地理信息系统综述

近年来地理信息系统(GIS)在计算机技术的支持下,在理论、应用、软件开发以及产业化方面都得到了快速发展。首先对GIS与地理信息科学的区别进行了讨论,然后对GIS应用开发技术发展历程以及目前GIS领域的热点问题进行了论述,最后指出了GIS发展存在的问题,并对GIS的发展前景进行了展望。     

浅谈GIS的发展历程与趋势

本文从GIS的定义与特点等方面描述了GIS的基本概念 ,通过回顾GIS的国内外发展历程 ,对GIS技术的今后发展进行了展望。同时也提出了GIS应用发展所面临的问题     

GIS服务和GIS服务链研究

随着空间信息技术和网络技术的不断发展,GIS服务和GIS服务链已经成为新一代地理信息系统的发展方向。本文对GIS服务和GIS服务链的定义、研究现状、分类、特点进行了深入研究,指出了GIS服务和GIS服务链对国土资源信息化工作的启示和思考,给出了国土资源GIS服务接口划分原则。     

浅谈GIS的应用与发展

随着GIS(地理信息系统)理论与技术的不断发展,GIS的应用日益广泛,在众多领域都发挥着十分重要的作用。本文概述了GIS的发展和现状,通过分析GIS的应用需求,并结合信息技术特点,探讨了GIS发展的突破方向。希望本文能对GIS的发展产生积极的推动作用,实现GIS的大发展和新飞跃。     

GIS的应用现状和未来发展

本文结合国内外情况,介绍了GIS的应用现状,探讨了GIS的未来发展趋势,对GIS在我国的应用和发展提出了几点建议,论述了GIS对测绘事业发展的作用。     

GIS的应用与发展的探讨

从网络GIS应用、移动GIS应用、虚拟GIS应用、GIS与RS集成的应用、GIS与GPS集成的应用等5个方面论述了当前GIS的应用,并对当前GIS软件的发展方向提出了一些看法     

从市场需求看我国高校GIS教学改革

总结了GIS技术和高校GIS专业的发展,分析了GIS的学科特点和GIS教育的特点。进而在分析当前市场对GIS人才的需求状况及对GIS人才提出的要求的基础上,阐述了现有GIS教育存在的问题,从教学内容、教学方法、教学模式和考试方法等方面提出了GIS教学改革的一些设想。     

高校地理信息系统人才培养探讨

从地理信息系统发展入手,依据社会对GIS人才需求,从GIS知识结构、实践教学和目前高校GIS人才培养所面临的问题对GIS人才培养进行了探讨。     

中国GIS企业的分布与发展

近年来,中国的GIS企业较以前有了很大的发展,但全国GIS企业呈现出不均匀、过于集中的分布。企业也形成了自己的发展特点。利用地理信息系统的学科优势,开发了"全国GIS企业分布与发展信息系统",将中国的GIS企业信息导入系统,可在地图上观察企业的分布特征,并对相关数据进行分析来对GIS企业的发展特点进行研究。     

GIS的未来之我见

对当前地理信息系统的发展动态进行了分析,提出了未来GIS的发展呈现出的新特点、云计算GIS的发展趋势以及GIS和人们的生活密切相关.     

The Instructor Element of GIS Instruction at US Colleges and Universities

Over the last two decades, higher education has made substantial investments in GIS education through equipment and software purchases, upgrades to teaching facilities, and the creation of innovative academic programs such as certificates and degrees. However, comparatively less attention and fewer resources have been directed towards what might be called the “instructor element” of GIS instruction. In this article we look at the preparation and ongoing professional development of GIS educators through a survey of 270 individuals teaching GIS at US colleges and universities. Along with assessing the education and professional background of GIS instructors, we evaluate their perceptions concerning the importance of various GIS subject areas. Our findings demonstrate considerable breadth in the range of education and experience held by faculty members who are presently teaching GIS courses. In evaluating the importance placed on GIS teaching elements, we found little variation among individuals according to their institution type or educational attainment. However, significant differences in the perceived importance of GIS teaching areas were found across disciplinary areas.     

基于GIS的银行管理系统

为了提高银行服务质量和其竞争力,可以利用GIS提供广泛的地理查询功能,辅助决策功能和客户服务功能。以营业系统的各种营业业务网点及相关资源为主要内容,建立营业网点GIS查询系统,将有以下的特点:通过GIS技术为客户提供更方便、更快捷的咨询、业务受理服务;把银行的营业网点、分理处、ATM机、自助等各种资源通过GIS技术有机地联系起来,并通过电子地图展现出来,为银行各个部门的自身业务管理以及领导的综合决策提供可靠的GIS信息基础。     

Choosing GIS graduate programs from afar: Chinese students' perspectives

With the increasing demands for geospatial analytics in industry and academia, the need for Geographic Information Systems/Science (GIS) education is on the rise. A growing number of departments in geography have launched or expanded their GIS graduate programs. However, the factors influencing students choosing GIS programs have not been examined yet. In this study, we looked at Chinese students applying for overseas GIS programs and examined factors influencing their decision-making. We distributed the survey in GISphere, one of the largest GIS international student communities, and 84 valid questionnaires were returned. We analyzed the spatial and demographic patterns of Chinese students applying for overseas GIS programs. We identify five main factors that affect their choices of GIS programs: (1) education quality and awareness, (2) physical, social, and political environments, (3) improved employment prospects, (4) personal recommendations, and (5) the application process. Our study offers implications for the development of GIS graduate programs. We anticipate that the conclusions drawn from this research will benefit and advance geography and GIS education globally.     

GIS应用中电子地图图层的分组表达

文章主张在GIS业务系统中将地图分组为工作地图和背景地图,运用不同方式实现对地图有效的分类与组织。详细阐述了地图在GIS业务系统可视化过程中的分组表达,使地图数据能直观有效地应用于GIS业务系统之中,让用户在地图应用中具有流畅的地图操作和快速的地图影响。     

Incorporating Cellular Automata simulators as analytical engines in GIS

Contemporvy GIS suffer from a variety of problems. These include poor ability to handle dynamic spatial models, poor performance for many operations, and poor handling of the temporal dimension. Cellular Automata (CA) are dynamic mathematical systems based on discrete time and space. While CA have many similarities to GIS, and indeed excel in many areas in which GIS are deficient, they cannot themselves be considered as GIS since they lack the necessary sophisticated Capabilities in data input, data storage and retrieval, and data output. However, the advantages of CA in data analysis and modelling are significant. In order to exploit fully the advantages of each system - GIS and CA - we have developed a methodology and prototype system for coupling GIS and CA, in which the CA serves as an alternative analytical engine for the GIS. In the prototype system, spatial, temporal (i.e. time series), and spatio-temporal filters as well as spatial diffusion operators are developed. In addition, the integrated system provides a flexible framework for the programming and running of dynamic spatial models. We conclude that CA represent a viable alternate analytical engine for GIS and provide increased ability for dynamic spatial modelling within GIS.     

嵌入式GIS空间数据的内存管理研究

在嵌入式GIS中,嵌入式设备具有存储空间小、内存小、存取速度慢等缺点。为了适应嵌入式GIS的硬件环境,节省系统运行所需要的硬件资源,需要对空间数据的内存使用情况进行管理。提出了利用空间表和堆内存池的方法对系统的内存进行管理,使用这两种方法可以有效地组织和管理内存空间,优化系统结构,对嵌入式GIS的开发具有参考意义。     

GIS and people with visual impairments or blindness: Exploring the potential for education,orientation, and navigation

GIS, with their predominantly visual communication of spatial information, may appear to have little to offer people with visual impairments or blindness. However, because GIS store and manage the spatial relations between objects, alternative, non-visual ways to communicate this information can be utilized. As such, modified GIS could provide people with visual impairments access to detailed spatial information that would aid spatial learning, orientation, and spatial choice and decision making. In this paper, we explore the ways that GIS have been, and might be, adapted for use by people with visual impairments or blindness. We review current developments, report upon a small experimental study that compares the ability of GIS-based and various adaptive technologies to communicate spatial information using non-visual media, and provide an agenda for future research. We argue that adapted GIS hold much promise for implicitly improving the quality of life for visually impaired people by increasing mobility and independence.     

广州市空间数据检查系统的设计与实现

为了使空间数据能充分满足GIS建库与将来GIS应用要求，必须对空间数据进行全面有效的检查，控制空间数据的质量。本文着重介绍广州市空间数据监理系统开发的总体目标、设计思想与主要功能，对系统应用的主要技术进行阐述。     

Appreciative GIS and Strength‐Based Community Change

Problem‐solving is embedded deeply in the digital DNA of GIS. Most projects involving GIS 1.0 and 2.0 raise community weaknesses, failures and other problems and use them to motivate change. The projects often create a future that does not differ greatly from the past or last long. Although looking into community problems is important and sometimes necessary, the steps of problem‐solving do not always leave people feeling happy. To inspire communities to create change based on their strengths and achievements, and to provide better participant experience, this article develops the concept of a new form of GIS called Appreciative GIS (AGIS). AGIS are grounded in the affirmative premise that every community, however challenged, is gifted with certain assets, potentials and strengths which, when effectively exploited, can take that community to a better and sustainable future. Based on Earth's internal structure, the article develops a useful layered community model where crust, mantle and core strata represent the community's body, life‐draining and life‐giving elements in that order. The model helps explain the different views of the community from current GIS and AGIS perspectives. A Total GIS (TGIS) cube is also developed and used to indicate that current GIS commonly focus on elements of the mantle or what we do not have, what we cannot do and what makes us weak. AGIS, on the other hand, dig up the core and cultivate what we have, what we can possibly do and what makes us strong. In a significant departure from the linear approach of problem‐solving, the article suggests implementing AGIS through a 7G cyclical method. The article contends that although AGIS may not be the whole enchilada, they can serve as a beacon of hope and a powerful source of inspiration especially for individuals and groups who are perceived or made to perceive themselves as dysfunctional, weak or poor.     

基于GIS的盆地古构造重建方法研究

将GIS技术引入含油气盆地研究中，阐述了盆地古构造重建的数学建模方法，并将该方法与GIS集成，扩展了GIS的空间分析功能，建立了基于GIS的盆地古构造重建模型，实现了盆地古构造重建的数据输入、管理、分析、处理和可视化表达的一体化。