连续运行参考站监控系统设计和实现

全球导航卫星系统连续运行基准站观测数据是重要的基础地理信息源。针对需要一套监控系统实现硬件设备状态监控、数据监控、网络资源监控和工作流程监控的现状,该文介绍了全球导航卫星系统运行基准站监控系统的设计思路、系统架构、系统功能和系统实例。监控系统由数据层、平台层、服务层、业务处理层和用户层等组成。数据中心作为一个基准站网的中枢,关注点主要包括各基准站设备是否发生了故障、网络通畅与否、数据是否传输到位、数据的质量好坏以及站点安全等。基准站监控系统通过硬件配置、软件编制和软硬件集成,可实现上述功能。经实践表明,基准站监控系统设计先进,功能完善,可及时发现故障,保障基准站网正常运行,具有较强的实用性和推广性。     

GPS卫星导航定位技术的新进展

GPS卫星定位技术日益成熟,定位精度不断提高,尤其是实时差分技术的出现,使得GPS卫星定位技术在国民经济各领域得到了广泛应用。GPS发展的又一个新进展是建立连续运行卫星定位服务系统,为测绘工程和国民经济建设提供高质量的服务,创造可观的经济效益,而且为现代网络社会注入一种新的思维方法和服务模式。该系统主要由基准站设计、系统监控中心设计和用户子系统设计三部分构成,它是现代卫星定位、计算机网络、数字通讯等技术多方位、高深度的集成结晶。     

昆明建设GPS差分基准站系统

昆明市GPS差分基准站系统是昆明市城市空间数据基础设施的重要组成部分．该系统的主要任务是．建或由苦干连续运行的GPS差分站组成的基准站网．实时获取基准站的位置信息．通过数据通信网络将其按一定的格式提供给用户，再与用户的GPS观测数据联合解算．从而得到用户的空间位置。     

新疆油田CORS系统的建立与应用

新疆油田CORS基站网是我国首批针对整个油田应用的连续运行参考站网络系统,它在全准噶尔盆地13万km2范围内建立了永久性参考站,并进行精化似大地水准面的工作,以实现高精度三维测量,从而构成新一代的网络化的大地测量系统,可以向各级测绘用户提供高精度、连续的时间和空间基准,使油田井位测量、勘探踏勘、地面工程规划设计和空间数据采集等工作效率得到极大提高,成为数字新疆油田基础设施之一。     

深圳市连续运行卫星定位服务系统的建立与试验

具有实时定位服务功能的连续运行卫星定位服务系统(COBS)是当代GPS发展的热点之一，由于COBS系统突破了常规GPS差分作业系统分散、相互独立、临时性基准站频繁设置等问题，在大型工程和城市建设中得到了广泛应用。深圳连续运行卫星定位服务系统是我国第一个实时型COBS，该系统是在计算机城域网上建立的现代化城市大地测量网络服务系统，由卫星跟踪基准站、系统控制中心、用户数据中心、实时数据通信网络等组成，可全天候地向深圳地区用户提供厘米级实时和快速定位、毫米级事后精密定位等服务。该系统的建立为如何在我国推广、建立现代化动态大地测量信息网络探索出一套切实可行的思路和方法，也为今后在其他地区建立CORS提供了宝贵的工程经验。     

天宝基础设施解决方案成功应用于吉林省连续运行卫星定位参考站综合服务系统

吉林省连续运行卫星定位参考站综合服务系统（JLCORS）建设是于2010年1月正式启动,同年6月开始动工建设,目前已开始进入试运营阶段。这标志着吉林省地理信息获取与应用实现了新的跨越。吉林省连续运行卫星定位参考站综合服务系统是由省测绘局牵头,省气象局、省地震局参建的信息基础设施,是吉林省基于地心坐标系的新一代大地测量基准的主要技术载体,是吉林省现代化地理空间信息基准框架建设工程的重要组成部分。其中,天宝公司的基础设施解决方案在系统的建设中得到了成功应用。     

广域实时精密定位技术与示范系统基准站布局的设计与分析

广域实时精密定位技术可以极大地满足高精度用户的需求,其基准站的布局对该系统最终实现的服务性能指标有着决定性的意义。通过对基准站布局要求和服务区域特性的分析,设计了满足广域实时精密定位技术与示范系统性能指标的基准站布局方案,并借助中国地壳运动观测网络的28个监测站的数据,对设计的15个基准站的布局性能进行了仿真分析,结果表明：设计的布局能够满足广域实时精密定位技术与示范系统精度指标的要求。     

哈尔滨市交通导航系统的研究与应用

在哈尔滨市8个行政区范围内建立5个永久性连续运行GNSS基准站,各基准站观测数据通过专用数据通信网传送至数据管理中心,经过处理后实时通过专用网或因特网向导航用户发布国际通用格式的差分数据,以满足导航用户对高精度实时定位、测速、位移测量的要求,实现物流配送、公共安全、交通导航等现代化管理。     

哈尔滨市交通导航系统的研究与应用

在哈尔滨市8个行政区范围内建立5个永久性连续运行GNSS基准站,各基准站观测数据通过专用数据通信网传送至数据管理中心,经过处理后实时通过专用网或因特网向导航用户发布国际通用格式的差分数据,以满足导航用户对高精度实时定位、测速、位移测量的要求,实现物流配送、公共安全、交通导航等现代化管理。     

珠海市全市域数字高程基准在线三维服务系统的构建

给出了数字高程基准三维服务系统的构建方法,结合"数字珠海"的地理空间基础框架(珠海北斗连续运行卫星导航与位置服务系统/ZHBDCORS),开发了数字高程基准在线三维服务系统。该系统植根于已有的ZHBDCORS参考站网数据处理软件的基础服务数据和珠海市现代测绘基准最新成果,通过数据加密处理方法和ASP.NET技术,构建了集数据服务、用户管理、系统管理、配置管理于一体的珠海市全市域数字高程基准在线三维服务系统,实现了高精度在线地理空间基础框架服务和便捷高效的运维管理,提升了地方测绘基准服务质量和应用水平。     

Elements and Experiments of Shenzhen Continuous Operating Reference Stations （SZCORS） System

Real-time kinematic GPS precise positioning has been playing an increasing role in both surveying and navigation. Based on the city‘s fibre LAN network, Shenzhen Continuous Operating Reference Stations (SZCORS) system has been established and consists of GPS reference stations, system control center, user‘s data center, and real-time datacom network. The SZCORS system provides users the real-time centimeter positioning or post-processing millimeter positioning. This paper makes discussion on the structure of SZCORS system. Some experiments have been made to test the usablity, and then the data has been analyzed.     

南宁市连续运行卫星定位服务系统的建设

南宁市连续运行卫星定位服务系统（NNCORS）由基准站网、系统控制中心、数据传输系统、用户应用系统、用户数据中心五个部分组成,针对系统运行过程中遇到的数据备份、登陆不上、初始化时间较长和突发事件处理问题,提出了相应的解决方法。目前南宁CORS系统已初步建成并投入试运行,可全天候向南宁地区用户提供cm级实时和快速定位、mm级事后精密定位等服务,     

基于GIS的城镇近郊区空心化村庄信息系统的设计与实践

城镇近郊区的一些村庄受城镇经济发展与工作政策等因素的影响,逐渐变成了空心村。开发空心化村庄信息系统是保障村庄信息查询与统计分析工作的科学性、高效性运行的重要技术手段。本系统基于ArcGIS Engine与.NET平台技术,使用C/S服务器与客户端模式,利用C#语言编程实现。该系统在建立综合数据库的基础上,实现了村庄信息数据的更新与管理;根据用户需求,提供查询统计、空间分析、潜力评估、趋势预测4个模块。     

车载移动测量系统研制与应用实践

为满足高精度空间信息获取的需求,本文在集成高端国产激光雷达、惯性测量单元等传感器的基础上,研发了新一代测绘级车载移动测量系统。设计优化了系统通信总线,对影响系统精度的因素进行了分析,并提出了激光雷达锥扫角标定方法及系统整体标定方法,提出了使用RTK优化POS数据的方法,精度达到厘米级。该系统在带状测图、高精度导航地图生产中进行了探索应用,证明系统安装便捷,采集处理速度快,满足高精度空间数据获取的需求,提高了空间数据获取的效率和精度。     

Design Considerations and Evaluation of a Collaborative, Spatio-Temporal Decision Support System

Collaborative spatial decision support systems (C‐SDSS) have been used to help groups of stakeholders understand data and search for opportunities at resolving local and regional decision problems in various domains including land use, trans‐ portation, and water resources. The key issue in designing an effective C‐SDSS is the anticipation of user information needs. Knowledge of user information needs can guide system designers in achieving a C‐SDSS that fits the decision process. In this paper we present a design approach that is informed by stakeholder concerns, as part of a user needs assessment. The approach is based on the premise that knowing stakeholders’ concerns can help anticipate user information needs and consequently lead to a more usable C‐SDSS. We demonstrate the approach with the example of a spatio‐temporal decision problem involving conjunctive water administration in the Boise River Basin in southwestern Idaho. The spatial dimension of the decision task involves delineating the areas of conjunctive water administration while the temporal dimension involves selecting the year in which a given area will start to be administered. We show how the elicitation of stakeholder concerns leads to functional specification of a collaborative spatio‐temporal decision support system.     

Assessment of the LandStar Real-Time DGPS Service under Several Operational Conditions

LandStar is a differential global positioning service (DGPS) that provides 24-h real-time positioning for various applications on land, water, and air in North America, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, and Africa. Its focus is on real-time applications requiring a submeter positioning capability such as agriculture, forestry, Geospatial Information Systems (GIS), survey/mapping, and land/vehicular navigation. LandStar uses a Wide Area Network of reference stations to derive DGPS corrections to model the variation of GPS error sources over a large area. These model parameters are used by the Virtual Reference Station processors to calculate standard corrections that are available for all predefined locations in the network. The corrections are transmitted to the user by L-band satellite communication in the standard RTCM SC104 DGPS correction format. This article investigates the performance of the LandStar Mk III system under various operational conditions and assesses its performance in both static and kinematic modes. Four field tests were conducted during 12 months that tested the sysem in clear static and kinematic conditions as well as suboptimal environments associated with low and heavy foliage conditions. Both the accuracy and availability of the system under these conditions is investigated, with an emphasis on whether the above variables are caused by the LandStar system differential corrections, the GPS measurements, or a combination of both. ? 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

增城市房产测绘管理信息系统设计与实现

随着房地产业的快速发展,增城市的房产测绘管理工作越来越繁重。本文通过分析房产测绘的发展及与GIS的关系,结合增城市测绘管理部门的业务,提出了基于GIS的房产测绘管理信息系统的总体设计。该系统以GIS为基础,建立规范的房产空间数据库,实现房产图、文档的一体化管理,促进信息共享,为增城数字房产奠定数据基础;开发了基础测绘、项目测绘、测绘办公管理等多个子系统,简化工作流程,提高增城市房产测绘管理的工作效率与服务质量,提升城市形象。     

我国建立现代大地基准的思考

提出了现代大地基准要考虑和顾及高精度、涵盖全部国土、三维、地心、动态、国际接轨等6个要素。建议在国家GPS2000网的基础上，进一步加密GPS网点和永外性跟踪站，构建有足够数量和密度合理分布的新的大地坐标框架点。现代大地基准应为用户在我国任何地点、任何时间测定高精度的三维地心坐标提供可靠的地理空间基础框架。     

A reference station-based GNSS computing mode to support unified precise point positioning and real-time kinematic services

Currently, the GNSS computing modes are of two classes: network-based data processing and user receiver-based processing. A GNSS reference receiver station essentially contributes raw measurement data in either the RINEX file format or as real-time data streams in the RTCM format. Very little computation is carried out by the reference station. The existing network-based processing modes, regardless of whether they are executed in real-time or post-processed modes, are centralised or sequential. This paper describes a distributed GNSS computing framework that incorporates three GNSS modes: reference station-based, user receiver-based and network-based data processing. Raw data streams from each GNSS reference receiver station are processed in a distributed manner, i.e., either at the station itself or at a hosting data server/processor, to generate station-based solutions, or reference receiver-specific parameters. These may include precise receiver clock, zenith tropospheric delay, differential code biases, ambiguity parameters, ionospheric delays, as well as line-of-sight information such as azimuth and elevation angles. Covariance information for estimated parameters may also be optionally provided. In such a mode the nearby precise point positioning (PPP) or real-time kinematic (RTK) users can directly use the corrections from all or some of the stations for real-time precise positioning via a data server. At the user receiver, PPP and RTK techniques are unified under the same observation models, and the distinction is how the user receiver software deals with corrections from the reference station solutions and the ambiguity estimation in the observation equations. Numerical tests demonstrate good convergence behaviour for differential code bias and ambiguity estimates derived individually with single reference stations. With station-based solutions from three reference stations within distances of 22–103 km the user receiver positioning results, with various schemes, show an accuracy improvement of the proposed station-augmented PPP and ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions with respect to the standard float PPP solutions without station augmentation and ambiguity resolutions. Overall, the proposed reference station-based GNSS computing mode can support PPP and RTK positioning services as a simpler alternative to the existing network-based RTK or regionally augmented PPP systems.