双坡面临空岩质边坡滑动破坏模式下的稳定性分析

多数岩质边坡稳定性分析已基本解决了常走向单坡面临空的边坡平面滑动问题。然而,在路堑边坡工程和自然边坡中有很多边坡坡面并不是平面,它包含多个坡面。多坡面边坡包含两个或多个不同走向的坡面。多坡面边坡几何特征不同于单坡面边坡,所以滑动条件也不一样。在赤平投影图上,多坡面的滑动包络线是组成边坡的每个坡面单独投影包络线的组合。为了探讨方便,只讨论了双坡面临空岩质边坡的滑动破坏模式,并将其分为双坡面临空下的平面破坏和楔形体破坏。在赤平投影图上,双坡面滑动区域定义为双坡面边坡滑动包络图中两侧坡面的真倾线之间的面积。如果有一两个节理面真倾向线落在滑动区内,滑动破坏才可能发生。     

地震作用下顺层岩质边坡稳定性的拟静力分析

通过对顺层岩质边坡的受力分析,应用极限平衡理论和Mohr-Column准则,按照Bishop关于边坡稳定性安全系数的定义,推导出在爆破震动载荷作用下,用于判别顺层岩质边坡稳定性的计算方法。研究结果表明垂直向下、水平指向坡外的爆破荷载以及两者的联合爆破荷载对边坡稳定性影响最大,尤其是后两者;水平指向坡外、垂直向下爆破荷载拟静力系数分别与边坡稳定性安全系数间呈负指数关系和S曲线关系;从动荷载拟静力系数0起,爆破震动水平指向坡外、垂直向下动荷载拟静力系数每增加0.05,有层裂长度的顺层边坡安全系数分别减少7.79%-10.67%、1.28%-1.98%,无层裂的顺层边坡安全系数分别减少7.61%-10.55%、1.47%-2.29%。同时,爆破震动产生的层裂长度、边坡长度以及联合爆破荷载的方向对顺层边坡稳定性也有影响。     

高切坡潜在破裂面预测与超前支护桩加固研究

高切坡潜在破裂面预测与稳定性判识是高切坡灾害防治的基础.采用极限分析上限定理,结合弧形条分法思想,构建了高切坡潜在破裂面预测与稳定性超前判识方法.针对危险性高切坡,提出超前支护桩加固方法,研究了超前支护桩抗力与加固高切坡整体稳定系数、潜在破裂面之间的对应关系.结合工程算例分析,揭示了高切坡坡体抗剪强度、边坡高度、坡角以及开挖高度对高切坡潜在破裂面的定量影响,为工程建设过程中高切坡灾害防护提供了一条可行的途径.     

阶梯型均质边坡的开挖效应

关于开挖对阶梯型边坡稳定性及其潜在滑动面位置的影响,目前还缺乏系统研究。以二阶阶梯型均质挖方边坡为研究对象,利用基于有限元应力状态的边坡稳定性分析方法,分别对不考虑开挖效应和考虑开挖效应两种条件下阶梯型边坡的稳定性及其潜在滑动面特征进行了对比,同时对开挖强扰动区的分布特征进行分析。研究结果表明:1.与不考虑开挖效应时计算的边坡安全系数相比,考虑开挖效应后计算得到的边坡安全系数偏小;2.开挖对阶梯型边坡的整体安全系数及其潜在滑动面位置的影响较小;3.在阶梯型均质挖方边坡的设计中,其平台宽度宜大于其上下级坡高平均值的0.5倍,上下级边坡的坡高比宜控制在1~2范围,且下级边坡的坡率小于上级边坡坡率时更有利于边坡的整体稳定。     

山地地理

P642．2 2007021173大变形有限元法分析边坡稳定性=Using large deformation FEM on the analysis of slope stability/杨涛,周德培…//山地学报．—2006,24(1)．—101～104边坡稳定性分析的重要任务是确定边坡潜在滑面的位置及相应的安全系数,鉴于坡体位移可在现场监测中直接得到,提出边坡潜在滑面确定的位移判据,采用大变形有限     

边坡立体绿化工程的稳定性

山地城市有许多大面积锚杆喷浆硬化封闭的边坡与城市景观极不协调，为改变这些生硬，单调的自然坡体现状，政府要求对其进行立体绿化。本文以修建黄花园大桥石板坡立交工程形成的石板坡为例，通过多种方法研究了绿化荷载作用对边坡稳定性的影响，结论表明绿化荷载对边坡的稳定性影响较小，只要施工顺序得当可以保证安全。     

浅谈边坡稳定性问题及其主要治理措施

我国经济发展十分迅速,对建筑工程发展有促进作用。在建筑工程施工过程中,如果没有及时对潜在的边坡地质灾害进行防治,很可能会在工程建设过程中或完工后产生崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害。边坡稳定性问题最主要的原因就是边坡抗滑能力减弱,一旦边坡处于高荷载或暴雨等情况下,就很容易出现变形及下滑现象。因此,在边坡滑坡预防及治理过程中,应根据边坡特征、地质条件及周边环境等,合理选用抗滑桩、预应力锚索（锚杆）、格构梁、土骨架、主动防护网、挡土墙等治理措施。本文简单分析影响边坡稳定性的主要因素,并提出合理的边坡治理原则要求与具体措施。     

大变形有限元法分析边坡稳定性

边坡稳定性分析的重要任务是确定边坡潜在滑面的位置及相应的安全系数,鉴于坡体位移可在现场监测中直接得到,提出边坡潜在滑面确定的位移判据,采用大变形有限元首先计算出边坡的位移场,然后在开挖面的不同高度作塑性区内的水平位移参考线,依次连接参考线上的位移突变点即得到边坡失稳的潜在滑面位置,分析滑面上的应力以及岩体抗剪强度即得到边坡的整体安全系数。     

高切坡超前支护桩与坡体共同作用分析

针对高切坡施工常常导致边坡失稳破坏,诱发滑坡发生的现象,提出采用超前支护桩整治不稳定高切坡的设计理论。采用解藕方法研究了超前支护桩与开挖坡体之间的相互作用机制,其中高切坡开挖面采用弹性理论分析；超前支护桩采用可以考虑桩侧向土体屈服的弹塑性理论进行桩的内力理论解,根据两者之间荷载变形关系建立联系求解,为高切坡超前支护桩的设计提供依据。结果表明：桩土相互作用力大于常规主动土压力,与边坡开挖量、开挖高度、支护桩的刚度以及土体性质等因素密切相关。     

矸石山边坡稳定特征的FLAC3D数值模拟分析

根据矸石山主要特征,采用Mohr-Coulomb非线性塑性本构关系建立了矸石山数值模型,利用FLAC3D软件,通过数值模拟方法,分析了矸石山边坡塑性区域特征,模拟了矸石山边坡的安全系数随坡度变化的规律.数值模拟结果表明:矸石山边坡坡面浅表会产生塑性变形区,并会发生局部坡面滑坍.数值模拟结果与矸石山实例滑坍情况相近.本文数值模拟分析结果对矸石山治理工程有一定指导意义.     

斜坡破坏过程的断裂力学分析

本文运用断裂力学的原理和方法,分析了斜坡破坏过程中后缘开裂、滑动面的形成和结构面连通的机理,以及破坏中所遵循的轨迹。通过模拟实验、数值分析和应用,证明断裂力学方法是一种分析斜坡破坏机理的有效方法。     

溜砂坡动力学特性实验及防治

溜砂坡是川藏公路中段较为严重的一种山地灾害。本文在自组织临界性理论的概念框架下，通过干燥沙石散粒体临界态单面坡沙堆实验，对溜砂坡的坍滑动力学特性进行了探索。实验发现，颗粒均匀的沙坡出现正态分布的、准周期的大规模“雪崩”，而颗粒非均匀的沙坡的坍滑重量表现为难以界分的、多样化的负幂率分布，大规模坍滑的绝对规模较小，呈现自组织临界行为。基于自组织临界性系统具有的普适性，提出了溜砂坡“频率一规模”关系等灾害演化的初步规律。溜砂坡坡顶来沙和坡脚制约作用削弱，是造成坍滑发展的主要原因。针对坍滑的“牵引式”形式和实际工程条件，设计了一种能稳定溜砂坡坡脚、对基础条件要求低的新型支挡防护结构。     

金龙山斜坡中多变形带的稳定性模糊综合评判

斜坡中发育的多种裂面在滑坡形成过程中将组合成多条变形带，随着变形的发展，变形逐渐向最大剪应力处集中，最终形成滑面。斜坡中多变形带稳定性模糊综合评判是采用数理统计的方法，将滑坡发育过程中影响变形带的因素作为不同的评判因子，对其进行模糊综合评判分析，然后确定最不稳定的变形带。文中最后以金龙山滑坡变形带的稳定性分析为例，证明该方法的正确性。     

高位滑坡的运动转化形式

高位滑坡剪出口高于坡脚,它一旦滑离滑坡发生区,运动可能转化成四种形式:1.崩塌:由滑体经分级解体滑过剪出口处依次向前倾倒而成;2.碎屑流动或3.碎屑滑动:由滑动块体经碎屑化而成;4.泥石流:在适当的细粒物质量和水体条件下生成的碎屑流动。     

An investigation of periglacial slope stability in relation to soil properties based on physical modelling in the geotechnical centrifuge

Results are presented from eight scaled centrifuge modelling experiments designed to investigate mass movement processes on thawing ice-rich slopes. Four pairs of simple planar slope models were constructed, one in each pair being of sufficient gradient to promote slope failure during soil thaw and the second having a gradient below the threshold for instability. Four frost susceptible soils were used, three were normally consolidated and had different clay contents (2%, 12% and 20%) and the fourth comprised the 20% clay soil, but was over consolidated prior to model testing. Modelling protocols included freezing from the surface downwards under an open hydraulic system, and thawing from the surface downwards under an enhanced gravitational field within the geotechnical centrifuge, thereby utilising scaling laws to simulate correct prototype self weight stresses during thaw. Slopes below the stability threshold gradient were subjected to between 2 and 4 cycles of freezing and thawing, simulating annual cycles. Those above the stability threshold were subjected to only one cycle, since they failed during the first thaw phase. Thermal conditions, pore water pressures, surface movements, and profiles of displacement are reported. Measured pore pressures are used in slope stability analyses based on a simple planar infinite slope model. Profiles of solifluction shear strain and mechanisms of slope failure are both shown to be sensitive to small changes in soil properties, particularly clay content and stress history. In all cases, pore pressures rose rapidly immediately following thaw, remained below the threshold for failure in low gradient models, but exceeding the threshold to trigger landslides on steeper slopes. Upward seepage of melt water away from the thaw front contributed to loss of shear strength. Mechanisms of slope failure differed between test soils, ranging from mudflow in non-cohesive silt to active layer detachment sliding in over consolidated silt–clay. During solifluction, shear strain was greatest at the surface in non-cohesive silt and decreased rapidly with depth, but in test soils containing clay, the zone of maximum shear strain was located lower in the displacement profiles.     

Desert pavement development and landscape stability on the Eastern Libyan Plateau, Egypt

Desert pavement surfaces of the eastern Libyan Plateau in central Egypt represent a stable landscape preserving Middle and Upper Paleolithic artifacts. Detailed measurements of pavement clasts indicate significant variability in clast size, density, lithology and orientation between pavements, but no spatial relationship among any of these pavement variables over the study area. Pavement characteristics are unrelated to local geomorphic features including slope gradient and aspect, suggesting a desert pavement surface that has developed without significant influence from transporting mechanisms such as overland flow and slope failure. Meridional vertical cracks in surface clasts implicate thermal stresses due to diurnal solar variation as a mechanical weathering process, whereas the presence of a clast-free silty layer within all soil profiles indicates that these are accretionary pavement surfaces that have grown upward over time. The desert pavement in this region has likely developed in situ through mechanical breakdown of surface clasts and desert pedogenesis, indicating long-term stability for this region and minimal taphonomic effects on artifacts > 2 cm in diameter deposited on this surface over the last ca. 100 ka.     

爆破地震效应对坡体稳定性的影响

天然边坡在开挖过程中,由于爆破动力作用破坏了原岩的完整性,造成边坡岩体发生局部或整体层裂而形成边坡岩体松动带,使岩体的自稳能力降低(边坡抗滑力减小),甚至可能导致路堑滑坡或坍塌.而目前在边坡设计中没有考虑由于开挖爆破地震效应对边坡稳定性的影响,从而造成个别边坡在开挖过程中或施工完成后产生滑动.通过现场爆破地震效应试验,根据应力波在岩体中的传播规律和运动规律,得出岩体内质点振动加速度和不同部位岩体平均加速度对边坡稳定性的影响效果,给出了水平和垂直方向振动加速度作用下边坡安全系数的计算公式,并通过了实例验证,从而为边坡稳定性设计提供了有力依据.     

黑河金盆水库工程大坝右岸滑坡工程地质研究

为判断黑河金盆水库工程大坝右岸斜坡的性质(是变形体或滑坡),并有利于指导工程施工,在进行了详实的野外地质调查之后,作者分析认为该斜坡实际上为一古滑坡。在地表及平硐调查中所见滑坡周界清晰,变形破坏现象明显,为查明滑坡性质提供了客观证据。近两个月的位移监测资料亦进一步证实了上述结论的正确性。在此基础上,考虑到工程的重要性及施工时间的紧迫性,作者建议对底滑面以上的滑坡堆积体予以全部开挖清除。     

Effect of the development of notches and tension cracks on instability of limestone coastal cliffs in the Ryukyus, Japan

Notches cut by waves are currently developing at the base of vertical coastal limestone cliffs in Okinawa, Japan. The cliff height varies from 3.0–22.1 m, and the maximum notch depth is 8.8 m. Many rectangular or cubic blocks, which appear to have originated from cliff failures, are found on platforms in front of the cliffs. On the flat top surface of the cliff, tension cracks often run parallel to the cliff face. The vertical face of the cliffs displays small undulations but no sliding striation, suggesting that cliff failures have been caused by toppling rather than by shearing or sliding. We use slope stability analysis to determine the critical condition for toppling failure. Physical and mechanical properties of the cliff material were first obtained from laboratory tests. The results indicate that the strength of limestone shows a scale effect, such that the strength decreases with increasing size of the test specimens. Based on this result, we estimated the strength of a rock mass corresponding to the size of the coastal cliff. Cliff stability was then analyzed using a cantilever beam model. Comparison of the stability analysis and the dimension of fallen blocks indicates that toppling failure is strongly associated with the development of notches and tension cracks.