一种星载激光测高仪光斑内定位方法

提出一种利用铅垂线轨迹法及高程结构信息约束的星载激光测高仪光斑内定位方法。在星载激光测高仪辅助立体摄影测量体制下，以激光回波中包含的高精度高程结构信息作为约束条件，在足印光斑内，配合立体图像匹配生成的数字高程模型，选取定位候选点，并通过铅垂线轨迹法优化定位候选点高程值，消除立体图像定位误差引起的高程误差，获取符合高程结构约束的一系列位置的三维坐标。试验结果表明，该方法能够实现大光斑星载激光测高仪足印内的定位，高程定位精度为0.16 m，平面定位精度与立体图像一致。     

利用VLL-LSM自动检查DEM数据

针对用数字摄影测量手段从遥感影像中提取的DEM,探讨了一种利用垂线轨迹法(VLL)结合最小二乘匹配(LSM)进行DEM高程数据的自动检查与编辑的方法。实验证明,在一定条件下利用该检查方法能够快速、准确地发现并纠正DEM高程数据中存在的问题。     

数码城市空间数据模型与可视化研究

提出了一种新的基于三维矢量图形、数字地面模型与数字地面正射影像相结合的数码城市空间数据模型，介绍了基于这一模型的软件平台原型－CCGIS，并对未来数码城市构建技术进行了分析与展望。     

Digital Photogrammetric Monitoring of River Bank Erosion

Detailed understanding of the processes which control river bank erosion requires high resolution information concerning temporal changes in bank morphology. This paper describes the successful use of digital photogrammetry to extract high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from terrestrial oblique stereopairs of rapidly eroding river banks, using the commercial software package Erdas Imagine. This software was developed for use with aerial photography and satellite imagery; problems relating to the use of oblique terrestrial images are discussed and solutions presented. Photography was acquired using semi-metric cameras, mounted on tripods and positioned about 15m from the eroding bank. Data for DEM point spacings of 20mm were obtained, with accuracies of approximately ±12mm in depth. Digital photogrammetry can permit faster analysis, provide better accuracies and involve less ground disturbance than conventional methods of monitoring river channel change. Most importantly, DEM generation is considered to be more useful than traditionally acquired points or profiles for landform monitoring strategies.     

提高大比例尺地形图航测成图精度的测量方法

结合在白银市城区1∶500比例尺地形图航空摄影数字化成图,以及酒钢厂区1∶500比例尺现状图测绘的实际作业生产,介绍布设地面标志点进行航空摄影测量的作业方法,比较布设地面标志点进行航空摄影测量与常规航空摄影测量的成图精度。     

数码航摄影像在摄影测量中的应用

新型航空摄影仪在摄影测量中的应用已经成为大势所趋。针对新型数码航空影像在摄影测量应用中的高程精度和大重叠度摄影2个问题在理论上进行了分析和讨论,并使用实际数据进行空中三角测量试验,证实在大重叠度数码航摄影像的空中三角测量作业中,只要适当选择影像的地面分辨率,并且连接点转点必须向所有可能的影像转点,是完全可以满足成图精度要求的。     

Evaluation of Lidar and Medium Scale Photogrammetry for Detecting Soft-Cliff Coastal Change

Lidar and photogrammetry have both been evaluated for detecting shortterm coastal change using the Black Ven mudslide, Dorset as a case study. A lidar-generated digital elevation model (DEM) was obtained and initially compared with a DEM generated using available 1:7500 scale aerial photography and automated digital photogrammetry. The quality of these two data sets was assessed using a third DEM, derived using a total station and conventional ground survey methods. The vertical accuracies (rms error) of the lidar and photogrammetry were 0.26m and 0.43m respectively, although both data sets displayed a tendency to generate heights slightly lower than the elevation of the terrain surface. The quality of the two data sets was then assessed with respect to local slope angle. The accuracy of photogrammetrically derived elevations varied with slope and more so than in the case of lidar
From these basic tests, lidar has proved to be more accurate than photogrammetry for soft-cliff. monitoring. Further research is required to establish whether this trend is applicable to other data sets and specifically for photogrammetric data acquired using larger scale imagery     

摄影测量数据库的设计与建立

摄影测量数据库主要存储和管理数字地图成果数据，包括数字高程模型数据（DEM）、数字矢量地图数据（DLG）、数字影像地图数据（DOM）和数字栅格地图数据（DRG）。本文主要介绍了摄影测量数据库的设计、建立以及应用分析等内容。     

仅用虚拟控制点的超大区域无控制区域网平差

利用光学卫星影像进行无控制测图是摄影测量追求的目标。针对超大区域无控制测图的需求,本文提出了一种以单景影像为平差单元,基于虚拟控制点的光学卫星影像超大规模无控制区域网平差方法。该方法利用待平差影像的初始RPC模型生成虚拟控制点,并将其作为带权观测值引入平差模型中以改善平差模型的状态,克服了在无控制点条件下平差精度不稳定、误差过度累积引起的网的扭曲变形等问题。为了验证本方法的有效性和精度,利用资源三号卫星获取的覆盖全国的26 406景影像进行区域网平差试验,并利用全国范围内分布的约8000个高精度控制点对平差后自动生产的DOM和DSM产品的几何精度进行验证。试验结果表明,平面和高程中误差均达到了4m以内,同时,区域网内部相邻影像之间的几何拼接精度优于1个像素,满足无缝拼接的要求。     

ADS 80航空摄影测量系统的特点与应用

仪器设备状况是航空摄影测量技术发展水平的标志。徕卡ADS 80基于航天传感器线阵扫描和全球定位系统、高精度的惯性导航定向系统（IMU）获取数字影像,利用该传感器进行航空摄影,不需经过扫描,就可以直接为数字摄影测量、遥感图像处理系统提供高分辨率的全色、真彩色、近红外数字影像,能够实现DLG数据的快速采集。与以往基于像对的...     

量测化普通数码影像的随点生成核线匹配方法

基于普通数码影像的近景摄影测量算法成为目前摄影测量研究的热点,本文针对量测化普通数码影像的核线相关匹配特性,提出了一种随点生成核线匹配算法。实验数据表明该算法可在量测化普通数码影像上进行一维匹配,很好地提高了匹配精度和效率。     

一种适合于数字近景影像的绝对定向方法

数字近景影像的绝对定向同经典的航空摄影测量有很大的不同,为提高数字近景影像的绝对定向精度,提出了一种基于逐次相关条件平差模型的近景影像绝对定向方法。首先给出计算绝对定向参数初始值的严密公式。然后利用绝对定向方程的严密线性化形式进行逐次相关条件平差。同传统的基于经典间接平差的绝对定向方法相比,该方法可有效提高绝对定向的精度,非常适合于数字近景影像的绝对定向。     

航空数字摄影测量对林分立木测高及精度分析

为了解决以往森林调查手段需要在野外工作,并且比较耗费人力、物力与时间的问题,本文提出用航空摄影立体像对数字摄影测量的方法来估测林分立木高度。本研究利用两张廊坊市自然公园拍摄比例尺为1∶2500的航空像对,构建数字立体模型,在此模型上测量50株样木的高度,并结合实地用全站仪实测得出的数据进行精度的分析评价。结果表明:利用航空立体像对数字摄影测量立木高度,与全站仪实测数据相比差异不显著,两组数据呈线性正相关关系,精度达到93.96%,与林业调查上95%的精度要求较为接近。     

浅谈无人机在农村土地承包登记中的应用

无人机是继传统的航空摄影之后出现的一种新的数码航空摄影技术。它是利用无人机作为平台,用数码相机对地表进行航摄,以获取航空影像的一种方法。本文通过德惠市布海镇农村土地承包登记的试点工作,探讨了利用无人机航空影像制作1∶2 000比例尺DOM,并利用1∶2 000比例尺DOM进行农村土地承包登记的作业流程和技术方法。     

Digital Photogrammetry at English Heritage: A Pictorial Review of Projects to Date

Digital photogrammetry as an aid to the process of conservation of the historic environment is now an established technique within English Heritage. Digital elevation models, orthophotographs and perspective views are becoming invaluable to the conservator as a record of a monument or site prior to some form of intervention or historical analysis. This paper reviews a range of projects where the various products generated by digital photogrammetry have been used and discusses some of the problems encountered     

利用投影影像精化数字表面模型

随着摄影测量技术的成熟和人们对摄影测量产品应用的要求不断提高，真正射影像在工程与人们生活中扮演越来越重要的角色。生成高质量真正射影像的关键在于如何获取高精度的DSM。目前修正和改善DSM误差的方法普遍存在费力费时、精度缺乏保证及任意性等问题。本文针对DSM精度的修正问题提出了一种新的方法，即基于投影影像的概念，将空间点位在投影影像上的投影轨迹线作为几何约束条件，直接对现有DSM的高程进行修正的方法。通过获取高精度的DSM，进而生成更为精确的真正射影像。本文通过理论推导、单点高程和多点高程修正试验，验证了提出的新方法直观简单，适用性强，具有一定的实际应用价值。     

基于普通数码立体影像的同名核线搜索方法

普通相机拍摄的像片越来越成为近景摄影测量的主要数据来源,针对普通相机内方位元素不固定、图像畸变较大的问题,论文提出了先对立体影像进行内方位元素(x0、y0)和畸变系数k1改正、再建立核线影像的操作流程,推导了相关的数学模型,根据实例验证,得到了很好的效果。     

应用数字图像处理技术处理数字高程模型数据和与数字高程模型数据相结合的遥感信息

本文介绍了数字图像处理技术在处理数字高程模型数据和遥感信息与数字高程模型数据相结 合的综合分析方面的应用；说明了实现人工阴影和人工立体观察像对的方法的基本原理及其在处 理数字高程模型数据上的应用；介绍了为提高遥感图像的可解译性,把遥感信息与数字高程模型 相结合,制作遥感图像的人工立体观察像对和立体透视图像的方法技术。     

Using Stereo Satellite Imagery for Topographic and Transportation Applications: An Accuracy Assessment

The launch of the Very High Resolution (VHR) sensor satellites has paved the way for further exploitation of the capabilities of satellite stereo imaging for many applications. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the level of accuracy that can be achieved by using stereo satellite images for different applications involving significantly different types of terrain. Three mathematical models for satellite sensor modeling are used: Rational Function Model (RFM), 3D polynomial model, and 3D affine model. Three stereo pairs of image datasets are tested from different satellites for different areas: (a) Indian Remote Sensing (IRS)-1D stereo images for topographic mapping and digital terrain elevation modeling for an area in Egypt; (b) IKONOS stereo images for highway alignments extraction in Toronto, Canada; and (c) IKONOS stereo images for topographic mapping and geometric parameter extraction for highway alignments in Hong Kong, China. The accuracy was evaluated by comparing the results of the data extracted using stereo satellite images and those extracted from conventional techniques, including Global Positioning System, field measurements, and aerial photogrammetry. The accuracy of the extracted features was found to be within a pixel-level. The results of this paper should be of interest to professionals from different disciplines exploring the use and accuracy of satellite stereo images for topographic and transportation applications.     

THE CURRENT INVOLVEMENT OF IGN IN PHOTOGRAMMETRY

A review of some recent activities undertaken by the Institut Géographique National, France (IGN) in photogrammetry is given in this paper, especially with regard to digital and space data processing, assessment of SPOT images and the development of new instruments and experimental map products. The main topics considered can be divided into three groups: aerial surveying, digital photogrammetry and space photogrammetry (including the possibility of further planetary missions).