城市公交换乘服务设计与实现

以地理信息公共服务平台的公众服务为出发点,针对公众出行的实际问题,设计了以纯关系结构表达并兼顾图形表达的公交数据模型,在此基础上实现了以换乘次数最少为主要目标的公交换乘算法,并封装形成基于OGC服务接口规范的公交换乘服务,通过公共服务平台提供服务。     

一种基于关键帧动画的时空数据动态可视化方法研究

以时空数据可视化表达为研究对象,提出一种以地理现象真实时间为串联,以关键帧及线性插值动画为手段的动态符号逻辑模型。将地理实体不同时态的特征以图形符号表达并作为关键帧;在关键帧之间根据需要使用插补算法生成多个中间时刻的图形符号,并模拟表达该时刻地理实体特征,这个过程称为中间帧生成;采用地图动画时间串联各个关键帧和中间帧,并按时间顺序和一定约束规则连续播放,形成动画符号,实现时空数据的几何特征和属性特征随时间变化的动态可视化。     

面向水流三维登记探索的多波束点云去噪及应用

针对多波束点云数据去噪难以保留精细特征,无法精确“锁定”河床形态问题,本文提出了一种面向自然资源确权水流三维登记探索的多波束点云去噪算法。以KD树搜索为基础,引入统计滤波理论进行多尺度噪声分类,并剔除大尺度噪声;针对小尺度噪声,在信息熵理论基础上,以主成分分析算法为基础,以信息熵最小原则确定最优邻域,并据此构建曲率信息熵对双边滤波因子进行优化改进,以实现水下地形点云去噪与精细特征保留的目的。试验结果表明,本文算法具有可行性,能够有效保证水下地形的精细特征,并能够应用于自然资源水流三维登记。     

基于ObjectArx的地下管线平断面图生成方法

以AutoCAD为平台,利用ObjectArx进行综合管线图绘制时,将管线关键信息写入AutoCAD对象字典中,进行数字化建模。以每段施工路径为单位构建梯形裁剪面,利用选择集选取与裁剪面相交的管线并进行裁剪生成带状平面,以提高数据的处理效率。以单个裁剪面为单位构建坐标变换矩阵进行带状平面摆正操作,并对摆正带状平面产生的误差进行补偿,生成水平带状平面图。结合摆正后的带状平面图,将断面信息投影到断面,最终生成地下管线平断面图。     

基于富客户端GIS的数字校园系统研究与实现

为满足现代化校园管理的发展需要,研究并实现基于富客户端GIS开发技术和电子地图的数字校园系统,使校园信息能以文字、图像、声音等多媒体形式予以展示,并改进基于传统B/S架构的Web信息系统响应速度慢、页面表达简单、交互性差等缺点,以提升用户体验,具有较好的实用价值.     

基于模糊聚类分析的测点变形及稳定性检验方法

基于模糊数学理论,本文对某平面网的监测数据建立模糊相似矩阵,以判别各期数据的相似程度,并采用模糊聚类分析方法对各监测点进行分类,以检验平面网各监测点的稳定程度。实验结果表明,该方法能够分析各期数据间的相似程度,并有效判别各监测点的细微变形,适用于变形监测点的稳定性检验     

彰显特色 亮点纷呈——江苏省江阴市实施节约集约用地“十八法”的经验

近年来,面对人多地少、资源匮乏的市情,江苏省江阴市坚持以集中推进集约,以集聚促进节约,逐步形成并全面推广了一整套行之有效的节约集约用地＂十八法＂,走出了一条经济发达地区以科学用地促进经济社会可持续发展的新路子。     

MOOC和分组对抗赛在《数字地形测量学》教学中的应用

以CDIO教育理念作为课堂教学的主导思想,利用MOOC平台建设了《数字地形测量学》在线课程,并将在线课程引入到课堂教学中,通过组织班级内部的分组对抗赛,以赛带学,以赛促练,对处于中下游学习成绩的学生帮助明显。     

基于WebGIS的税务征管系统设计与实现

针对目前税务信息化建设过程中存在的部分问题,本文以MAPGIS_IMS7.0为平台,基于WebGIS技术设计并实现了税务征管系统,并重点论述了该系统的体系结构、功能模块设计和关键技术。实例表明,该系统以直观的地图方式展现税务数据,实现了对税源进行科学、便捷的管理,同时提高了处理税务工作的效率。     

基于地籍成果的网络化的房产管理系统的建立

介绍了以地籍管理成果为基础,以房产管理部门的历史 档案调查、实地调查资料为辅助的网络化房产办公系统组建的全过程.并对作业详细步骤和系统工作的原理以及系统的功能作以评介.     

基于球面投影的散乱点云三维建模算法实现与效果分析

介绍基于球面投影的散乱点云三维建模算法步骤,运用VC++编程语言结合OpenGL图形接口实现该算法,并结合实例说明球面投影法相对于圆柱面投影法、椭球面投影法在三维建模中的优势.     

Helmert's projection of a ground point onto the rotational reference ellipsoid in topocentric cartesian coordinates

Summary In order to derive the ellipsoidal height of a point P_t, on the physical surface of the earth, and the direction of ellipsoidal normal through P_t, we presente here an iterative procedure rapidly convergent to compute, in a topocentric Cartesian system, the coordinates of Helmert's projection of the ground point P_t onto the reference ellipsoid of revolution .We derive as well the cofactor matrix of total vector of the topocentric coordinates of the above ground point and of its Helmert's projection so that to compute the variance of ellipsoidal height.     

Calculating Map Projections for the Ellipsoid

Application of standard map projections to the ellipsoidal Earth is often considered excessively difficult. Using a few symbols for frequently-used combinations, exact equations may be shown in compact form for ellipsoidal versions of conformal, equal-area, and equidistant projections developed onto the cone, cylinder (in conventional position), and plane, as well as for the polyconic projection. Series are needed only for true distances along meridians. The formulas are quite interrelated. The ellipsoidal transverse and oblique Mercator projections remain more involved. An adaptation of the Space Oblique Mercator projection provides a new ellipsoidal oblique Mercator which, unlike Hotine's, retains true scale throughout the length of the central line.     

用定向定位调整法确定区域性椭球面

为使GPS网严格地归算到地方独立坐标系，提出了一种使区域性椭球面更密切地吻合于既定投影面的新方法；先改动已知椭球的长半径和偏心经，使椭球面与投影面在位置基准点处相交，再对椭球的定向进行调整，以消除椭球面相对于投影面的倾斜。为此，推导出作为旋转角的垂线偏差分量与大地高变动量之间的函数关系式，以及由于重新定向而引起的椭球中心的平移公式。尔后利用宁波市GPS控制网实测资料验证了新方法的有效性。     

常用海图投影平面上大椭圆航线的表象与曲率分析

利用空间矢量方法推导出了椭球面上只与起止点地理坐标有关的大椭圆航线方程，代入4种常用海图投影的正解公式，得到不同投影平面上的大椭圆参数方程；利用上述参数方程进而推导出了不同投影面上大椭圆航线的曲率与曲率半径公式。选取伦敦到纽约的大椭圆航线为例，通过绘制不同投影面上的大椭圆航线并分析其曲率、曲率半径变化曲线可知，大椭圆航线在日晷投影上的表象为曲率处处为0的直线，而在其他投影面上的表象为曲率较小但不断变化的曲线。利用推导的曲率半径公式可以计算各类大椭圆航线上任意位置的“代曲直距”，方便在不同比例尺的海图上对大椭圆航线进行量测和绘制，提高作图效率。     

Ellipsoidal terrain correction based on multi-cylindrical equal-area map projection of the reference ellipsoid

An operational algorithm for computation of terrain correction (or local gravity field modeling) based on application of closed-form solution of the Newton integral in terms of Cartesian coordinates in multi-cylindrical equal-area map projection of the reference ellipsoid is presented. Multi-cylindrical equal-area map projection of the reference ellipsoid has been derived and is described in detail for the first time. Ellipsoidal mass elements with various sizes on the surface of the reference ellipsoid are selected and the gravitational potential and vector of gravitational intensity (i.e. gravitational acceleration) of the mass elements are computed via numerical solution of the Newton integral in terms of geodetic coordinates {,,h}. Four base- edge points of the ellipsoidal mass elements are transformed into a multi-cylindrical equal-area map projection surface to build Cartesian mass elements by associating the height of the corresponding ellipsoidal mass elements to the transformed area elements. Using the closed-form solution of the Newton integral in terms of Cartesian coordinates, the gravitational potential and vector of gravitational intensity of the transformed Cartesian mass elements are computed and compared with those of the numerical solution of the Newton integral for the ellipsoidal mass elements in terms of geodetic coordinates. Numerical tests indicate that the difference between the two computations, i.e. numerical solution of the Newton integral for ellipsoidal mass elements in terms of geodetic coordinates and closed-form solution of the Newton integral in terms of Cartesian coordinates, in a multi-cylindrical equal-area map projection, is less than 1.6×10^–8 m²/s² for a mass element with a cross section area of 10×10 m and a height of 10,000 m. For a mass element with a cross section area of 1×1 km and a height of 10,000 m the difference is less than 1.5×10^–4m²/s². Since 1.5× 10^–4 m²/s² is equivalent to 1.5×10^–5m in the vertical direction, it can be concluded that a method for terrain correction (or local gravity field modeling) based on closed-form solution of the Newton integral in terms of Cartesian coordinates of a multi-cylindrical equal-area map projection of the reference ellipsoid has been developed which has the accuracy of terrain correction (or local gravity field modeling) based on the Newton integral in terms of ellipsoidal coordinates.Acknowledgments. This research has been financially supported by the University of Tehran based on grant number 621/4/859. This support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are also grateful for the comments and corrections made to the initial version of the paper by Dr. S. Petrovic from GFZ Potsdam and the other two anonymous reviewers. Their comments helped to improve the structure of the paper significantly.     

The Hammer projection of the ellipsoid of revolution (azimuthal, transverse, rescaled equiareal)

The classical Hammer projection of the sphere, which is azimuthal transverse rescaled equiareal, is generalized to the ellipsoid of revolution. Its first constituent, the azimuthal transverse equiareal projection of the biaxial ellipsoid, is derived giving equations for an equiareal transverse azimuthal projection. The second constituent, the equiareal mapping of the biaxial ellipsoid with respect to a transverse frame of reference and a change of scale, is then considered; results give collections of the general mapping equations generating the ellipsoidal Hammer projection, which lead to a world map. Received: 14 May 1996 / Accepted: 21 February 1997     

基于椭球面三角格网的数字高程建模

针对传统的DEM在模拟表达大面积地形时具有存在裂缝、地理分析不精确、数据冗余等问题，在椭球面四元三角格网QTM层次剖分的基础上，提出了一种基于椭球面三角格网层次剖分的数字高程建模方法，该方法避免了上述缺陷。应用全球GTOP030数据对该方法进行了验证。     

大地测量应用卫星的轨道设计 ——椭球谐引力场下卫星的运动

本文首先注意到近球面包络进动轨道(近圆)是大地测量应用卫星的共有特征;接着指出地球引力位的等势面非常接近共焦椭球面,其主项是严格的共焦椭球面,次项是10-6的摄动项;最后得出,在共焦椭球面成层分布引力场下,存在一条特殊的轨道——椭球面包络进动轨道,位于椭球面上,沿着大地线(测地线)作匀速、变曲率、均匀进动(升交点西退或东进)运动;这样一条特殊的轨道,是几何大地测量学、物理大地测量学和空间大地测量学与轨道理论的完美结合;若用椭球面包络轨道代替近球面包络进动轨道,因其严格顾及J2项,将更有利于大地测量应用卫星的轨道设计、卫星群分布设计、覆盖计算、入轨控制等。     

地图投影计算机代数分析研究进展

地图投影是现代地图学的重要组成部分,涉及大量的椭圆函数幂级数展开、隐函数复合函数微分、椭圆积分、复变函数运算等一系列烦琐的数学分析过程,人工推导不但费时费力,而且容易出错,有时由于难以忍受的复杂性等各种原因,甚至根本无法实现。本文主要从椭球各纬度间正反解符号表达式、不同变形性质地图投影间的直接变换、高斯投影的复变函数表示、斜轴墨卡托投影数学分析、极区海图投影及变换等5个方面,论述了地图投影计算机代数分析取得的研究进展,讨论了该领域有待进一步解决的主要问题,对推动地图投影学的发展具有积极意义。