贵州喀斯特石山植被的自然恢复———以公路裸岩陡边坡为例

选取贵州喀斯特山区公路建设同一山体不同时段开挖的裸岩陡边坡上的植被自然恢复情况调查;选取贵州喀斯特山区不同地质背景,同一时段开挖的裸岩陡边坡上的植被自然恢复情况调查,对喀斯特地区基础建设形成的裸岩陡边坡植被自然恢复及其速率进行讨论.为石漠化地区工程建设开挖的裸岩陡边坡生态恢复治理提供思路,并对喀斯特石漠化治理具借鉴意义.     

贵州石漠化防治与山区非耕地资源开发

一、贵州石漠化发展特点 贵州石漠化是在亚热带湿热气候条件下和脆弱的喀斯特（岩溶）地貌基础上,由于人为不合理的经济活动,造成植被破坏,水土严重流失,大面积溶岩基岩裸露或砾石堆积的一种荒漠化生态现象。贵州省石漠化具有分布范围广,发展速度快的特点。     

关于西南岩溶区石漠化土地恢复重建目标的讨论

根据恢复生态学相关研究进展和西南岩溶区石漠化土地综合治理现状,探讨了石漠化土地生态恢复重建的不同空间尺度目标、阶段性目标、植被生态建设目标、社区文化建设目标和效益目标。指出防治岩溶石漠化的实质绝不仅仅是岩溶山区的水土保持问题和恢复植被,只有实现环境恢复、经济发展和社会进步三者的协调发展,生态建设与富民增收并举,石漠化等环境问题才能得到真正的全面解决。因此,近期石漠化综合治理模式目标必须结合市场重新认识资源环境优势,由扶贫型向提高生活质量型转变,由单一坡改梯向多途径特色农业转变,由防护型向开发型转变,由政府主导向参与式转变,从而打破岩溶脆弱生态背景上土地退化的恶性循环。     

山地研究

山地地理S158.12006043233亚热带喀斯特石漠化土地退化特征研究=CharacteristicsofkarstrockydesertificationlandinthesubtropicalzoneinChi-na/李阳兵,姜丽…∥长江流域资源与环境.—2006,15(3).—395~398对石漠化土地的特征进行全面深入探讨,喀斯特石漠化是一种严重的土地退化,石漠化土地退化过程中存在社会经济反馈、动力反馈和生物原反馈等多层次反馈结构.由于喀斯特生态系统的独特性和脆弱性,喀斯特石漠化土地具有不同于其他生态脆弱区土地退化特征,因而将其归纳为土地退化恢复过程的基岩差异性、恢复过程中与土地利用方式的相关性…     

毕节喀斯特峰丛区石漠化土地利用配置

以毕节老街村喀斯特石漠化土地利用为例,采用实地调查的方法获取研究数据,分析了研究区喀斯特石漠化土地利用效益,结果表明：土地利用经济效益,随石漠化程度加重而衰减。在此基础上,遵循石漠化治理的一般原则,采用土地景观生态的基本原理,以土地类型单元为配置对象,提出坡地保土耕作、桑草养殖、桑药种植、耕作便道树篱、封山育林多种模式集成的土地空间配置方案,优化土地利用结构。土地优化下的经济效益,优于现状种植模式,且利于植被恢复和水土保持;有效探索喀斯特山区石漠化治理和生态建设的实践途径。     

中国西南岩溶生态系统特征与石漠化综合治理对策

以贵州省为核心的中国西南岩溶区面临双重危机：生态恶劣,石漠化严重;人口贫困,全国1/3强的贫困县分布在该地区。石漠化综合治理需要从岩溶生态系统结构和运行规律出发,重点关注岩溶地下水的开发和可持续利用,水土保持和土壤改良,植被恢复和可适应性的经济植物选择,力求区域生态经济双赢、农民脱贫致富。     

中国西南岩溶生态系统特征与石漠化综合治理对策（英文）

以贵州省为核心的中国西南岩溶区面临双重危机:生态恶劣,石漠化严重;人口贫困,全国1/3强的贫困县分布在该地区。石漠化综合治理需要从岩溶生态系统结构和运行规律出发,重点关注岩溶地下水的开发和可持续利用,水土保持和土壤改良,植被恢复和可适应性的经济植物选择,力求区域生态经济双赢、农民脱贫致富。     

贵州南部山区石漠化及其防治

贵州南部山区的石漠化是在亚热带湿热气候条件下和脆弱的喀斯特（岩溶）地貌基础上,由于人类不合理的经济活动,造成地表植被破坏,水土严重流失,导致大面积溶岩基岩裸露或砾石堆积的一种荒漠化生态现象。     

八宝喀斯特山区生态环境问题与治理措施

喀斯特峰丛山区生态系统特征有：结构简单，稳定性差，恢复困难等。其生态系统脆弱性表现为：（1）裸露型喀斯特山地坡度陡峻，土壤贫脊，耕地少而分散，水土保持能力差；（2）地下水文网发育导致地表水大量漏失，地下水位埋藏深，难以开采利用；（3）植被树种单一，生长缓慢，资源开发过程中易产生耕作粗放，水土流失，石漠化等环境问题，对其治理和恢复过程应是渐进式的：水－土－林，即首先要科学开发利用各种水资源，同时合理规划利用土地资源，其次要加速生态系统重建，使其形成良性循环发展方式。     

桂西北喀斯特人为干扰区植被的演替规律与更新策略

采用全面调查和样方调查方法,以木论自然保护区顶级群落为对照,运用群落生态学原理和方法,研究桂西北喀斯特人为干扰区进入环境保护阶段22 a后植被自然恢复过程中群落的演替规律及物种多样性变化.结果表明,干扰区的物种多样性丧失严重,有维管束植物91科206属241种,仅为自然保护区的26.6%,6种植被类型的顺向演替系列为石漠化稀疏草丛→草丛→草灌丛→灌丛→藤刺灌丛→乔灌丛.除石漠化稀疏草丛植被极少外,随着干扰区群落的自然恢复,群落的高度(0.49～15.56 m)上升而密度(468.50～0.31株/m2)下降,总盖度呈高(0.85)→低(0.50)→最高(0.90)→次高(0.80)的变化;群落生物量(7.74～131.42t/hm2)逐渐积累增大,随高度的升高和草本生物量占总生物量百分比的减少而增加;物种数(14～46)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(0.89～4.13)升高,生态优势度在演替的前期(0.28)和后期(0.23)较高,中间较低且保持相对稳定(0.10～0.16),均匀度的变化规律正好相反.和顶级群落相比,干扰区最大的群落高度、生物量和多样性指数分别下降了10.82 m、42.02t/hm2和0.29.针对干扰区植被恢复缓慢的现状,分析了喀斯特干扰区形成机理及其对植被的影响,提出了干扰区不同立地类型上人工与自然相结合的3条植被恢复途径,对大面积处于极度退化下的桂西北喀斯特人为干扰区植被的恢复建设和生态重建具有重要的理论价值和实际指导意义.     

Variations in Ageing in Home and Ageing in Neighbourhood

This paper takes a new approach to investigating people who age in place. It provides an explanation for why people age in a place that can be useful in government and corporate planning. Our research investigates the principal factors that drive the decision of a rising number of older Australians to age in place. Many older people wish to age in place rather than move in with their children or be institutionalised. They wish to continue to be active in their local communities and maintain their existing social ties. The concept of ageing in place covers two distinct groups: those who are able to stay in their current dwellings and age in home and those who move house but remain in their local community and age in neighbourhood. Age-friendly home modification is a response to ageing in home, whereas the provision of institutional healthcare and the provision of age-suitable housing to facilitate downsizing are associated with ageing in neighbourhood. Using Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey data, this research examines the mobility decisions of older Australians and identifies the major determinants of a decision to age in place. This research argues for a better understanding of ageing in place, differentiating between those ageing in home and those ageing in neighbourhood.     

Changes in regional employment in Denmark in the seventies

Nielsen, Bue and Sørensen, Peder Michael: Changes in regional employment in Denmark in the seventies. Geografisk Tidsskrift 84, 69–73. Copenhagen, January 1984.

The paper deals with regional development in employment in Denmark in the 1970's. It uses shift-share analysis to isolate elements and activities responsible for the regional dispersion experienced. In that context the paper discusses the interrelationship between manufacturing industries and public services.     

福建九龙江口红树林造林遇到的问题

中国的红树林在过去50年里面积锐减了近70%,恢复和发展红树林迫在眉睫,红树林人工造林是必由之路。福建九龙江口湿地资源丰富,然而在红树林造林上却遇到了一些问题,这些问题阻碍了九龙江口红树林的恢复和发展,应该引起相关部门的关注。     

分形理论在中国地理学应用的研究

1IntroductionMany natural phenomena such as zigzag coastline, various landforms, turbulent rivers, etc. cannot be described with traditional Euclid geometry, but they are of self-similarities. Fractal geometry takes the complex phenomena as its research objects and has been developed into a specific theory. So it has been praised as natural geometry. What is fractal means "irregular, fractional, fragmental" and its core is self-similarity (Wang and Cao, 1995). To characterize fractals differ…     

Life in de facto statelessness in enclaves in India and Bangladesh

Drawing on conceptualization of statelessness and ethnographic research on crucial insights of rightessness, this paper investigates how the politico‐geographic‐legality constructs statelessness in the enclaves in India and Bangladesh. Following the decolonization process in 1947, both India and Pakistan/Bangladesh inherited more than 200 enclaves, which comprise 80 per cent of the world's enclaves. With improved bilateral relations, India and Bangladesh officially exchanged the enclaves on 1 August 2015, and the enclave dwellers will gradually be granted citizenship rights over the next few years. In this period of transition from statelessness to statehood, this paper can be read as contemporary history. This paper will draw attention to three aspects of statelessness. First, conceptualization of statelessness not only applies to the refugeehood or de‐territorialization of people but also relates to the process of constructing transterritorial stateless people. Second, this paper will discuss the condition of statelessness constructed in a politico‐geographic‐legal trap. And finally, the paper calls for a wider empirical and critical focus on the hidden geographies of de facto statelessness.     

Advances in applied studies of fractal theory in geography in China

The fractal theory put forward by American mathematician B B Mandelbrot (1967) supplies an effective approach to solve complex problems. The complex problems in geography have become the main positive study field of fractal theory. Based on the works of China’s geographers and the summarization of contents of fractal theory, the authors comment on the present situation of its applications to almost every branch of geography and discuss the related problems and the prospects of fractal study in geography.     

我国生物地理学研究进展

生物地理学研究是生物学和地理学交叉非常明显的部门自然地理学学科,它具有很强的基础研究特点,同时研究成果也具有很大的应用潜力。近年来,我国生物地理学基础研究在国家自然科学基金委等部门的支持下,在山地植被与地理环境、干旱半干旱区植被与地理环境、植物区系、植物物候、土壤动物与土壤生态功能、土壤生物结皮等方面开展了全面而深入的研究。同时拓展了传统生物地理学的研究方向,在植物地理学与全球变化、植物地理学与生物多样性保护、植物地理学与生态系统管理等方面也开展了大量研究。尤为可贵的是干旱半干旱区土壤生物结皮研究、典型温带荒漠区原生荒漠植被对水分改变的响应与适应研究取得了令国内外关注的高水平研究成果。     

我国草地生态系统碳循环研究进展

文中首先分析了草地生态系统在碳循环研究中的地位和重要性,进而对我国草地生态系统碳循环的研究现状作了较为详尽的阐述,包括植物、凋落物、土壤三大碳库以及主要含碳温室气体通量等,对其主要研究结论进行了深入的剖析。同时提出了今后我国草地生态系统碳循环的重点研究方向和研究领域。     

Advances in terrestrial system research in China

Land surface is of spatial-temporal heterogeneity. Terrestrial system (TS) comprehensively studies on land surface and physical regionalization objectively describes geographical zonation of the system. China has a vast area with apparent spatial variations in resources and environmental conditions, which highly influence on socio-economic development. In this paper, progress of the TS studies in China is overviewed and research priorities in the near future are prospected. Since the 1950s, China has paid great attention to the TS study as its socio-economic development, and conducted research on physical geographical regionalization, eco-geographical regionalization and comprehensive regionalization. Along with the deepening of global change research, dynamics of TS have been highly concerned. During the studies, methodology has been developed from qualitative research of integration of experts’ brainpower gradually to quantitative research based on field observation and experiments of the natural processes, including physical, chemical and biological processes, as well as application of information technology and mathematical simulation. In the near future, TS would combine with the ideology, objectives and key researches of Future Earth program, to focus on the mechanism and regional effects of interaction among land surface elements, the response of TS to global change, the quantitative recognition on regional unit boundary, and the application to TS in sustainable socio-economic development.