Intra-waterbody processes in large reservoirs of southern Russia (pollution,eutrophication, toxification)

Long-term data from Rosgidromet and research results were used in comparing the chemistry condition of the southern reservoirs (Tsimlyansk, Proletarsk and Veselyi) to reveal that the ecologo-toxicological indices and characteristics of such intra-waterbody processes as pollution, eutrophication and toxification differ substantially. In the first place, the differences apply for the hydrochemical regime and mineralization as well as for individual biological indices. Common to the reservoirs are a stable (chronic) character of chemical contamination (in spite of its relatively low level), and a long-lasting presence of stable organochlorine pesticides in the composition of contamination, and a decline in biodiversity. The Tsimlyansk and Veselyi reservoirs show a similar seasonal dynamics of the phytoplankton, and a predominance of blue-green algae in the phytoplankton community. An unfavorable factor for the ecosystem of the Tsimlyansk reservoir is represented by annually recurring water bloom, with a large-scale occurrence of toxic species of algae, and by an increase in toxicity of natural water (toxification).     

Tameike灌溉池塘农业文化遗产:以大分县国东半岛为例（英文）

本文以于2013年5月被认定为全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)试点的国东半岛为例,探讨了日本tameike灌溉池塘成为农业文化遗产的潜力。"tameike"是这个地区主要用来储存泉水或者短小急流的一种小型池塘。国东的tameike建造与当地的水稻种植和林业发展关系密切。许多现存的灌溉池塘均建于江户时期(1603–1867),直到战后这些池塘都是通过传统农业技术进行管理。然而,随着经济发展,这些灌溉池塘的用途和生态系统功能迅速减少。目前,灌溉池塘的总数只有明治维新前的近三分之一。GIAHS项目试图重新评估这些灌溉池塘的生态系统功能和相关知识体系以振兴当地农业。本文基于文献调查和实地研究,提出合理管理灌溉池塘可以成功使这种资源循环利用的文化恢复生机,而这正是国东地区作为农业文化遗产的意义。     

3D Structural,Facies and Petrophysical Modeling of C Member of Six Hills Formation,Komombo Basin,Upper Egypt

Natural Resources Research - Two main reservoirs are producing in Komombo Basin: the first one belongs to the C Member of the Six Hills Formation, and the second belongs to the Albian/Cenomanian...     

Quantitative Characterization,Classification, and Influencing Factors of the Full Range of Pores in Weathering Crust Volcanic Reservoirs: Case Study in Bohai Bay Basin,China

Natural Resources Research - Weathering crust volcanic oil and gas reservoirs were revealed in the Bohai Bay Basin, and the physical properties changed considerably in different volcanic...     

Delineation of Sandstone Reservoir Flow Zones in the Central Bredasdorp Basin,South Africa,Using Core Samples

Natural Resources Research - This study aims to introduce a conceptual petrophysical flow zonation scheme for Valanginian age gas-bearing reservoirs in the Bredasdorp Basin, offshore of South...     

Fractal Characterization of Nanoscale Pores of Volcanic Reservoirs in the Dongling Area,Changling Fault Depression,Songliao Basin

Natural Resources Research - Fractal theory is an efficient method to characterize quantitatively tight rocks. Volcanic rocks are very promising reservoirs, and their pore structures have...     

Paleolimnological records reveal biotic homogenization driven by eutrophication in tropical reservoirs

Biodiversity changes in response to eutrophication, climate variability and species invasions. These pressures have been shown to reduce community heterogeneity at various scales; however, how productivity drives homogenization patterns in a community of primary producers, such as diatoms, has not been studied. Using a dataset with good temporal resolution, obtained from cores collected from seven tropical reservoirs, we evaluated patterns of spatial and temporal homogenization, i.e. the trends in temporal α-diversity and spatial β-diversity (change in community composition), of diatom assemblages over the past 60–100 years. The paleolimnological records allowed us to study biodiversity trends since the initial community (reservoir construction) in those systems with low anthropogenic impact and also those undergoing eutrophication. No clear trend of spatial β-diversity change over time was found when all reservoirs were analyzed together. However, when only eutrophic reservoirs were considered, a marked decrease in the spatial β-diversity occurred, suggesting that eutrophication leads to homogenization of the diatom assemblage. These findings were reinforced by the lack of change in β-diversity when the age of the reservoirs was standardized, indicating that the reservoirs’ ontogeny did not influence the spatial β-diversity trend and β-diversity did not increase even in the reservoirs with low anthropogenic impact. In addition, the results showed a decrease of α-diversity over time for almost all the eutrophic reservoirs, as well as a decrease in the total species pool for the reservoirs, although periphytic diatoms may be favored by the appearance and sometimes mass development of floating macrophytes in warm, shallow eutrophic reservoirs. This study supports the role of eutrophication as one of the main drivers of diatom assemblage homogenization in tropical reservoirs, with a significant loss of species over time.     

Sediment-related impacts due to upstream reservoir trapping, the Lower Mekong River

A sharp decrease in total suspended solids (TSS) concentration has occurred in the Mekong River after the closure of the Manwan Dam in China in 1993, the first of a planned cascade of eight dams. This paper describes the upstream developments on the Mekong River, concentrating on the effects of hydropower dams and reservoirs. The reservoir-related changes in total suspended solids, suspended sediment concentration (SSC), and hydrology have been analyzed, and the impacts of such possible changes on the Lower Mekong Basin discussed. The theoretical trapping efficiency of the proposed dams has been computed and the amount of sediment to be trapped in the reservoirs estimated. The reservoir trapping of sediments and the changing of natural flow patterns will impact the countries downstream in this international river basin. Both positive and negative possible effects of such impacts have been reviewed, based on the available data from the Mekong and studies on other basins.     

Co-production of Tight Gas and Coalbed Methane from Single Wellbore: a Simulation Study from Northeastern Ordos Basin,China

Natural Resources Research - Focusing on vertical multi-layer superimposition of unconventional natural gas reservoirs in coal-bearing strata, research on the co-production of tight gas and coalbed...     

新时期新疆水库大坝建设的主要问题与对策建议

截止 2018 年，全疆（含兵团）已建、在建及拟建水库 722 座（包括电站水库），总库容 295.0 × 10⁸ m³。有力地改善了水资源调控和利用效率，在灌溉、供水、防洪、发电、旅游等方面发挥了极其 重要的作用。新时期按照水利部“水利工程补短板、水利行业强监管”的工作总基调，针对南北疆 水资源配置不平衡问题、水资源利用不充分问题，谋划提出了兴建数十座大中型山区水库，以及提 升已建水库大坝信息化管理水平、加强水库调度运行管理，在满足生态需水的前提下统筹生活、生 产供水，最大程度发挥水库效益、确保水库安全运行。针对新时期气候变化条件下水库洪水风险 分析、大坝建设需要重点关注的几项关键技术、山区水库替代平原水库、河流健康与生态调度、水库 清淤与能力提升、水库信息化与智能调度以及延长服役期等问题进行了探讨，提出若干对策建议。     

柴达木盆地马海盐湖储卤层渗透特征及卤水富集机制

通过野外抽水试验方法,确定了柴达木盆地马海盐湖储卤层渗透系数,并结合地下卤水赋存特征与沉积环境对其渗透性能进行分析。结果表明：本地区石盐层大多不纯,石盐晶体内包裹有泥、砂,且晶体间也有泥、砂充填。在石盐沉积期间,由于受到洪水与间歇性河流影响,导致地质环境演化过程中沉积形成的储卤层渗透性能在各处相差较大,区域地下卤水的连通性相对较弱。根据试验开采区27口开采井钻孔资料和地下卤水监测数据,进行了储卤层差异性分类,将钻孔所揭露储卤层划分为3种类型,不同类型储卤层卤水富集性能具有较大差异,表现为渗透系数和单井涌水量在平面分布上的较大数值差距。通过对钻孔岩心岩性、孔隙特征及补给条件等方面进行分析,得出卤水富集性能强的基本条件：储卤层具备天然良好的颗粒骨架和稳定的卤水补给来源与通道。依据储卤层渗透性能和卤水富集规律,将马海盐湖试验开采区划分出不同地下卤水富集区段。     

新疆主要湖泊、水库的水质综合特征评价模式及营养状态分析

湖泊、水库水质恶化和富营养化已成为近年来较突出的环境问题。根据实测资料,采用水质综合评价模式对新疆主要湖泊、水库水质现状给出以《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）为依据的水质综合特征模式。该模式给出的信息量大,表达直观,不仅能给出各水质参数的水质类别,确定水域类别依据的参数,还能给出超Ⅴ类水质参数的超标倍数。对湖泊、水库的营养状态做出评价,对于近一步研究湖、库水环境演变有着重要意义。     

福建省典型饮用水源地水库富营养化状况调查与分析

对山仔水库、东张水库、东圳水库、山美水库4个典型的大型饮用水源地水库富营养状况和污染成因进行综合分析与评价．结果表明,4个典型的大型饮用水源地水库均已出现不同程度的富营养化．农田径流和畜禽养殖等面源污染是各水库流域的主要污染源,富营养化已经造成明显的经济损失．在此基础上提出了控制水库富营养化的对策与措施,以期为福建省饮用水源地水库可持续利用提供参考．     

Quantifying the effects of hydrological changes on long-term water quality trends in temperate reservoirs: insights from a multi-scale,paleolimnological study

Declining water quality in reservoirs is of growing concern in many regions, yet there is still little understanding of long-term water quality trends in these systems. Across the landscape, reservoirs have diverse origins, functions, and operational strategies. In temperate environments, winter water-level drawdown is a common operational practice in reservoirs but the long-term impacts of this hydrological modification has not been extensively studied. We paired a comparative, pre-dam-to-contemporary study (i.e. a top–bottom design) of 12 reservoirs with a detailed paleolimnological study of a focal lake to generate quantitative insights into the relative effect of hydrological changes vs. landscape and climatic drivers on water quality. The focal reservoir, Grand Lac Saint-François, is of relatively similar morphometry, geography, and limnology to our other sites, and has experienced annual winter water-level drawdown of?~?5 m since it was dammed approximately 100 years ago. Based on our top–bottom analysis, we did not find strong correlations between long-term changes in water quality (i.e. diatom-inferred TP estimates) and winter water-level drawdown amplitudes. Instead, reservoir morphometry and watershed characteristics (i.e. geography, maximum depth, and cropland areas) appeared to be stronger drivers of trends across the region. From the detailed paleolimnological analysis, we found that sedimentary pigments and DI-TP concentrations significantly increased over the last century based on Mann–Kendall trend analyses. Breakpoint analyses showed that changes in biological-proxy trends, as well as the sedimentology (i.e. lithology and accumulations rates), coincided with dam construction and the onset of water level regulation. However, given the high variability in metrics and the extent of water level monitoring records, we were unable to quantitatively associate the impacts of drawdown with water quality trends at Grand Lac Saint-François. Conversely, we did find that watershed nutrient surpluses from livestock farming, and warming temperatures were significant explanatory variables of water quality metrics.     

Sediment Stratigraphy and Heavy Metal Fluxes to Reservoirs in the Southern Pennine Uplands, UK

Reservoir sediments are rarely used as environmental archives because of the potential for sediment disturbance by fluctuating water levels. However, rapid rates of sedimentation, proximity to urban centres and often the existence of management records, may make them potentially important resources for reconstructing recent, anthropogenically-derived environmental change. This project assesses the potential of reservoir sedimentary records for reconstructing past atmospheric and drainage basin fluxes of heavy metals (manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc and lead) in the southern Pennines, UK. Five reservoirs were selected on the basis of management history and drainage basin characteristics. Multi-parameter analysis showed sediments to be replicable across the ȁ8accumulating zone’ with reasonably consistent rates of sedimentation. Water level fluctuations were not found to detrimentally affect sediment records in the deepwater area of the reservoirs. In fact, spheroidal carbonaceous particle (SCP) profiles show trends in inputs that closely reflect major changes in industrialisation, indicating the reservoir sediments to be excellent records of particulate inputs. Only lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were significantly enriched in the reservoir sediment in comparison to background levels. Manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and to a limited degree, copper (Cu), appeared to be affected by post-deposition mobility. Preliminary calculations of Pb fluxes indicate that over 80% of the current Pb input to the reservoirs is from Pb deposited onto drainage basin soils in the past, rather than from direct atmospheric deposition or natural background inputs. In Howden reservoir, for example, the total Pb flux to deepwater sediment cores in 2000 was 119 mg m⁻² a⁻¹. Of this, an estimated 99 mg m⁻² a⁻¹ was from anthropogenically-derived Pb, initially deposited onto drainage basin soils and subsequently entering the reservoir via erosion and leaching processes. There is, therefore, no indication that the flux of Pb to the aquatic system is declining in response to reductions in Pb deposition. The ecotoxicological effects of the high and continuing Pb flux to these reservoirs, despite recent decreases in atmospheric deposition, is an area requiring further investigation.     

广东山区大中型水库淤积与整治

广东是全国水资源较丰富的省区,但是由于环境污染,全省已普遍出现水质性缺水危机。目前除了东江、西江、北江和韩江等大江河外,沿海地区许多中、小河流和池塘等地表水水质已经恶化,不宜饮用,有的甚至不宜灌溉,有些地方连浅层地下水也不宜饮用。故此,山区水库已成为我省最后的水源"阵地",各地纷纷直接从水库引水饮用。然而,平原地区周围丘陵台地的库、塘水质也已严重恶化。目前全省321宗大、中型水库将成为本省水源的最后防线,而这些水库也存在不同程度泥沙淤积、水质污染和管理体制弊端等问题,必须采取有效措施进行整治和维护,并改革管理体制和加强管理,以保证其可持续利用和社会发展的水源需求。     

改进SWAT模型水库模块及其在水库控制流域径流模拟中的应用

为在径流模拟中充分考虑水库的综合调蓄作用,改善了SWAT（The Soil and Water Assessment Tool）模型的水库算法,在水库模块中增加基于水库供水发电调度规则的水库出流模拟算法,以提高径流模拟精度。选择东江流域作为典型流域,分别应用改进前后的SWAT模型进行径流模拟,并分析模型改进的效果,结果表明：修改后的SWAT模型解决了水库模拟出流量在非汛期过低、汛期过大的问题,能更有效地模拟枯季径流和洪峰流量,明显提高了月径流及日径流的模拟精度,其中,月径流模拟中率定期内R2提高了0.06~0.22,NS提高了0.06~0.52,验证期内R2提高了0.1~0.19,NS提高了0.12~1.22;日径流模拟中率定期内R2提高了0.04~0.16,NS提高了0.04~0.46,验证期内R2提高了0.11~0.15,NS提高了0.15~1.21。     

The stratigraphic record of minibasin subsidence,Precaspian Basin,Kazakhstan

Minibasins are fundamental components of many salt-bearing sedimentary basins, where they may host large volumes of hydrocarbons. Although we understand the basic mechanics governing their subsidence, we know surprisingly little of how minibasins subside in three-dimensions over geological timescales, or what controls such variability. Such knowledge would improve our ability to constrain initial salt volumes in sedimentary basins, the timing of salt welding and the distribution and likely charging histories of suprasalt hydrocarbon reservoirs. We use 3D seismic reflection data from the Precaspian Basin, onshore Kazakhstan to reveal the subsidence histories of 16, Upper Permian-to-Triassic, suprasalt minibasins. These minibasins subsided into a Lower-to-Middle Permian salt layer that contained numerous relatively strong, clastic-dominated minibasins encased during an earlier, latest Permian phase of diapirism; because of this, the salt varied in thickness. Suprasalt minibasins contain a stratigraphic record of symmetric (bowl-shaped units) and then asymmetric (wedge-shaped units) subsidence, with this change in style seemingly occurring at different times in different minibasins, and most likely prior to welding. We complement our observations from natural minibasins in the Precaspian Basin with results arising from new physical sandbox models; this allows us to explore the potential controls on minibasin subsidence patterns, before assessing which of these might be applicable to our natural example. We conclude that due to uncertainties in the original spatial relationships between encased and suprasalt minibasins, and the timing of changes in style of subsidence between individual minibasins, it is unclear why such complex temporal and spatial variations in subsidence occur in the Precaspian Basin. Regardless of what controls the observed variability, we argue that vertical changes in minibasin stratigraphic architecture may not record the initial (depositional) thickness of underlying salt or the timing of salt welding; this latter point is critical when attempting to constrain the timing of potential hydraulic communication between sub-salt source rocks and suprasalt reservoirs. Furthermore, temporal changes in minibasin subsidence style will likely control suprasalt reservoir distribution and trapping style.     

新疆阿勒泰地区2002-2011年地表水资源变化趋势

在RS技术支持下,应用气象数据（主要为气温、降水）、基础地理数据及2002-2011年时间序列的Landsat TM、ETM+、MODIS/Terra+Aqua MCD43A4遥感影像产品,对阿勒泰地区地表水资源时空变化特征进行了分析,探索气象因素影响下阿尔泰山冰川积雪和地表水资源之间的相互作用。结果表明：在研究时段内,阿尔泰山6月2日的冰川积雪面积呈波动增加趋势,8月21日的冰川积雪面积则呈波动减少趋势。从景观格局的特征来看,随着夏季冰雪融水量增加,水资源量总体呈上升趋势,在研究时段内水域总面积增加了57.91 km²,增加面积主要来源于湖泊和水库,2011年的湖泊和水库面积分别为1 044.33 km²和196.27 km²,比2002年分别增加了16.67 km²和101.79 km²;沼泽湿地和坑塘湿地的面积变化呈一定的起伏,2002-2011年间面积分别减少了35.91 km²和24.27 km²,湖泊和水库的破碎度较低,沼泽湿地、河流和坑塘湿地的破碎度高,表明沼泽湿地、河流和坑塘湿地对气象因素变化较敏感。     

基于基塘系统保护的国土空间治理策略——以顺德区为例

以佛山市顺德区作为实证研究案例,采用野外调研、访谈等研究方法,剖析基塘与国土空间的协同发展机制,提出基于多功能基塘的国土空间治理策略。结果表明：顺德国土空间治理面临空间破碎化和空间嵌套分布、灾害与生态风险加剧、岭南水乡文化特色日渐流失等问题;协调基塘与不同地域子系统之间的功能耦合关系,发挥基塘对地域系统功能的支撑与协同作用,是实现国土空间协同发展和可持续利用的基础;实施基塘功能分区治理,保护集中连片基塘,整合基塘文化资源,推进基塘与村级工业园、村边塘、村心塘协同治理等策略,发挥基塘的多功能作用,有助于实现国土空间的安全、高效与可持续利用。