how to adapt techniques from interaction designers and usability experts toward our tools in order to maximize this ability. This is especially challenging because there is limited existing guidance for the design of usable geovisualization tools. Their design requires knowledge about the context of work within which they will be used, and should involve user input at all stages, as is the practice in any human-centered design effort. Toward that goal, we have employed a wide range of techniques in the design of ESTAT, an exploratory geovisualization toolkit for epidemiology. These techniques include; verbal protocol analysis, card-sorting, focus groups, and an in-depth case study. This paper reports the design process and evaluation results from our experience with the ESTAT toolkit.     

Geovisualization of Human Hybrid Activity-Travel Patterns

While GIS‐based geovisualization techniques have been fruitfully employed in a wide range of fields, they have not been applied to explore human hybrid activity‐travel patterns (i.e. the patterns of people's activities and/or travel in both the physical and virtual worlds). This study develops two geovisualization approaches using 3D and 2D GIS techniques to address the difficulties faced by past studies. First, the notions of information cube and hybrid 3D space‐time paths are developed to accommodate cyberspatial activities in exploratory data analysis. Second, a new representation of 2D space‐time paths that incorporates parallel coordinate plots is developed for exploring the multiple attributes of people's Internet and physical activities. These two methods were implemented using ArcObjects and the Visual Basic for Applications environment in ArcGIS. They were used to visualize a complex Internet‐activity diary dataset collected in Columbus (Ohio, USA). The study shows that the 3D and 2D geovisualization methods developed allow us to uncover important patterns in hybrid human activity‐travel behavior.     

面向"人"的地学可视化探讨

面向"人"地学可视化中的"人".主要从地学可视化系统的使用者(简称"应用人"),从地学可视化要表达的地球表层系统地理环境中的社会人(简称"社会人").以及从作为能地理认知与思维、能表达/传递地理知识及知识创新的"人"(简称"知识人")3个方面定义.从上述3个方面建立了面向"人"的地学可视化概念框架.在面向"应用人"方面,主要介绍了协同可视化以及自我参照可视化;在面向"社会人"方面,主要阐述个体日常行为时空路径可视化、群体行为模拟可视化,以及社会关系网络可视化;在面向"知识人"方面,主要讨论知识可视化.本文最后从本体框架、信息采集与获取技术、数据组织与表达模型、可视化表达方法、主体概念方面,对于面向"人"GIS以及可视化的关键问题与技术进行了探讨.     

Cognitive and Usability Issues in Geovisualization

We provide a research agenda for the International Cartographic Association's Commission on Visualization and Virtual Environment Working Group on Cognitive and Usability Issues in Geovisualization. Developments in hardware and software have led to (and will continue to stimulate) numerous novel methods for visualizing geospatial data. It is our belief that these novel methods will be of little use if they are not developed within a theoretical cognitive framework and iteratively tested using usability engineering principles. We argue that cognitive and usability issues should be considered in the context of six major research themes: 1) geospatial virtual environments (GeoVEs); 2) dynamic representations (including animated and interactive maps); 3) metaphors and schemata in user interface design; 4) individual and group differences; 5) collaborative geovisualization; and 6) evaluating the effectiveness of geovisualization methods. A key point underlying our use of theoretical cognitive principles is that traditional cognitive theory for static two-dimensional maps may not be applicable to interactive three-dimensional immersive GeoVEs and dynamic representations—thus new cognitive theory may need to be developed. Usability engineering extends beyond the traditional cartographic practice of "user testing" by evaluating software effectiveness throughout a lifecycle (including design, development, and deployment). Applying usability engineering to geovisualization, however, may be problematic because of the novelty of geovisualization and the associated difficulty of defining the nature of users and their tasks. Tackling the research themes is likely to require an interdisciplinary effort involving geographic information scientists, cognitive scientists, usability engineers, computer scientists, and others.     

Testing the Usability of Interactive Maps in CommonGIS

The paper reports on an experimental study aimed at assessing the usability of five different interactive tools for exploratory analysis of geographically referenced data implemented in CommonGIS. Usability was assessed in terms of tool learnability, memorability, and user satisfaction. The study provided valuable data concerning the usability of each individual tool; we also derived some conclusions relevant to geovisualization techniques in general. We found that users were, in principle, able to understand and adopt the new ideas of map interactivity and manipulability. However, these ideas needed to be appropriately introduced; people could hardly grasp them just from the appearance of the maps and controls. An introductory demonstration was sufficient to understand the purposes of the interactive tools, and a short training session enabled people to use them. The importance of educating users is a particular challenge for geovisualization tools that are intended to be accessed over the Internet.     

Geocollaborative Soil Boundary Mapping in an Experiential GIS Environment

Soil maps are an important and integral component of national geospatial data infrastructures. The creation of these maps involves a geovisualization exercise whereby soil scientists develop cognitive models that correlate observable landscape features to soil occurrence. This is traditionally an analog process, cognitively demanding, time consuming, and invariably non-collaborative. A new geovirtual soil mapping technique is proposed in this paper in the form of an innovative Experiential GIS (EGIS) environment. This immersive environment enables soil maps to be constructed through experiencing and interacting with spatial data through immersion in 3D geovirtual scenes. The system outlined integrates GIS, immersive geovisualization, and robust geodatabase capabilities. Four soil scientists with extensive soil mapping experience ranging from 5 to over 20 years are concurrently immersed in the same 3D geovirtual landscape which more closely mirrors the way in which we view the world around us. The soil scientists are immersed within the 3D scene where they are essentially freed from the laws of physics, and may roam anywhere across the landscape as if in a virtual helicopter. The landscape is draped with any combination of orthoimagery and GIS-derived data allowing soil scientists to interpret, digitally delineate, and attribute soil boundaries. Exploiting the EGIS technology while maintaining the centrality of the soil scientist in soil interpretation and soil map production, promises considerable resource efficiencies than those achieved in traditional soil survey. The paper lays out the nature of this potential paradigm shift in soil mapping. The results of using this technology to construct soil geographic knowledge are also discussed in terms of soil map detail, cost efficiencies, time effectiveness, system usability, geocollaborative soil mapping advantages, and the reduced cognitive workload on practicing soil scientists.     

GeoJabber: Enabling Geo-Collaborative Visual Analysis

The GeoJabber concept, protocol, and working prototype software introduced here enable same-time, different-place collaborative geovisualization. The key problem this work addresses is how to turn geovisual software states into persistent textual representations that can be shared between users. In the current implementation, GeoJabber leverages three key Open Source technologies: the GeoViz Toolkit, the Jabber protocol, and XStream. GeoJabber is the first project to support same-time different-place geovisualization tool state sharing. As part of this effort, this paper presents a typology of sharable geovisualization software states, rooted in the concepts of data, display, and category.     

Combining Geo‐SOM and Hierarchical Clustering to Explore Geospatial Data

Geo‐SOM is a useful geovisualization technique for revealing patterns in spatial data, but is ineffective in supporting interactive exploration of patterns hidden in different Geo‐SOM sizes. Based on the divide and group principle in geovisualization, the article proposes a new methodology that combines Geo‐SOM and hierarchical clustering to tackle this problem. Geo‐SOM was used to “divide” the dataset into several homogeneous subsets; hierarchical clustering was then used to “group” neighboring homogeneous subsets for pattern exploration in different levels of granularity, thus permitting exploration of patterns at multiple scales. An artificial dataset was used for validating the method's effectiveness. As a case study, the rush hour motorcycle flow data in Taipei City, Taiwan were analyzed. Compared with the best result generated solely by Geo‐SOM, the proposed method performed better in capturing the homogeneous zones in the artificial dataset. For the case study, the proposed method discovered six clusters with unique data and spatial patterns at different levels of granularity, while the original Geo‐SOM only identified two. Among the four hierarchical clustering methods, Ward's clustering performed the best in pattern discovery. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the approach in visually and interactively exploring data and spatial patterns in geospatial data.     

移动AR+VR支持下旅游GIS系统的设计与实现

随着云计算、物联网、移动通信、移动互联网等技术的发展，研发智能化、多维度、全方位的旅游管理信息系统，已成为旅游信息化的发展趋势。本文以青岛八大关为例，综合利用基于位置与多传感器的跟踪注册技术、瓦片地图技术、三维景观地图技术和移动增强现实系统虚实叠加技术，研究并实现了面向旅游业的移动化、信息化、智能化、个性化的智能旅游服务系统，为游客提供认知周围景观的全新视角，获得全新的交互体验。系统包括三维景观地图、虚拟漫游、路线导航、环境识别、历史建筑查询、热力图显示、好友足迹、个人轨迹、微信分享等功能模块，游客在享受旅途的同时可以获得更加智能便捷的服务。     

Design and evaluation of a geovisual analytics system for uncovering patterns in spatio-temporal event data

ABSTRACT

It remains difficult to develop a clear understanding of geo-located events and their relationships to one another, particularly when it comes to identifying patterns of events in less-structured textual sources, such as news feeds and social media streams. Here we present a geovisualization tool that can leverage computational methods, such as T-pattern analysis, for extracting patterns of interest from event data streams. Our system, STempo, includes coordinated-view geovisualization components designed to support visual exploration and analysis of event data, and patterns extracted from those data, in terms of time, geography, and content. Through a user evaluation, we explore the usability and utility of STempo for understanding patterns of recent political, social, economic, and military events in Syria.