基于GIS的机场净空评定方法

机场净空评定是机场选址中的重要工作之一，根据机场净空的数学模型，结合基于特征的地学建模方法，在基于特征的地理信息系统（GIS）净空评定地学模型的基础上，本文提出了争空评定的思路，为GIS技术的机场工程中的应用做出了初步的探索。     

复杂地形机场的飞行程序仿真

修建在山谷、山腰和山顶的机场为复杂地形的特殊机场,于这类机场的飞行要求具有特殊机长资格。本文研究利用机场区域地形图等高线作为数据源,在GIS平台中进行矢量化后,进一步转换为DEM数据,叠加配准后的真彩色遥感图像,构建出山区机场真彩色三维场景;利用GIS二次开发控件开发出山区机场三维模拟飞行软件后,导入机场真彩色三维场景和飞行程序航路点数据文件,实现了飞行程序的飞行仿真。     

基于遥感和GIS的选址策略研究与实现

以某地新建化工厂选址为例,详细介绍了基于遥感和GIS的工程项目选址建模方法。该方法通过遥感获得地物的空间属性和类别特征,通过GIS的缓冲区分析、再分类、栅格叠加、归组、面积计算等空间分析与统计方法实现满足多个条件的目标区块的提取。作为选址模型的具体实现,以遥感和GIS分析软件为依托,规划出了某地适宜兴建化工厂的区块,实施了化工厂选址的遥感和GIS辅助决策。     

高精度遥感三维可视化在岩溶地区工程初勘调查中的应用——以云南小哨机场为例

本文对高精度卫星遥感图像(QucikBird)进行了图像预处理,图像融合,正射校正,并基于12∶000地形图上构建了DEM。在Erdas软件支持下,实现了遥感影像三维可视化。同时,针对岩溶地区工程初勘需要,应用ArcGIS实现了工程量计算、机场净空分析、岩溶漏斗信息自动提取、漏斗形态显示、地下溶洞网分析等,这为机场的进一步勘查提供了准确可靠的地质灾害信息,可为指导工程设计与施工提供参考。     

结合遥感和地学知识的高原机场工程地质评价

对于机场工程地质条件的评价,传统方式以野外地质调查方法为主,但野外工作往往受人类视野和活动能力的限制,要想在短时间内,快速准确地查明机场地质条件是很困难的。本文以遥感图像为信息源,进行遥感图像数字处理和三维可视化制作,结合基于地学知识的图像识别和解译技术,以云南昆明小哨国际机场为研究区,提取了相关地质信息,并结合已有资料,对其区域地质条件和场地地质条件进行了初步评价与工程地质条件分析,为进一步详勘工作提供了可行的参考。     

基于无人机遥感数据的长水机场地形变化分析

利用多期无人机航空影像提取DEM数据,对昆明长水国际机场建设前后的地形变化进行了定量化分析。通过对机场无人机遥感数据进行空三计算得到DEM数据,利用无人机影像提取建筑物的情况,并消除建筑物对DEM数据造成的起伏影响,再利用GIS对建设前后的机场地形进行了空间连续的工程填挖土石方量分析和坡度变化分析。结果表明,机场最终填挖土石方总量为2.00×108 m3,与工程实测设计预算的1.9×108 m3相符,场址地形发生了剧烈的削高填低变化,坡度明显降低,0°~6°坡度由占研究区总面积的49.3%增加至73.4%;6°~25°坡度由47.3%减少至24.2%,地形趋于平缓,为工程动态监测、绿化设计布置等管理工作提供技术和数据支撑。     

通讯光缆选线的遥感及GIS辅助决策分析

详细介绍了基于遥感和地理信息系统(GIS)的某地通讯光缆选线基本流程。借助遥感和栅格GIS分析软件Idrisiforwindows,成功规划出了最佳通讯光缆支线位置,实现了通讯光缆选线的遥感和GIS辅助决策分析。     

一种结合重心法和GIS技术的机场抢修预置物资仓库选址模型

如何科学、合理地进行预置物资仓库的选址是保证机场抢修时效性的关键问题.本文在分析总结传统重心选址法存在的问题的基础上,结合GIS技术,建立了基于道路距离的改进重心法最优选址模型,提高了机场抢修预置物资仓库选址的效率和实用性.     

西部遥感发展现状与前景展望

西部遥感经过20多年的发展,已经形成了航天、航空、地面探测以及与GIS相结合的较完善的遥感技术应用研究体系,是西部地区资源、环境、灾害调查与监测的重要技术支撑。本文首先回顾了西部遥感技术应用试验研究,总结了西部遥感在各领域的应用现状并择要列举了部分成果,最后结合西部大开发的需求,阐述了西部遥感今后发展前景与对策。     

适用于机载三维遥感的动态GPS定位技术及其数据处理

机载三维遥感采用动态ＧＰＳ定位技术提供遥感器的空中精确位置,能快速高效获得遥感地学编码图像和ＤＥＭ,雇地中国自行研制、具有独创性的机载三维遥感影像制图系统中的动态ＧＰＳ定位技术特点和要求进行了分析。论述了应用三维遥感的ＧＳＰ定位数据处理和算流程。法     

机场净空限制计算模型及可视化研究

机场净空管理是机场运行指标的重要组成部分,做好机场净空管理确保飞行区的安全使用是机场当局主要工作之一。文中在对机场净空限制进行详细分析的基础上,建立单向跑道净空数学模型,并在数学模型的基础上建立单向跑道净空数字模型,再借助ArcScene进行三维显示。为进一步研究多根跑道综合机场净空限制模型,提高机场净空管理的准确度、精度和速度奠定基础。     

Integrity monitoring algorithms for airport surface movement

Navigation algorithms are proposed for carrier phase ambiguity integrity monitoring to support aircraft surface movement. The enhanced integrity monitoring algorithm addresses the very stringent integrity requirements for surface movement by the use of multiple test statistics and a group separation concept for single and multiple failure detection and exclusion. The algorithms are subject to a detailed performance characterization for precision approaches and airport surface movement, using simulations as well as static and dynamic field trials, taking into account operational specificities, such as multipath and potential decorrelations between the reference station and aircraft due to ionospheric anomalies. Results show that the proposed algorithms have the potential to satisfy airport surface movement requirements if the ionospheric anomalies are monitored using a special ground-based network.     

GBAS airport availability simulation tool

A global navigation satellite system augmentation system availability analysis tool has been developed to simulate a ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) prototype, an integrity monitor test bed, to evaluate its operational benefits at an airport of interest. The proposed availability simulation tool includes all GBAS ground facility algorithms as well as a graphical user interface that allows the user to modify simulation options and parameters. The output of the simulation tool is presented in a Stanford chart to help visualize the performance. The chart indicates the availability and integrity. The performance is evaluated primarily in the vertical position domain because of the weaker satellite geometry and more stringent required navigation performance as compared to those of the horizontal position domain. The simulation tool is implemented in Qt (http://www.qt.io/), an open-source cross-platform toolkit, allowing the tool to run on various devices. The computations are performed in the associated C++ code. The Newark Liberty International Airport (ICAO code: KEWR) is used as a simulation example to demonstrate the utility of the developed tool for investigating how reduced error models impact GBAS availability at the airport.     

Establishment of precise gravity network of airport stations in India

A precise gravity network of thirty-five stations based on the first order gravity station at Palam airport, New Delhi (979.13433 gals—University of Wisconsin 1969 value) was established during April–June 1971, covering the entire country, in order to use them as reference bases for any future gravity surveys in India with a repeatability of ±0.05 mgal or less. The instrument, a LaCoste-Romberg geodetic gravimeter No. G-84, was transported by air over the network of airport stations embracing Trivandrum in the south, Srinagar in the north, Bombay in the west and Mohanbari in the east. The four airport stations in New Delhi, Calcutta, Madras and Bombay which were more precisely established by a large number of repeat observations were utilised as base stations for facilitating easy occupation of the remaining thirty-one stations within their respective zones. The observations were reduced by procedure which permits automatic removal of instrumental drift from the observed readings. According to the depicted drift curve, the instrumental drift though comparatively small, is found not exactly linear due to the possible tare effect observed at the initial stage and also the resulting creep drift that might have been developed during transportation of the gravimeter by air. The final results along with their probable errors of the order of ±0.01 mgal for base stations and ±0.03 mgal for other stations relative to the adopted value at Palam airport, are given in Table 1. Fourteen of the sites occupied are reoccupations of stations already established by the University of Wisconsin in 1963, and the results of the old and the new measurements as given in Table 2, are in remarkable agreement, which ensures the correctness of the calibration factors of the present instrument relative to that of the Wollard's LaCoste-Romberg gravimeter No. G-1-A actually employed in the 1963 measurements.     

“移去-恢复法”在机场工程大比例尺测图控制网中的应用

对大地高、正高与正常高的关系进行阐述,对机场工程场址条件较为困难时使用区域似大地水准面精化的方式满足大比例尺测图的可能性进行叙述,对"移去-恢复法"的计算方法、误差来源与精度评定方法进行论述,在实际算例中使用不同的EGM模型、不同的残差拟合方法所得到的结果进行比对,提出适合于机场工程大比例尺测图用控制网点正常高值拟合的方法。     

自适应无监督分类的PolSAR图像机场跑道区域快速检测

针对复杂PolSAR图像场景中机场目标区域检测问题,本文提出一种自适应无监督分类的机场目标快速检测方法,该方法首先对极化SAR相干矩阵分解提取PolSAR图像的特征值图,转化为超像素图实现图像去噪及降维。然后用SLIC超像素分割算法分割构造超像素。基于超像素图构建极化分类特征,并采用无监督的谱聚类方法提取出疑似机场跑道区域,其中的类别数确定利用VAT-DBE(Visual Assessment of cluster Tendency-Dark Block Extraction)算法获得。最后,在疑似区域内结合跑道结构特征进一步辨识检测出场景中的机场跑道区域。利用美国UAVSAR系统采集的多组全极化SAR实测数据对算法进行验证,并与两种已有的无监督跑道检测算法进行对比,实验结果表明,该算法能够快速准确检测出机场跑道区域,处理耗时可减小80%以上。具有更好的鲁棒性。     

机场净空限制面内障碍物点三维测量

绘制机场净空限制面及障碍物位置图,是了解掌握净空限制面和障碍物关系的专用图。文中阐述了应用三维导线测量作为基本控制,以三维前方交会测量障碍物点的平面和高程的方法,为绘制机场净空限制面和障碍物关系专用图提供可靠依据。     

高填方机场边坡变形监测新方法

分析高填方机场边坡变形监测传统方法的不足,提出应用单台全站仪的自由设站变形监测方法,应用基于光束法平差的多测站观测值统一解算的数据处理方法,并在实际工程中与GPS方法进行比对,论证该方法的正确性和优越性,为今后解决类似工程问题提供借鉴.     

Prediction and analysis of GBAS integrity monitoring availability at LinZhi airport

Prediction and analysis of GBAS integrity monitoring is important, especially at the airports where a GBAS station it to be installed. Based on existing standard documents and published research, we present a software tool for GBAS availability prediction. Simulations have been conducted that include single point, single approach path, and multiple repetitions of a same approach path in order to analyze the availability of GNSS signal integrity monitoring with a GBAS at LinZhi airport. The results show that the long-term 24-h service availability figure at two typical single points along the approach path for GBAS Approach Service Type C (GAST C) is above 99.999 % for each point, and for GBAS Approach Service Type D (GAST D) at three typical single points, it is lower than 99.8 % for each point. The unavailability percentage over a 24-h period is 0.76 and 2.40 % for GAST C and GAST D, respectively. The results of sensitivity tests show that the impact of the mask angle and the latitude on the GBAS availability at LinZhi airport are more important than that of the constellation. Our conclusions could also be of interest for the implementation of GBAS stations at other plateau airports.     

基于Skyline的机场三维地下管线信息系统开发

为满足机场地下管线的科学化管理,开发三维地下管线信息系统,实现管线三维量测、定位、分析等功能。系统开发采用Skyline三维软件、PostgreSQL数据库和Visual Studio 2010等开发工具和CreatCylinder、CreateModel等接口,设计地下管线GIS系统的技术框架。研究结果表明:系统具有较好的可行性和实用性,功能使用方便,能够满足实际工作需求,对相关GIS系统的建设具有参考价值。