改革《地形绘图》教学 加强动手能力培养

在测绘院校中《地形绘图》课是各测量专业的必修基础技术课。主要讲授绘制地形图的基本原理和方法，训练绘制地形图的基本技能，配合测量专业课，为毕业生能独立测绘各种比例尺地形图和完成各种测绘任务打下坚实的绘图基础。《地形绘图》课的教学时数较少，     

测绘仪器精度的表示与检定

衡量测绘仪器品质高低的指标为测绘仪器的准确度或精度。本文针对相关测绘文献中混用准确度和精度的问题,论述了正确表述测绘仪器精度的方法。鉴于目前有关测绘文献部分名词表述不符合国家标准的情况,建议测绘行业主管部门制定统一标准,以利于测绘行业与其他学科的交流。文中还介绍了国际标准ISO 17123所建议的测绘仪器精度检定方法。     

胶片绘图墨水通过技术鉴定

为了促进胶片绘图和制印软片化新工艺的开展,满足胶片绘图和制印软片化对墨水的特殊要求,地图出版社工艺试验室研制成功一种新的胶片绘图墨水(分黑、红、棕、绿四色),并于1986年4月17日—4月19日在北京召开技术鉴定会。参加会议的有国家测绘局、测绘研究所、武汉测绘科技大学、部分省测绘局及地矿、石油、煤炭、地震等部门所属的研究所、作业队、印刷厂,共18个单位、23名代表。     

辽宁学会举行绘图技术表演报告会

辽宁省测绘学会于今年3月29日至31日,在沈阳科学馆召开了全省首次绘图技术表演报告会。共六十个单位,240余人出席会议,很多单位的行政领导和技术领导参加了会议。黑龙江省测绘学会、吉林省测绘学会筹委会也应邀派员到会参观指导。     

基于南方CASS的全国测绘行业职业技能竞赛绘图软件开发及应用

全国测绘行业职业技能竞赛工程测量赛项所规定的测绘成果形式与南方CASS地形绘图软件生产出的测绘成果存在一定差异。基于南方CASS地形绘图软件平台,通过AutoCAD内嵌lisp语言进行二次开发,即通过更改CASS环境和增加图层改色、图廓设置等功能,使参赛选手能在不改变传统绘图习惯的前提下,实现快速、准确修改指定地物的图层、颜色以及图廓要素等,高效地生产出满足竞赛要求的测绘成果。     

谈谈绘图的一点体会

李超英同志是浙江省地质局测绘大队青年绘图员，她所清绘和刻：绘的两幅地形图，在1982年地质部绘图质量评比中，分别被评为清绘第一和刻．图第一。李超英同志在绘图工作中，不局限于“依葫芦画瓢”，而是在熟练掌握操作技能的基础上，勤于学习，善于思索，精益求精。她的体会，对我们从事绘图作业的同志提高绘图水平，有一定的帮助。     

测量绘图电子手簿的原理及应用第四讲南方测量绘图电子手簿绘图

测量绘图电子手簿的原理及应用第四讲南方测量绘图电子手簿绘图冯仲科，王建新，孙伟科一、南方测量绘图电子手簿的扩展功能大家知道，关于电子手簿的基本功能和应具备什么功能，学术界、测绘界的看法很不统一，有三种基本思路：其一，认为电子手簿就是对野外观测成果的实...     

国产化学涂层聚酯绘图片有了新的改进

化学涂层聚酯绘图片作为一种新型绘图材料初步研制成功，很受各测绘部门和其他制图单位的重视。第一批试产品经制图生产试用，发现存在树酯变黄和对绘图工具磨损较快等缺点。为此，测绘总局研究所、上海化工厂和北京化工学院等单位，根据试用的中问     

电子束绘图实验

在国外已将电子束技术应用于绘图和录象，并把这种设备称为“Cartographic EBR”，业已形成系统，由研究试制阶段转到生产使用阶段了。在测绘方面用于生产分色缩微地图及符号注记版；在遥感方面用来记录卫星象片；     

现代测绘仪器在矿山测量中的应用

1 引言 70年代已来,随着光电技术的发展,光电结合型的测绘仪器大量出现,对传统的测绘技术产生了深刻的影响。目前,以卫星遥感技术(RS)、全球定位技术(GPS)、计算机绘图技术地理信息系统(GIS)(以上简称“3S”测绘技术),在我国一些国民经济部门已得到广泛使用。在我国大中型企业进行转轨改革的新形势下,我国的矿山开采业,如何跟上其他产业的改革步伐,把先进的测绘技术引进到矿山测绘工作中来,促进矿山开采业的迅速发展,这是每个矿山测绘工作者,在当前首先要考虑的问题。笔者就此问题进行了一些探讨。2 现代测绘仪器技术及其在矿山测量中的应用     

Mapping rates associated with polygons

Suppose that geographic data under investigation are rates associated with polygons. For example, disease incidence, mortality, and census undercount data may be displayed as rates. Spatial analysis of data of this sort can be handled very naturally through Bayesian hierarchical statistical modeling, where there is a measurement process at the first level, an explanatory process at the second level, and a prior probability distribution on unknowns at the third level. In our paper, we shall feature epidemiological data, specifically disease-incidence rates, and the “polygons” referred to in the title are typically states or counties.     

两种制图方法的结合

基于MapInfo在制图方面的不足以及CorelDRAW强大的图形图像设计功能,介绍MapInfo结合CorelDRAW制图的两种方法,其思想都是寻求一种将MapInfo地图转换到CorelDRAW中制图的合理途径.一种方法是通过AutoCAD DXF文件格式为中间格式转换,另一种方法是通过剪贴板直接进行数据格式转换.这样地图数据得到有效的存储,同时图形的制作更美观,更具个性.     

CASS数字测图软件中DTM的建立

基于数字地面模型的国内外研究及应用现状,结合实例研究了如何在CASS测图软件中建立数字地面模型、建立数字地面模型所需数据的获取方法,以及在实测中应注意的采样点的位置和密度。分析了如何在CASS测图软件中进行DTM的精度评定,具有一定的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

Mapping spiny aster infestations with QuickBird imagery

QuickBird satellite imagery acquired in June 2003 and September 2004 was evaluated for detecting the noxious weed spiny aster [Leucosyris spinosa (Benth.) Greene] on a south Texas, USA rangeland area. A subset of each of the satellite images representing a diversity of cover types was extracted and used as a study site. The satellite imagery had a spatial resolution of 2.8 m and contained 11-bit data. Unsupervised and supervised classification techniques were used to classify false colour composite (green, red, and near-infrared bands) images of the study site. Imagery acquired in June was superior to that obtained in September for distinguishing spiny aster infestations. This was attributed to differences in spiny aster phenology between the two dates. An unsupervised classification of the June image showed that spiny aster had producer's and user's accuracies of 90% and 93.1%, respectively, whereas a supervised classification of the June image had producer's and user's accuracies of 90% and 81.8%, respectively. These results indicate that high resolution satellite imagery coupled with image analysis techniques can be used successfully for detecting spiny aster infestations on rangelands.     

MapGIS数字化制图的经验和技巧

通过一些实例，指出数字化采集工作中常遇到的问题，并详尽介绍一些解决的方法和技巧，以提高成图速度，使图画更加美观。     

Mapping Large Spatial Flow Data with Hierarchical Clustering

It is challenging to map large spatial flow data due to the problem of occlusion and cluttered display, where hundreds of thousands of flows overlap and intersect each other. Existing flow mapping approaches often aggregate flows using predetermined high‐level geographic units (e.g. states) or bundling partial flow lines that are close in space, both of which cause a significant loss or distortion of information and may miss major patterns. In this research, we developed a flow clustering method that extracts clusters of similar flows to avoid the cluttering problem, reveal abstracted flow patterns, and meanwhile preserves data resolution as much as possible. Specifically, our method extends the traditional hierarchical clustering method to aggregate and map large flow data. The new method considers both origins and destinations in determining the similarity of two flows, which ensures that a flow cluster represents flows from similar origins to similar destinations and thus minimizes information loss during aggregation. With the spatial index and search algorithm, the new method is scalable to large flow data sets. As a hierarchical method, it generalizes flows to different hierarchical levels and has the potential to support multi‐resolution flow mapping. Different distance definitions can be incorporated to adapt to uneven spatial distribution of flows and detect flow clusters of different densities. To assess the quality and fidelity of flow clusters and flow maps, we carry out a case study to analyze a data set of 243,850 taxi trips within an urban area.     

Mapping Apeldoorn

Abstract

Navigation around urban areas is often constraining for the mobility-impaired due to the fabric of the urban landscape, and there is a need to provide maps tailored to individual abilities. Barriers to effective navigation, such as slope, surface type and dropped kerbs, differ for able-bodied pedestrians and wheelchair users. This study identifies and quantifies such differences, and develops a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) network model for the creation of accessibility maps for wheelchair users. The measurement of barriers uses Digital Elevation Models, calculation of rolling resistance, and surveys in the field using hand-held GIS. A spatial database has been constructed which contains the pedestrian route network and barriers to navigation. A GIS application runs the model, providing a user-friendly interface to define and calculate routes through the pedestrian route network that take account of impedances to accessibility. The model, application and interface has been tested with wheelchair users and the route selection provides a good correspondence with patterns of route finding already established through experience. The interface and individually tailored maps generated, provide a tool suitable to assist wheelchair users new to an area; to enable better navigation for existing users, and a means for planners to consider the way in which access is restricted for wheelchair users in their designs for more inclusive urban environments.     

Mapping Everest

Abstract

From its inception in the middle of the 19th century, the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) took a keen interest in the exploration and mapping of the Everest region. This formed an integral part of the many Everest expeditions, some of which had individual surveyors or survey parties attached to them. Many mountaineers took part in this work, particularly those with a scientific background. But it was not until 1961 that a comprehensive map was produced of the Everest region.