GPS多路径误差滤波方法比较研究

基于GPS多路径时间序列,分别采用Vondrak滤波、经验模式分解(EMD)和小波滤波3种方法构建了GPS多路径误差修正模型,并将其用于削弱多路径效应.通过对模拟数据及实测数据的分析表明,3种方法都能有效地分离不同噪声水平下时间序列中的信号和噪声.同时,利用3种方法构建的多路径修正模型可有效地削弱多路径效应的影响,提高GPS定位精度,但3种方法的优缺点各有不同.     

基于交叉证认的EMD滤波及其在GPS多路径效应中的应用

利用交叉证认的方法,提出一种新的基于EMD滤波去噪方法,并将其应用于GPS多路径效应的研究中。通过模拟实验及实测数据分析表明,该方法能够自适应地选择IMF中的信号层数,削弱随机噪声,合理地分离信号和噪声。利用该滤波方法去噪并建立具有重复性的多路径误差效应改正模型,可有效地削弱多路径效应的影响,进而提高GPS动态变形监测的精度。     

CVVF方法用于GPS多路径效应的研究

将交叉证认法与Vondrak数字滤波器相组合,提出一种分离测量资料中信号与噪声的新方法,即CVVF方法,并将该方法用于GPS多路径效应的研究中.对数字模拟试验和实际观测资料的分析表明,该方法能最大限度地削弱测量的随机误差,使资料序列中的信号和噪声合理分离.同时,利用GPS多路径效应周期性重复的特性,可有效地削弱多路径效应对观测结果的影响,从而提高GPS定位精度.     

基于EKF和自适应抗差滤波的星载GPS定轨方法

针对在星载GPS卫星定轨中由于卫星动力学模型误差和不可避免的观测异常严重影响定轨精度的问题,通过采用适当的自适应控制因子和应用抗差估计原理,构造自适应抗差扩展卡尔曼滤波(RAEKF)来实现星载GPS卫星定轨。实测计算表明,自适应抗差扩展卡尔曼滤波对观测误差和状态扰动有一定的抵制能力,与一般扩展卡尔曼滤波相比提高了精度,证明其理论的可行性。     

自适应滤波在GPS测速中的应用

GPS定位以及测速误差中包含有卫星星历误差、电离层、对流层延迟以及多路径效应等多种误差,对GPS的测速精度有着十分重要的影响,减小其误差的一种重要的方法即为卡尔曼滤波。由于GPS测速难以确定动态噪声和观测噪声,因此,标准卡尔曼滤波往往不能时时满足假设条件,而致发散。采取自适应的滤波方法对其进行改进并进行了比较,取得了较好的结果。     

GPS动态相对定位的自适应Kalman滤波算法

GPS动态数据处理中广泛应用卡尔曼滤波,经典Kalman滤波认为预报误差是白噪声,服从零均值的正态分布,并利用动态噪声协方差矩阵来控制它对当前信息的影响,但实际测量定位中难以保证观测对象的规则运动,因而容易出现模型误差。针对GPS动态定位的这一问题,探讨了在实际应用中存在模型误差时的卡尔曼滤波,介绍了一种自适应Kalman滤波算法,该法顾及了载体机动加速及接收机发生周跳时的影响,减少了滤波发散的机会。     

一种基于多普勒频移的GPS自适应滤波算法研究

针对接收机的动态模型对GPS定位精度的影响,提出了一种基于多普勒频移观测的高动态GPS自适应滤波算法。该算法利用GPS伪距测量值以及利用信号载波的多普勒频移所获得的伪距率测量值,在GPS动态滤波中同时观测伪距和伪距率。借助于移动目标的运动矢量模型以及GPS定位误差模型建立了滤波方程。重点讨论了运用该模型进行Kalman滤波的实现过程。仿真实验表明,该模型与传统的方差自适应模型相比,位置精度提高了32%、速度精度提高了25%,应用本文算法能够提高定位精度和改善接收机的动态性能,拓宽高精度、高动态导航的应用范围。     

将GPS广播星历算法作为低轨卫星动力学模型的综合定轨方法

根据GPS广播星历算法的预报特性和自适应抗差滤波原理,提出了一种将GPS广播星历算法作为低轨卫星动力学模型的自适应抗差滤波综合定轨方法。计算结果表明,所提出的自适应抗差滤波综合定轨方法不仅充分利用了几何观测信息,而且通过自适应因子合理地控制了不可靠的广播星历预报信息对滤波解的贡献,有效地保证了定轨的精度和可靠性。     

奇异谱分析滤波法在消除GPS多路径中的应用

基于奇异谱分析(singularspectrumanalysis,SSA)的基本思想,利用噪声与信号的赫斯特(Hurst)指数有显著差异这一特性,提出了一种新的SSA滤波法,同时给定了嵌入维数犔与重构阶次犘的确定标准,并将该方法应用于GPS多路径的研究中。通过模拟数据及实测GPS坐标序列的数据分析,结果表明SSA滤波法是一种有效的去噪方法,其去噪效果与小波滤波与经验模态分解(empriricalmodedecomposition,EMD)滤波相当。针对多路径效应周日重复性的特点,利用该滤波方法建立改正模型,可有效地削弱多路径效应的影响,进而提高GPS动态变形监测的精度。     

基于小波变换的单历元算法及其在结构振动监测中的应用研究

GPS作为一种新的结构振动监测工具正受到广泛关注.目前GPS的采样率可达100 Hz,可以满足结构振动监测对采样率的要求,但GPS观测量受多种误差源的影响,其测定结构振幅的精度有待进一步提高.将小波分析方法用于隔离观测噪声,并综合利用两种单历元算法的优点,提出一种新的结构振动监测单历元算法.若干试验验证本方法的正确性和有效性.     

融合小波变换和自适应Kalman滤波在GPS监测中的应用研究

针对自适应卡尔曼滤波只适用于滤除高斯分布的白噪声,本文提出了融合小波变换和自适应卡尔曼滤波的算法。该算法利用小波变换的多尺度分解,将GPS高频的监测时间序列进行多层分解,重构出新的GPS监测时间序列,将其作为新的自适应卡尔曼滤波初始值,进行滤波处理。将融合算法的滤波结果与单一的自适应卡尔曼滤波结果进行对比分析,结果表明融合算法的滤波效果较为显著。同时,对融合算法滤除的噪声信息进行统计分析,结果表明融合算法滤除的噪声符合正态分布,进一步说明了该融合算法的有效性,为GPS的高频率、高精度的监测提供了技术支持。     

EEMD滤波技术在GPS动态监测数据去噪中的应用

为了削弱结构动态监测中GPS随机噪声的影响,本文研究了一种基于集成经验模态分解(EEMD)技术的滤波方法。根据信号自身尺度分解信号,基于分解产生的本征模态函数(IMF)的Fourier变换频谱特征,构造了EEMD时空滤波器。对不同信噪比的仿真非平稳数据进行去噪处理并与小波去噪法相比较,各项指标表明基于EEMD滤波器的去噪方法与小波去噪方法效果相当,但避免了小波基的选择,具有更大的自适应性。应用于GPS动态监测数据的去噪结果表明该方法能有效分解信号消除GPS高频噪声及低频噪声的影响,提取有用振动信号,为进一步结构分析提供有效数据。     

Adaptive estimation of multiple fading factors in Kalman filter for navigation applications

Kalman filter is the most frequently used algorithm in navigation applications. A conventional Kalman filter (CKF) assumes that the statistics of the system noise are given. As long as the noise characteristics are correctly known, the filter will produce optimal estimates for system states. However, the system noise characteristics are not always exactly known, leading to degradation in filter performance. Under some extreme conditions, incorrectly specified system noise characteristics may even cause instability and divergence. Many researchers have proposed to introduce a fading factor into the Kalman filtering to keep the filter stable. Accordingly various adaptive Kalman filters are developed to estimate the fading factor. However, the estimation of multiple fading factors is a very complicated, and yet still open problem. A new approach to adaptive estimation of multiple fading factors in the Kalman filter for navigation applications is presented in this paper. The proposed approach is based on the assumption that, under optimal estimation conditions, the residuals of the Kalman filter are Gaussian white noises with a zero mean. The fading factors are computed and then applied to the predicted covariance matrix, along with the statistical evaluation of the filter residuals using a Chi-square test. The approach is tested using both GPS standalone and integrated GPS/INS navigation systems. The results show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the filter performance and has the ability to restrain the filtering divergence even when system noise attributes are inaccurate.     

Filtering GPS time-series using a Vondrak filter and cross-validation

Multipath disturbance is one of the most important error sources in high-accuracy global positioning system (GPS) positioning and navigation. A new data filtering method, based on the Vondrak filter and the technique of cross-validation, is developed for separating signals from noise in data series, and applied to mitigate GPS multipath effects in applications such as deformation monitoring. Both simulated data series and real GPS observations are used to test the proposed method. It is shown that the method can be used to successfully separate signals from noise at different noise levels, and for varying signal frequencies as long as the noise level is lower than the magnitude of the signals. A multipath model can be derived, based on the current-day GPS observations, with the proposed method and used to remove multipath errors in subsequent days of GPS observations when taking advantage of the sidereal day-to-day repeating characteristics of GPS multipath signals. Tests have shown that the reduction in the root mean square (RMS) values of the GPS errors ranges from 20% to 40% when the method is applied.     

基于小波分析的Kalman滤波动态变形模型研究

对GPS动态形变测量信号的性质进行了分析 ,采用小波分析对GPS动态变形数据滤波、变形特征提取和不同变形频率分离。与Kalman滤波方法相结合 ,首次提出基于小波分析的Kalman滤波动态变形分析模型 ,研究其参数设计和算法 ,并用MATLAB与C语言在微机上编程实现。对比大坝实测数据的处理结果可知 ,通过对原始观测值进行小波分析与Kalman滤波的联合处理 ,能克服只使用单一方法进行GPS数据噪声处理的不足。     

自适应卡尔曼滤波法用于变形监测数据处理

卡尔曼滤波作为一种动态数据处理方法广泛应用在变形监测数据处理中。文中针对传统卡尔曼滤波因动态噪声不准或不容易确定影响结果准确度的问题,提出并探讨了方差补偿自适应卡尔曼滤波,并通过传统卡尔曼滤波和自适应卡尔曼滤波对GPS变形监测数据进行处理,其结果表明方差补偿自适应卡尔曼滤波对GPS变形监测具有很好的剔除噪声的作用,效果明显。     

两种滤波方法在SINS／GPS组合导航中的应用与比较

针对SINS／GPS组合导航系统中卡尔曼滤波发散的情况,引入了自适应滤波和H∞滤波,分析了它们各自的特性,最后进行仿真计算,验证了这两种滤波用于SINS／GPS组合导航系统的可行性和有效性,对实际应用中组合导航系统滤波器的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

基于小波包分解的结构自振特征提取及多路径误差分离

为了准确获取结构自振特性,通过分析多路径误差和结构振动的频率特征,采用小波包分解和频谱分析相结合的方法,在不同尺度下进行特定成分的提取,再作频率特性分析。实验结果表明,小波包能够有效地分离多路径误差,实现结构振动特征的提取,GPS测定的结构自振频率与理论值吻合较好,并且具有很好的稳定性。     

Multipath mitigation via component analysis methods for GPS dynamic deformation monitoring

Multipath is one of the main error sources in high-precision global positioning system (GPS) dynamic deformation monitoring, as it is difficult to be mitigated by differencing between observations. In addition, since a specific frequency threshold value between multipath and deformation signals may not exist, multipath is usually inseparable from the low-frequency vibration signal using conventional frequency-domain filter methods. However, the multipath repeats in two sidereal days when the surroundings of a GPS antenna remain unchanged. This characteristic can be exploited to model and thus mitigate multipath effectively in dynamic deformation monitoring. Unfortunately, a major issue is that the degree of repeatability decreases as the interval between first day and subsequent days increases. To overcome this problem, we develop a new sidereal filtering referred to as reference EMD-ICA (EMD-ICA-R), where empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and independent component analysis (ICA) are jointly used to model multipath and renew the reference multipath. For the successful implementation of the EMD-ICA-R, an a priori denoised multipath signal is needed as a reference. We further propose to use the principal component analysis (PCA) method to extract more accurate reference multipath signal and form a combined PCA-EMD-ICA-R approach. Simulation experiments with a motion simulation platform were conducted, and the testing results indicate that the proposed methods can mitigate the multipath by around 67 % when a reliable reference multipath signal is extracted from a static situation. Furthermore, simulation experiments with different deformation signals added into the coordinate time series of three consecutive days show that the two proposed methods are also effective in a dynamic situation. Since wavelet filtering is used to denoise the reference multipath signals in the new approaches, simulation experiments with several wavelet filters are tested, and the results indicate that the PCA-EMD-ICA-R approach can work well with various wavelet filters.