CG-5相对重力仪野外实验精度分析

针对CG-5相对重力仪零点漂移规律对测量精度的影响及仪器系统阐述欠缺等问题,通过静态、动态和布设相对重力网实验对CG-5相对重力仪进行测试,研究CG-5型相对重力仪的漂移规律、性能及精度。结果表明,仪器的静态零点漂移线性度很好,6d的零漂率变化不大,总体呈下降的趋势。经过零点漂移改正后的动态零漂率很小,仅为5μGal/h,动态实验的动态误差为2.207μGal,在限差10μGal之内。相对重力网平差精度较高,均在限差5μGal之内。CG-5相对重力仪在测试中表现出了较稳定的状态,测得数据精度较高,符合厂商提供的标称精度。     

TDJ-88型陀螺经纬仪敏感系统的振荡漂移

陀螺经纬仪敏感系统振荡平衡位置的漂移,会使仪器的定向观测值产生系统误差,本文对４台国产ＴＤＪ－８８型陀螺经纬仪启动状态和自摆状态的振荡漂移进行了测定研究,与国内外三种同类仪器进行了比较,结果表明：ＴＤＪ－８８型仪器系统漂移明显,相同时间内的漂移值自摆时大于启动时,两种工作状态下的漂移方向相反;三种同类仪器启动工作时的系统漂移也比较显著,且观测误差很大;ＴＤＪ－８８仪器与其它仪器相比,系统漂移和观测     

GPS观测数据中的仪器偏差对确定电离层延迟的影响及处理方法

本文通过设计不同的计算方案详细分析了ＧＰＳ观测中的仪器偏差对确定电离层延迟的影响,利用多天实测数据,结合仪器偏差与电离层延迟的分离方法,探讨了仪器偏差的稳定性,并提出了一种静态确定电离层延迟的方案。算例表明它能有效克服仪器偏差影响。     

六、P24 测量仪器

正CH20120372 陀螺经纬仪的仪器常数随温度漂移规律的研究=Instrument Constant of Gyrotheodolite Drifting with Temperature/王飞(信息工程大学测绘学院),邓向瑞,李广云,范百兴//武汉大学学报·信息科学版.-2011,36(3).-289～292对某型陀螺经纬仪的仪器常数受环境温度的影响进行实验,利用数理统计方法分析、处理了各温度下仪器常     

陀螺经纬仪的仪器常数随温度漂移规律的研究

对某型陀螺经纬仪的仪器常数受环境温度的影响进行实验,利用数理统计方法分析、处理了各温度下仪器常数的数据,发现其变化符合线性规律,从而可实现温度对仪器常数的漂移影响的自动补偿。     

重力极潮的小波分析

分别分析Brussels台站的观测记录,首先扣除数据序列中的合成潮得到重力残差,接着用小波带通滤波器将残差滤波,得到256～512 d时间尺度上的序列,然后运用最小二乘法估算Chandler和周年项的潮汐因子.由于小波滤波器能更有效地消除仪器漂移,计算结果具有更小的均方差,更加可靠.     

LaCoste & Romberg航空重力仪的零点漂移

概述LaCoste&Romberg(L&R)航空重力仪零点漂移的计算方法。以连续48天的实验室观测数据分析SA-1航空重力仪零点漂移的特点,以野外实测数据计算SA-1和SA-2两套航空重力仪的零点漂移。最后,简要给出航空重力测量数据处理中零点漂移的顾及方法。     

红外测距仪参数的监测与亏秩平差

本文讨论用秩亏自由网平差方法监测红外测距仪参数的漂移。首先证明以全组合法检测仪器参数的平差问题属亏秩平差范畴,然后讨论两种平差方法及相应的漂移显著性检验,并以算例说明具体实施步骤。结论是:只要充分注意监测精度,可以起到监测参数漂移的作用,从而减少例行的去专用基线场检测的各种耗费。     

利用最冷目标地物替代法计算Jason-2微波辐射计的年度漂移

本文研究最冷目标地物替代法计算Jason-2微波辐射计JMR年度漂移。针对Jason-2卫星微波辐射计(JMR),利用微波辐射计传输模型,建立JMR 3个通道的全球最低亮温观测值的理论计算模型,模拟其3通道全球地物观测最冷亮温;基于2008年—2012年Jason-2地球物理数据(GDR)产品中全球对地观测亮温序列和模型计算的最冷亮温,建立亮温序列的最小观测亮温统计模型,查找全球地物观测最冷亮温序列;根据地物年度变化特性,建立光谱分析模型,去除最冷亮温序列的年度谐波;去除年度谐波后,采用线性拟合的方法外推最冷亮温序列的理论最小值,并据此计算Jason-2微波辐射计仪器的年度漂移量。     

两种抗差估计在陀螺信号处理中的比较

捷联寻北仪中影响寻北精度的主要因素是陀螺随机漂移.由于陀螺信号中不可避免地存在异常观测或粗差,陀螺随机漂移中包含异常噪声(异常数据).抗差估计通过连续降权和连续减弱影响的方法抵制异常数据,是一种控制异常数据的有效方法.本文给出了两种抗差估计解及其相应原则,利用一个实际算例比较了两种抗差估计控制异常数据影响的能力.计算结...     

GT-2A航空重力仪静态测量实验及性能分析

设计静态测量实验和升降台实验对GT-2A航空重力仪的零漂率、分辨力和尺度因子进行分析。利用GT-2A定点静态连续观测数据、相对重力仪同步观测数据和固体潮模型计算的重力固体潮数据，计算了GT-2A的零漂率。固体潮改正之前和之后的计算结果表明，采用GT-2A连续静态观测数据计算的零漂率差值最大可达7.4 μGal/h；采用施测前后校准测量数据计算零漂率引入的代表误差最大为13.7 μGal/h。以上结果表明固体潮对零漂率的确定具有较大影响。测试GT-2A观测重力固体潮的能力，通过频域分析发现幅值超过30 μGal的分潮波会对GT-2A测量结果的幅-频特征产生影响，认为GT-2A的分辨力约为30 μGal。升降台实验中利用GT-2A测定重力垂直梯度，与相对重力仪测得的重力垂直梯度比较，计算出GT-2A实验量程内观测数据的尺度因子为-0.003 4 ±0.011 6。     

相对重力测量值的改正

影响相对重力测量精度的主要因素有潮汐、气压、仪器高、零点飘移和地下水变化以及仪器格值函数等。文中研究了在中国重力基本网 2 0 0 0 (CGBN2 0 0 0 )精度要求下各影响因素的计算公式和其中存在的问题 ,给出了一组便于实际测量应用的计算公式 ;同时对重力仪格值因子的误差和选取、非构造因素中地下水活动等问题进行了讨论     

超导重力仪观测数据分析

超导重力仪作为目前研究时变重力场的主要仪器具有很高的灵敏度和稳定性、很低的噪音水平和漂移以及很宽的动态频率响应范围。探测时间序列中隐含的周期信号是超导重力仪观测数据分析的主要目标之一,通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)和最小二乘谱分析方法分析超导重力数据中隐含信号的检测,并对两种方法结果进行了分析比较。并最终用小波分析的方法进行了检校。     

海空重力测量关键技术指标体系论证与评估

技术规程是开展海空重力测量作业的重要依据。针对我国现行海空重力测量规范或标准缺乏现势性的问题,开展了海空重力测量测线布设密度、测量精度、空间分辨率、海空重力仪零点漂移与动态重复性等关键性指标分析和论证,提出了由测点重力中误差、系统差和平均误差3个指标组成的测量精度评估体系,以及由格值标定相对精度、零点月漂移量、月漂移非线性变化中误差和月漂移非线性变化限差4个指标组成的海空重力仪稳定性评估体系,给出了相关技术指标的验证和评估方法,同时对涉及船载重力测量测点归算、航空重力测量厄特沃什改正、测量平台倾斜改正及海空重力测量精度评估等关键性数学模型进行了分析和改进,旨在为下一步启动军民融合海空重力测量作业规程编制工作提供技术支撑。     

船载绝对重力仪测量系统的误差修正模型及不确定度分析

目前的激光干涉绝对重力仪均在静态环境下工作,而动态环境下的绝对重力测量是技术发展的热点之一。船载绝对重力测量能够很好地克服海洋相对重力测量仪器的零漂、标定、误差累积等问题,提高作业效率和可靠性。基于激光干涉绝对重力仪工作原理设计了一个船载绝对重力仪测量系统,该系统由绝对重力测量系统、陀螺仪稳定平台、力平衡式加速度计和GPS（global positioning system）组成。通过对影响船载绝对重力测量系统的垂直波动、纵摇横摇、水平波动以及厄特弗斯效应等4类干扰源进行分析,给出了该系统正常工作的动态限制条件、误差修正方法和修正精度,验证了在现有技术条件下,船载绝对重力仪测量系统的测量精度可以优于±1.1 mGal,为进一步的船载绝对重力测量实验提供理论支撑。     

Comparison of the Graf sea gravimeter with the Vening Meinesz apparatus on board the submarineU.S.S. Becuna

Measurements of gravity were made on boardU.S.S. Becuna (SS 319) with a Vening Meinesz pendulum apparatus and a Graf sea gravimeter at approximately the same time. Comparison of data uncorrected for depth of submergence, E?tvos correction and second order effects of horizontal acceleration showed that there was a change related to time of observation. These corrections were not made as they would be the same for both sets of observations, and no provision had yet been made to take care of the horizontal accelerations for the Graf sea gravimeter. The variation with otime could be caused by instrumental drift or scale calibration. After removal of this effect by visually fitting the data trend with a straight line, there were three observations with large discrepancies, seventeen with discrepancies of 3–9 mgal and thirty-nine with discrepancies of 0–3 mgal, showing close approach to a statistical distribution. The three large discrepancies may be dismissed because of very bad depth control during the observations. The discrepancies 3–9 mgals are larger than expected and perhaps are attributable to depth control and inadequate observation time for the Graf sea gravimeter. It is concluded that the Graf sea gravimeter shows great promise for use on a submarine. An apparatus to take into account the horizontal acceleration effects must be added, and suitable drift characteristic obtained. Despite its advantages of ruggedness, ease of operation, ease of data reduction, reduced size and weight, many more comparisons of the Graf sea gravimeter with the Vening Meinesz pendulum equipment should be made before the latter are displaced Probably the Graf sea gravimeter will be usable on a stable platform on a surface vessel at least in calm sea states.     

Establishment of precise gravity network of airport stations in India

A precise gravity network of thirty-five stations based on the first order gravity station at Palam airport, New Delhi (979.13433 gals—University of Wisconsin 1969 value) was established during April–June 1971, covering the entire country, in order to use them as reference bases for any future gravity surveys in India with a repeatability of ±0.05 mgal or less. The instrument, a LaCoste-Romberg geodetic gravimeter No. G-84, was transported by air over the network of airport stations embracing Trivandrum in the south, Srinagar in the north, Bombay in the west and Mohanbari in the east. The four airport stations in New Delhi, Calcutta, Madras and Bombay which were more precisely established by a large number of repeat observations were utilised as base stations for facilitating easy occupation of the remaining thirty-one stations within their respective zones. The observations were reduced by procedure which permits automatic removal of instrumental drift from the observed readings. According to the depicted drift curve, the instrumental drift though comparatively small, is found not exactly linear due to the possible tare effect observed at the initial stage and also the resulting creep drift that might have been developed during transportation of the gravimeter by air. The final results along with their probable errors of the order of ±0.01 mgal for base stations and ±0.03 mgal for other stations relative to the adopted value at Palam airport, are given in Table 1. Fourteen of the sites occupied are reoccupations of stations already established by the University of Wisconsin in 1963, and the results of the old and the new measurements as given in Table 2, are in remarkable agreement, which ensures the correctness of the calibration factors of the present instrument relative to that of the Wollard's LaCoste-Romberg gravimeter No. G-1-A actually employed in the 1963 measurements.     

Is the instrumental drift of superconducting gravimeters a linear or exponential function of time?

The instrumental drift of the superconducting gravimeter in Membach, Belgium, is estimated using 9 years of co-located and episodic absolute gravity measurements. We show that the best model of the long-term drift of the SG-C021 is an exponential. The thermal levelers used to compensate tilts are unlikely to induce the observed drift. Rather, the capacitance bridge, magnetic variations, gas adsorption on the levitating sphere, or helium gas pressure variations around it are most likely the possible combined causes of the observed instrumental drift. In practice, either linear or exponential drift models are equivalent as long as the record duration does not exceed 10 years. For longer records, this study demonstrates that an exponential models the drift better than a simple linear trend.     

国产零长弹簧原理动态重力仪首次飞行试验及精度评估

CHZ-Ⅱ重力仪是首套完全国产零长弹簧原理航空重力仪,2018年4月在陕西渭南地区进行了首次飞行试验,共完成4个架次24条测线的有效飞行,标志着我国航空重力仪在自主研发的道路上又取得了长足的进步。利用飞行地区地面重力数据对CHZ-Ⅱ重力仪的测线扰动重力和格网扰动重力数据进行精度评估,其中空中测线在10 km分辨率条件下,精度达到1 mGal。采用地形辅助法对测量形成的5'测格网重力数据进行向下延拓,经延拓至地面后精度优于5 mGal,基本满足平原地区的测量需求。