贡嘎山营养元素和重金属的生物地球化学研究现状与展望

本文对贡嘎山地区营养元素和重金属的生物地球化学循环的研究现状进行了总结,在此基础上探讨了未来须关注的热点和方向。目前围绕贡嘎山生态系统的碳(C)、氮(N)生物地球化学循环研究主要开展了C和N的分布特征、储量、凋落物中元素的归还与释放等方面的工作;磷(P)的生物地球化学研究包括不同海拔梯度和土壤演替阶段土壤P的形态、生物有效性、迁移转化及其影响因素、成土作用和微生物作用对土壤P的生物有效性的影响等;重金属的生物地球化学研究主要围绕重金属的赋存特征、来源、影响因素和潜在生态风险等方面。未来需要将大气-水-土壤-植物-微生物系统作为一个整体,系统研究养分元素的生物地球化学循环过程和机制以及重金属的迁移转化和关键控制因素,加强各元素生物地球化学循环耦合关系研究,建立多种元素循环的耦合模型,为山地生态安全和生态修复提供理论基础。     

模拟湿地生境升温条件下湿地底泥——水体磷元素循环特征

气候变暖对全球生态系统产生了广泛的影响,这其中包括与水质安全和水质演变密切有关的湿地磷元素生物地球化学循环.以长三角南区6块磷库与碳库具有显著差异的湿地为研究对象,通过基于微宇宙原理的湿地生境研究平台模拟升温环境,以现实环境温度为对照组,以(5±1)℃的温度为升温组,探讨升温条件下的湿地磷元素生物地球化学循环特征.结果...     

近20年广西北部湾滨海湿地时空格局变化研究

基于面向对象的信息提取方法,利用1990、2000和2010年Landsat TM遥感影像数据,提取北部湾滨海湿地信息,并对其空间分布及其变化进行研究。结果表明:基于面向对象法提取出的研究区3个时期滨海湿地分类总精度分别为91.02%、89.06%和89.84%,kappa系数均达到0.80以上;3个时期自然湿地在湿地类型构成中占绝对优势,其面积占湿地总面积的比例分别为66.96%、65.65%和64.90%;1990-2010年,研究区滨海湿地面积呈平稳增长态势,其面积由3 138.08km2增加到3 165.77 km2;湿地类型中养殖水面增幅最明显,其面积比重由1990年的3.19%增加到2010年的6.15%。1990-2010年,研究区滨海湿地变化明显,湿地之间、湿地与非湿地之间的相互转化频繁,受人为活动影响干扰突出。     

2000-2009年黄土高原地区植被覆盖度时空变化

以MODIS NDVI为数据源,应用像元二分模型对黄土高原地区近2000 2009年植被覆盖度时空变化进行分析,并从气候变化和人类活动两个方面对植被覆盖度变化的原因进行探讨.结果表明:2000-2009年黄土高原地区植被覆盖度整体呈增加趋势,年增速为0.6％(p＜0.01);在空间上,黄土高原地区植被覆盖度整体呈现由西北向东南逐渐增加的趋势,这与黄土高原地区的水热条件分布基本一致;植被覆盖度明显改善地区的面积为6 717.35km2,主要分布在陕西延安的北部以及榆林的东北部;一般改善地区面积为180 176.90 km2;一般恶化地区面积为27 236.37 km2;明显恶化地区面积为852.62 km2,主要分布在内蒙古河套平原、银川、西安以及太原等地区;气温、降水的增加以及“三北”防护林和陕北地区退耕还林(草)等工程的实施是该地区植被覆盖度增加的主要原因.     

甘肃省玛曲县沼泽湿地遥感监测与动态变化分析

利用2000年和2006年TM影像数据、地面调查资料和气象台站观测数据,对玛曲县沼泽湿地进行了目视解译分析,对比研究了非监督分类、监督分类和专家分类的精度,初步探讨了玛曲沼泽湿地退化的原因。结果表明,该县沼泽湿地面积从2000年的19598．67hm^2减少到2006年的14080．80hm^2,沼泽湿地面积平均年递减率为4．69％。非监督分类结果由于受山体阴影、坡向、云的阴影等影响,多分误差高,总分类精度仅为31％;监督分类的总精度为54．1％;专家分类的总精度高达84．2％。因此,专家分类可以用于对玛曲县沼泽湿地的监测和自动提取。草场不合理利用和过度放牧是导致玛曲县沼泽湿地退化的主要原因,黄河干流、各支流径流量减少是导致流域内沼泽湿地退化的直接原因,当地气候变暖促进了这一过程的发生。     

20世纪90年代上海市人口分布变动及模拟

利用上海市1990年第四次、2000年第五次人口普查资料,运用4种不同的方法划分上海市区,分析了上海市1990~2000年的人口分布变动,模拟了1990年和2000年的人口分布模型。结果表明：从1990年到2000年的10年中,上海中心城人口大量减少,郊区人口增加,人口郊区化显著,上海人口分布变动趋于均衡;上海人口的郊迁扩散方式,主要与同心圆式的环形道路与放射形道路作为基本骨架的城市建设格局有密切关系,尤其是受早已建成的内环线的影响;上海人口郊区化主要表现为近域推进, 1990~2000年的圈层人口密度变动曲线的相交点大约在5 km处,圈层人口密度变化主要在16 km之内;对人口分布模型的模拟则表明,上海人口分布虽然符合负指数函数模型,但不是最优模型,上海人口密度分布的最优模型是Cubic函数。     

近35 a来中国北方土地沙漠化趋势的遥感分析

 以近35 a来中国北方的5期 Landsat MSS、TM/ETM遥感数据为主要信息源,通过目视解译方法提取不同时期沙漠化土地现状数据,并进行了沙漠化发展趋势的分析。 2010年中国北方沙漠化土地达 37.59万km2,其中轻度沙漠化土地占33.80%,中度沙漠化土地占22.84%,重度沙漠化土地占22.16%,严重沙漠化土地面积占21.21%。 1975—1990年期间,沙漠化土地净增面积33 838.32 km2,增加速率为2 255.89 km2·a-1; 沙漠化程度加重面积41 662.48 km2,减轻8 383.20 km2,净加重面积33 279.28 km2。综合两者变化,沙漠化净发展速率为4 474.51 km2·a-1。1990—2000年,沙漠化土地面积净增速率为3 441.49 km2·a-1,净发展速率为5 370.06 km2·a-1。2000—2005年,沙漠化土地面积净减少速率为1 635.28 km2·a-1,净逆转速率为1 0071.02 km2·a-1。2005—2010年,净减少1 114.35 km2·a-1,净逆转7 552.21 km2·a-1。空间上沙漠化发展和逆转发生的区域主要在半干旱地区的农牧交错带。     

近20a雅鲁藏布江流域冻融侵蚀演变趋势

西藏冻融侵蚀面积约占中国的冻融侵蚀面积的73%。采用1990年、2000年和2010年3期TM影像、土地利用图和植被类型图相叠加,对雅鲁藏布江(简称雅江)流域近20 a的冻融侵蚀进行目视解译,并且统计冻融侵蚀强度和侵蚀面积。结合气温、降水和植被覆盖度的变化,探讨引起冻融侵蚀面积和强度变化的原因。研究结果表明:1.近20 a雅江流域冻融侵蚀总面积略有下降,下降比例约为3.5%;轻度侵蚀区持续增加,面积由1990年的21213.6 km2增加到2010年的31 526.2 km2,增加幅度为56%;中度侵蚀区持续减少,面积由1990年的55 964.26km2减少到2010年的42 718.12 km2,减少幅度为23.6%;重度侵蚀区面积变化不显著。至2010年雅江流域的侵蚀格局发生改变,由原先的中度侵蚀主体型逐步向轻度侵蚀、中度侵蚀混合型过渡。2.雅江流域冻融侵蚀主要分布在北部高海拔地区,南部湖盆谷地分布较少,流域内冻融侵蚀主要集中在海拔4 500~6 000 m范围内。近20 a间流域内重度侵蚀区逐渐向东移动,由日喀则北部地区渐移至拉萨、那曲、昌都一线。侵蚀强度整体呈现减弱趋势,在日喀则地区,林芝地区和山南地区均出现轻度侵蚀逐渐替代中度侵蚀的现象。     

南四湖湿地景观格局变化及原因分析

根据南四湖1987年、1991年、1999年和2007年的TM/ETM遥感影像解译分析结果,结合对自然环境及人类活动特征的分析,研究了南四湖湿地的景观格局变化过程与主要影响因素.结果表明,1987年以来南四湖自然湿地面积锐减,其中挺水植物区面积减小了近538 km2,而台田-坑塘、人工养殖区等人工湿地以及农业用地面积分别增加了171 km2、327 km2、86 km2.1991年之前,南四湖湿地类型变化主要受湖泊水位等自然环境因素的影响,其中,1988～1990年南四湖几近干涸,使得挺水植物区的分布向湖心区迁移,而近岸地区挺水植物区面积大大减小;这一时期南四湖水位的降低加剧了近岸湖区的围垦,农业用地面积增加.1991年以来,南四湖湿地类型变化主要受人类活动的影响,由于大规模的围垦圈圩,台田-坑塘、人工养殖区的面积大幅增加.     

太湖滨岸带芦苇区沉积物磷的特征

为了进一步揭示大型水生植物对湖泊滨岸带沉积物磷的生物地球化学影响,探讨芦苇(Phragmites austra-lis)群落对沉积物磷的生态效应,于2003年9月18日、10月17日和12月3日,用柱状采样器分别在太湖梅梁湾滨岸带芦苇区和无草对照区采样。用HClO4-H2SO4消化法和H2SO4-H2O2消煮法测定芦苇区和对照区沉积物及芦苇根、茎组织中的总磷含量。结果表明,在芦苇生长旺盛期(9月),芦苇区和对照区沉积物的总磷含量最高,在芦苇生长的衰弱期(10月),其总磷含量次之,在芦苇生长的枯萎期(12月),其总磷含量最低;对照区沉积物距地表0～2cm的表层是磷的富集峰值层,而芦苇生长区距地表4～7cm的沉积物层为磷的富集峰值层;芦苇须根对磷的富集效应大于其根状茎,而芦苇根状茎对磷的富集效应又大于其茎,但它们的总磷含量都小于距根0～2cm范围芦苇根际沉积物的总磷含量。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.