知识驱动下的飞机目标变化检测方法

针对高分辨率光学遥感图像,提出了一种知识驱动下的机场区域飞机目标变化检测的思路和实现方法。首先,根据机场的地理位置知识信息,建立该机场的空间掩模图像,在此基础上获取待检测飞机目标的候选区域;然后,结合目标区域的控制点知识信息,对输入图像进行空间位置配准;再利用飞机目标的变化会导致区域纹理发生显著变化这一知识信息,提取目标区域的纹理特征进行变化检测,并对区域进行弱纹理剔除和边缘抑制处理;最后,利用数学形态学运算方法剔除部分孤立点,得到最终的检测结果。实验表明,该方法可以显著减小由配准误差、边缘响应等因素造成的虚警,飞机目标变化检测的正确率达到92.47%。     

高分辨率遥感影像配准与变化检测一体化处理

为了克服高分辨率遥感影像配准与变化检测作为单独环节处理的局限,该文提出了一种基于变分理论的配准与变化检测一体化处理方法。该方法将配准误差作为一种光谱变化决策因子,变化信息以权值的方式迭代反馈给变分配准模型的解算过程。为了更准确地检测建筑物这个特定目标的真实变化,该文采用多尺度最大形态学轮廓建筑物检测指数的差异作为另外一个决策因子。最后将配准误差反映的变化和建筑物检测指数的差异这两个决策因子在D-S证据理论框架下建立概率模型进行融合处理,进而得到建筑物的变化检测结果。该文选取WorldView-2数据进行实验,实验结果表明,一体化处理思路可以有效地解决单独处理的局限,从根本上解决配准误差对变化检测结果的影响以及由于变化而使配准精度降低的问题,进而提高配准和变化检测的质量。     

高分辨率遥感影像波段配准误差试验分析

高分辨率遥感影像波段间配准误差是影响影像质量及其应用精度的重要因素之一。配准误差指标要求是影像传感器研发中 的一项重要参数。为准确分析配准误差对遥感应用的影响程度，在试验研究中利用多项式模型模拟各种配准误差的图像，并从几何 精校正、目视解译、非监督分类实验及数据融合等角度分析了不同波段配准误差情况下对遥感应用的影响，提出了遥感应用中对高 空间分辨率卫星影像的波段配准指标要求。     

结合像元级和目标级的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物变化检测

快速、精准的建筑物变化检测对城市规划建设等业务管理具有重要意义。随着卫星遥感技术的快速发展,基于高分辨率遥感影像的建筑物变化检测得到了广泛关注。针对像元级建筑物变化检测方法往往精度不足而目标级建筑物变化检测方法过程烦琐等问题,本文提出结合像元级和目标级的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物变化检测方法。首先综合高分辨率遥感影像的多维特征,利用随机森林分类器进行影像集分类,以获取像元级建筑物变化检测结果;然后对后时相遥感影像进行图像分割,获得影像对象;最后融合像元级建筑物变化检测结果和影像对象,识别变化的建筑物目标。利用双时相QuickBird高分辨率遥感影像进行建筑物变化检测试验,结果表明：本文提出的方法能够削弱光照、观测角度等环境差异对建筑物变化检测的影响,显著改善建筑物变化的检测精度。     

结合IR-MAD与均值漂移算法的密集城区遥感影像变化检测

不同时相遥感影像变化检测已成为土地利用变更调查、城市扩张分析、自然灾害分析及其他环境问题必不可少的技术手段之一。本文提出了一种结合IR-MAD与均值漂移算法的密集城区遥感影像变化检测方法。该方法通过伪不变特征法完成两期影像的相对辐射校正，有效改善影像间的配准误差，并利用IR-MAD算法对校正后的影像进行迭代运算，采用均值漂移算法对迭代后的影像进行分割，同时运用形态学方法处理分割后的影像，最终提取变化图斑。试验结果表明，该方法可以有效检测出变化区域，可应用于城市地表覆盖的变化检测。     

像素级和对象级高分辨率遥感图像变化检测分析

高分辨率遥感图像具有丰富的纹理信息,而像素级变化检测方法主要分析图像的光谱信息,导致将像素级变化检测方法用于高分辨率遥感图像具有一定的局限性。因此,本文提出了一种像素级与对象级相结合的高分辨率遥感图像变化检测方法,解决了像素级与对象级变化检测方法中存在的椒盐现象、误检等问题。首先,结合高分辨率遥感图像的多维特征,构建遥感图像变化检测模型;其次,利用随机森林分类器对图像进行分类,得到像素级变化检测结果;最后,将像素级变化检测结果与图像对象分割结果进行融合,得到图像变化区域和不变区域。试验结果表明,该算法具有较高的准确率和检测精度。     

特征级高分辨率遥感图像快速自动配准

随着遥感图像分辨率的日益提高,遥感图像的尺寸和数据量也不断地增大,同时随着遥感应用的发展,对图像配准的性能也提出越来越高的要求,基于此,提出一种特征级高分辨率遥感图像快速自动配准方法。首先,对图像进行Haar小波变换,基于小波变换后的近似图像进行配准以提高配准速度;其次,根据不同的遥感图像来源使用不同的特征提取方法(光学图像使用Canny边缘提取算子,SAR图像使用Ratio Of Averages算子),并将线特征转化为点特征;然后,依据特征点间最小角与次小角的角度之比小于某一阈值来确定初始匹配点对;最后,利用改进的随机抽样一致性算法滤除错误匹配点对,并结合分块思想均匀选取匹配点对计算仿射变换参数,进一步提高配准精度。为了验证本文方法的有效性,选择高分辨率World View-2图像、Pleiades图像和Terra SAR图像进行了实验,并与典型的SIFT算法、SURF算法进行比较分析,采用匹配率、匹配效率、均方根误差和时间消耗4个定量评价指标来客观评价算法的配准性能。实验结果表明,本文方法具有较好的有效性,且在不同的情况下具有较高的配准精度。本文提出的特征级高分辨率遥感图像快速自动配准方法,多组高分辨率遥感图像数据的配准实验结果表明该方法能快速实现并具有较高的配准精度和较好的鲁棒性。     

遥感卫星在轨机场变化检测方法

针对机场飞机变化检测时效性要求高的特点,提出了遥感图像在轨变化检测的方法。该方法利用遥感卫星前后两幅机场图像,通过SURF方法配准并进行仿射变换,然后利用显著目标检测方法缩小目标检测区域,最后利用本文提出的圆周信息匹配方法,将二维图像匹配转换为一维信息检测的问题,实现对飞机的检测。利用前后两轨卫星遥感图像进行了试验,仿真结果表明,配准精度达到1个像素,能准确检测出飞机目标,说明该方法能准确高效地检测出机场飞机变化信息。     

基于深度学习差值分析的高分影像建筑物变化检测

高分辨率遥感影像的建筑物变化检测在灾害评估、城市管理等方面应用广泛.为提高建筑物变化检测精度,提出一种对不同时相的图像分别进行建筑物提取,再利用差值法进行变化检测提取建筑物变化结果的方法.首先利用基于分类验证原理对高分辨率遥感影像进行建筑物提取与优化,进一步将两幅不同时相的建筑物提取结果转化为两幅二值图像,在此基础上使用图像差值法得出图像变化的部分,最后对初步结果进行腐蚀膨胀等后处理,得到最终的变化结果.实验表明,该方法相对于直接利用原始影像进行变化检测,能够有效对变化建筑物进行检测并提高检测的精度.     

利用影像分割和匹配特征进行无人机影像变化检测

针对无人机拍摄的影像偏角大、投影差明显的问题,提出一种基于影像分割与匹配特征的无人机影像变化检测方法。该方法基于匹配的特征点和分割的单元,以配准误差为缓冲半径进行相关运算,并提出了双向互相关方法来抑制影像分割不一致对变化检测结果的影响。实验结果表明,该方法提高了无人机影像变化检测的精度,对无人机影像由于大倾角所带来的配准误差问题有较好的容忍度,并削弱了无人机影像的投影差对于变化检测的影响。     

Assessment of the image misregistration effects on object-based change detection

High-spatial resolution remote sensing imagery provides unique opportunities for detailed characterization and monitoring of landscape dynamics. To better handle such data sets, change detection using the object-based paradigm, i.e., object-based change detection (OBCD), have demonstrated improved performances over the classic pixel-based paradigm. However, image registration remains a critical pre-process, with new challenges arising, because objects in OBCD are of various sizes and shapes. In this study, we quantified the effects of misregistration on OBCD using high-spatial resolution SPOT 5 imagery (5 m) for three types of landscapes dominated by urban, suburban and rural features, representing diverse geographic objects. The experiments were conducted in four steps: (i) Images were purposely shifted to simulate the misregistration effect. (ii) Image differencing change detection was employed to generate difference images with all the image-objects projected to a feature space consisting of both spectral and texture variables. (iii) The changes were extracted using the Mahalanobis distance and a change ratio. (iv) The results were compared to the ‘real’ changes from the image pairs that contained no purposely introduced registration error. A pixel-based change detection method using similar steps was also developed for comparisons. Results indicate that misregistration had a relatively low impact on object size and shape for most areas. When the landscape is comprised of small mean object sizes (e.g., in urban and suburban areas), the mean size of ‘change’ objects was smaller than the mean of all objects and their size discrepancy became larger with the decrease in object size. Compared to the results using the pixel-based paradigm, OBCD was less sensitive to the misregistration effect, and the sensitivity further decreased with an increase in local mean object size. However, high-spatial resolution images typically have higher spectral variability within neighboring pixels than the relatively low resolution datasets. As a result, accurate image registration remains crucial to change detection even if an object-based approach is used.     

融合多特征的遥感影像变化检测

常规多时相遥感影像变化检测主要基于光谱信息,没有充分利用纹理、几何、形状等多种特征信息,不足以体现检测目标的完整性和准确性。本文针对不同特征在变化检测中应用的优势,在提取影像多种特征的基础上,构建了1维和多维两种基于信息融合策略的变化检测方法,即利用1维特征空间加权距离相似度运算、多维特征空间的模糊集融合和支持向量机融合策略进行变化检测。利用多时相QuickBird高分辨率遥感影像进行城市土地覆盖变化检测试验,结果表明,本文方法可以有效集成不同特征的优势与表征变化信息的能力,提高变化检测过程的稳定性和适用性,同时能够更好地保持变化地物的结构和形状,突出主要变化目标。     

面向变化检测的遥感影像弹性配准方法

对于遥感载荷技术指标差异、观测角度、时相、地形起伏等内外部因素造成的几何畸变,采用全局配准方法制约着影像配准和变化检测精度的提高。提出一种基于加速抗差特征（speed up robust feature,SURF）算法的全局匹配和像元局部配准模型相结合的弹性配准方法,以不同时相遥感影像的差值特征影像各像元正态分布密度函数构建像元局部参数解算权重,缓减不同时相影像中辐射亮度差异较大的像元对局部配准模型参数解算的影响,采用城市典型区域遥感影像进行实验,结果表明该方法影像配准精度（包括地形起伏区域）优于1个像元,弹性配准算法的适用性和运算速度有一定的提高。     

Automatic change detection of buildings in urban environment from very high spatial resolution images using existing geodatabase and prior knowledge

The updating of geodatabases (GDB) in urban environments is a difficult and expensive task. It may be facilitated by an automatic change detection method. Several methods have been developed for medium and low spatial resolution images. This study proposes a new method for change detection of buildings in urban environments from very high spatial resolution images (VHSR) and using existing digital cartographic data. The proposed methodology is composed of several stages. The existing knowledge on the buildings and the other urban objects are first modelled and saved in a knowledge base. Some change detection rules are defined at this stage. Then, the image is segmented. The parameters of segmentation are computed thanks to the integration between the image and the geodatabase. Thereafter, the segmented image is analyzed using the knowledge base to localize the segments where the change of building is likely to occur. The change detection rules are then applied on these segments to identify the segments that represent the changes of buildings. These changes represent the updates of buildings to be added to the geodatabase. The data used in this research concern the city of Sherbrooke (Quebec, Canada) and the city of Rabat (Morocco). For Sherbrooke, we used an Ikonos image acquired in October 2006 and a GDB at the scale of 1:20,000. For Rabat, a QuickBird image acquired in August 2006 has been used with a GDB at the scale of 1:10,000. The rate of good detection is 90%. The proposed method presents some limitations on the detection of the exact contours of the buildings. It could be improved by including a shape post-analysis of detected buildings. The proposed method could be integrated into a cartographic update process or as a method for the quality assessment of a geodatabase. It could be also be used to identify illegal building work or to monitor urban growth.     

联合像元-深度-对象特征的遥感图像城市变化检测

特征空间的构建和优化对遥感图像识别能力的提高具有重要作用。针对面向对象方法对波段光谱信息利用不足,以及像元识别法无法充分利用图像空间几何等信息的问题,本文建立了新颖的联合像素级和对象级特征的航摄遥感图像城市变化检测方法。首先,充分利用像素级和对象级特征的优势,建立考虑光谱、指数、纹理、几何、表面高度及神经网络深度特征的特征空间;然后,引入LightGBM(light gradient boosting machine)算法对大量特征进行选择研究;最后,采用随机森林识别器对宜兴市2012年和2015年两期遥感图像进行识别,利用变化矩阵进行城市的变化检测。结果表明:联合像元、深度、对象特征和LightGBM特征选择算法的识别效果最好,平均的总体识别精度达到了88.50%,Kappa系数达到0.86,比基于像元、深度或对象特征的识别方法分别提高了10.50%、15.00%和4.00%;城市变化检测精度达到了87.50%。因此,本文方法是利用甚高分辨率航摄遥感图像进行城市变化的检测的有效方法。     

沈抚“同城区”生态空间遥感自动识别及动态检测研究

以辽宁省沈抚新城区为研究对象,选择2006、2010及2014年Landsat影像为数据源,利用面向对象方法提取城市生态空间信息,并对研究区内的景观格局动态特征和多方向变化特征进行了相关计算和分析。结果表明:1)多方向变化分析研究区南部城市增长最多,沈抚新城发展中抚顺区域推进较快,不断向沈阳方向发展;2)绿地整体的增加和城市建筑增加呈显著正相关,沈抚新城生态空间结构逐渐靠拢,并向着规划中的打造浑河景观带的目标努力;3)2006~2014年期间,平均斑块面积和最大斑块指数呈增加趋势,散布与并列指数和蔓延度指数逐年递减,说明沈抚同城化过程中景观具有均衡性和规划性。     

基于注意力密集连接金字塔网络的新增建设用地变化检测

城市新增建设用地变化迅速频繁、场景复杂等因素导致变化检测结果出现欠分割或过分割等问题,基于此本文提出了一种融合注意力机制的密集连接金字塔网络用于城市新增建设用地变化检测。在编码阶段运用卷积注意力模型提升对变化信息的关注度,突出重要特征;采用密集连接空洞卷积空间金字塔池化模块实现多尺度特征的提取与融合,提高特征的利用率与传播效率;在解码阶段通过对提取的特征图进行上采样还原图像的空间尺度特征。试验结果表明,该方法有效改善了欠分割与过分割问题,变化检测效果更好。     

Monitoring Detailed Land‐Cover Changes in Shrubland Habitat Reserves Using Multi‐temporal IKONOS Data

Abstract

The objective of this study was to explore the utility of multi‐temporal, multi‐spectral image data acquired by the IKONOS satellite system for monitoring detailed land cover changes within shrubland habitat reserves. Sub‐pixel accuracy in date‐to‐date registration was achieved, in spite of the irregular relief of the study area and the high spatial resolution of the imagery. Change vector classification enabled features ranging in size from tens of square meters to several hectares to be detected and six general land cover change classes to be identified. Interpretation of the change vector classification product in conjunction with visual inspection of the multi‐temporal imagery enabled identification of specific change types such as: vegetation disturbance and associated increase in soil exposure, shrub removal, urban edge vegetation clearing and fire maintenance, increase in vegetation cover, spread of invasive plant species, fire scars and subsequent recovery, erosional scouring, trail and road development, and expansion of bicycle disturbances.     

Evaluating the Sensitivity of Image Fusion Quality Metrics to Image Degradation in Satellite Imagery

Referring to the high potential of topographic satellite in collecting high resolution panchromatic imagery and high spectral, multi spectral imagery, the purpose of image fusion is to produce a new image data with high spatial and spectral characteristics. It is necessary to evaluate the quality of fused image by some quality metrics before using this product in various applications. Up to now, several metrics have been proposed for image quality assessment; which are also applicable for quality evaluation of fused images. However, it seems more investigations are needed to inspect the potentials of proposed Image Fusion Quality Metrics (IFQMs) to registration accuracy, especially in high resolution satellite imagery. This paper focuses on such studies and, using different image fusion quality metrics, experiments are conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of such metrics to a set of high resolution satellite imagery covering urban areas. The obtained results clearly reveal that these metrics sometimes do not behave robust in the whole area and also their obtained results are inconsistence in different patch areas in comparison with the whole image. These limitations are in minimum situation for an image quality metric such as SAM and are completely tangible for image quality metrics such as ERGAS in case of multi modal and DIV and CC from mono modal category.     

高分辨率影像解译理论与应用方法中的一些研究问题

近年来，不断发展的遥感技术使遥感数据呈现出高空间分辨率、高光谱分辨率和高时间采集频率的特点。卫星图像空间分辨率已经提高到0．6m级，而航空遥感数字影像分辨率高达0．1m以上。光谱分辨率高达3—4nm。不断发展的高分辨率遥感数据能够提高信息提取和监测精度，并拓展遥感数据的应用范围。目前，国外已经加快对高分辨率图像，特别是高空间分辨率影像，在城市环境、精准农业、交通及道路设施、林业测量、军事目标识别和灾害评估中的应用。但是总的情况是自动化程度不高。介绍高空间分辨率影像信息提取、高光谱和偏振影像信息提取、影像数据融合和高分辨率遥感变化探测等方面迫切需要研究的一些科学问题及其意义。建议建立图像知识库，改善数据共享环境，为有志于从事这方面研究的学者提供参考。