Response of Microbial Communities in Soil to Multi-level Warming in a Highland Barley System of the Lhasa River

No studies have examined the effect of experimental warming on the microbial biomass and community composition of soil in agricultural ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Thus it is unclear whether the influences of experimental warming on microbial communities in soil are related to warming magnitude in croplands on this Plateau. This study performed warming experiment (control, low- and high-level) in a highland barley system of the Lhasa River in May 2014 to examine the correlation between the response of microbial communities in soil to warming and warming magnitude. Topsoil samples (0-10 and 10-20 cm) were collected on September 14, 2014. Experimental warming at both low and high levels significantly increased soil temperature by 1.02 ℃ and 1.59 ℃, respectively at the depth of 15 cm. Phospho lipid fatty acid (PLFA) method was used to determine the microbial community in soil. The low-level experimental warming did not significantly affect the soil’s total PLFA, fungi, bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), actinomycetes, gram-positive bacteria (G⁺), gram-negative bacteria (G^-), protozoa, the ratio of fungi to bacteria (F/B ratio), and ratio of G⁺ to G^- (G⁺/G^- ratio) at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth. The low-level experimental warming also did not significantly alter the composition of microbial community in soil at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth. The high-level experimental warming significantly increased total PLFA by 74.4%, fungi by 78.0%, bacteria by 74.0%, AMF by 66.9%, actinomycetes by 81.4%, G⁺ by 67.0% and G^- by 74.4% at the 0-10 cm depth rather than at 10-20 cm depth. The high-level experimental warming significantly altered microbial community composition in soil at the 0-10 cm depth rather than at 10-20 cm depth. Our findings suggest that the response of microbial communities in soil to warming varied with warming magnitudes in the highland barley system of the Lhasa River.     

Effects of Simulated Diurnal Asymmetrical Warming on the Growth Characteristics and Grain Yield of Winter Highland Barley in Tibet

There has been an obvious diurnal asymmetrical warming effect as a result of the overall climate warming in the Tibetan Plateau. To reduce the uncertainty caused by the diurnal asymmetrical warming effect on future food security predictions in the Tibetan Plateau, this study used winter highland barley (var. Dongqing No. 1) for the experimental materials, and the FATI (Free Air Temperature Increase) field open heating system to carry out a simulated diurnal asymmetrical warming experiment (AW: All-day warming, DW: Daytime warming, NW: Nighttime warming, CK: Control) for two growing seasons (2018-2019 and 2019-2020) at the Lhasa Agroecosystem Research Station. The growth characteristics and yield of Tibetan winter highland barley were investigated in this study. Compared to the control, all the AW, DW and NW treatments had significant effects on the phenological period of winter highland barley, with the advancement of the phenological phase and shortening of the whole growth period. The degree of influence was AW>NW>DW, and all the AW, DW and NW treatments shortened the interval from sowing to heading of winter highland barley and increased the interval from heading to maturity. The effect on the phenological phase was the most obvious for AW and reached a statistically significant level (P<0.05). During the generative growth phase, the biomass above-ground and plant height of winter highland barley had an increasing tendency under the different warming conditions. In the late growth period, the biomass above-ground and plant height of the NW treatment were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. In addition, the warming caused a decrease in the dry matter distribution proportions of leaves and stems at the mature stage, and an increase in the distribution ratios of roots and spikes; and the AW, NW and DW treatments increased grain yields by 16.4%, 24.6% and 9.5%, respectively, on average in the two years. The increasing effect on grain yields of the NW treatment reached a significant level compared with the control in 2019-2020 (t=-2.541, P=0.026). In terms of yield composition, the effective spike number and 1000-grain weight tended to increase. The grain number per spike tended to increase, except for the AW treatment, while panicle length and seed setting rate tended to decrease, except for the NW treatment. Therefore, the effects of different simulated diurnal asymmetrical warming treatments on the growth characteristics and yield of winter highland barley were variable in the Tibetan Plateau.     

短期增温和降水减少对沙质草地土壤微生物量碳氮和酶活性的影响

通过模拟气候变化,探究短期增温和降水减少对沙质草地土壤微生物量碳氮及酶活性的影响,揭示沙质草地土壤微生物量碳氮和酶活性对短期气候变化的响应规律。结果表明：（1）短期增温和降水减少对土壤微生物量碳氮和酶活性均产生显著影响。（2）在自然温度下,与自然降水相比,降水减少40%时土壤微生物量碳（MBC）和微生物氮（MBN）含量最高,增幅分别为87.9%和98.8%;降水减少60%时土壤碱性蛋白酶（S-ALPT）活性最低,降幅达32.8%。（3）在增温条件下,与自然降水相比,降水减少40%时土壤MBC和MBN含量最低,降幅分别为25.67%和48.16%,土壤脲酶（S-UE）活性最高,增幅20.42%。（4）土壤pH与3种土壤酶活性正相关,与土壤微生物量碳氮负相关。土壤微生物量碳氮与土壤纤维素酶（S-CL）活性负相关,与S-UE、S-ALPT活性正相关。     

Effects of soil nitrate：ammonium ratio on plant carbon：nitrogen ratio and growth rate of Artemisia sphaerocephala seedlings

Can soil nitrate： ammonium ratios influence plant carbon： nitrogen ratios of the early succession plant？ Can plant carbon： nitrogen ratios limit the plant growth in early succession？ To address these two questions, we performed a two-factor （soil nitrate： ammonium ratio and plant density） randomized block design and a uniform-precision rotatable central composite design pot experiments to examine the relationships between soil nitrate： ammonium ratios, the carbon： nitrogen ratios and growth rate of Artemisia sphaerocephala seedlings. Under adequate nutrient status, both soil nitrate： ammonium ratios and plant density influenced the carbon： nitrogen ratios and growth rate of A. sphaerocephala seedlings. Under the lower soil nitrate： ammonium ratios, with the increase of soil nitrate： ammonium ratios, the growth rates of plant height and shoot biomass of A. sphaerocephala seedlings decreased significantly; with the increase of plant carbon： nitrogen ratios, the growth rates of shoot biomass of A. sphaerocephala seedlings decreased significantly. Soil nitrate： ammonium ratios affected the carbon： nitrogen ratios of A. sphaerocephala seedlings by plant nitrogen but not by plant carbon. Thus, soil nitrate： ammonium ratios influenced the carbon： nitrogen ratios of A. sphaerocephala seedlings, and hence influenced its growth rates. Our results suggest that under adequate nutrient environment, soil nitrate： ammonium ratios can be a limiting factor for the growth of the early succession plant.     

科尔沁沙地沙丘固定过程中植物生物量及土壤特性

为了解沙丘固定不同阶段植物群落的生物量特点及土壤理化特性的变化规律,研究比较了科尔沁沙地流动沙丘、半固定沙丘、固定沙丘、沙质草地4种生境的地上、地下生物量,并分4层土壤深度分析了土壤理化特性的演变特征及相关关系.结果表明:(1)植物地上生物量与地下生物量显著正相关,0~10 cm土层地下生物量最大,随着沙丘的固定,地下10～20、20～40、40～60 cm深度土层的生物量显著增加,植物地上生物量依次增大,分别为2.20、98.10、131.41、190.38 g·m^-2,地下地上生物量比依次为10.44、1.67、0.81、1.18;(2)随着沙丘的固定,表层土壤容重由1.62 g·cm³下降到1.33 g·cm³,各土层的粉沙和极细沙的占比依次增加,中沙比例依次减小,土壤碳氮含量、碳氮比、pH值、电导率均逐渐增加;(3)地上、地下生物量均与表层土壤碳氮含量、pH值、电导率显著正相关,土壤碳、氮含量均与pH值、电导率、土壤水分含量显著正相关,与土壤容重显著负相关(p<0.05).综上所述,沙丘恢复过程中植物生物量的增加与表层土壤颗粒细化、营养物质增多、水分增加密切相关,土壤-植被系统构成了有机的综合体.     

宁夏春小麦对地表UV-B辐射增强的响应

研究UV-B辐射增强对宁夏地区春小麦的影响,可为正确评估UV-B增强对春小麦生长发育的影响程度制定合理的应对措施提供科学依据。以春小麦“宁春4号”为供试材料,采用大田定位试验,利用可升降式紫外灯装置,观测增加不同剂量UV-B辐射情况下春小麦的生物量、叶面积指数和产量结构因素等的变化状况。结果显示,UV-B辐射增强使春小麦地上部分生物量和叶面积指数减少,改变了各器官生物量分配格局,多数情况下,随着UV-B辐射增加量越多,春小麦生物量和叶面积指数减少的程度越大;此外,增加UV-B辐射也使春小麦株高降低,穗长、小穗数、结实粒数和千粒重降低或者减少。     

菌根真菌对CO2浓度升高和N沉降的响应

气候变化是全球普遍关注的环境问题,尤其是工业革命以来,全球CO2浓度升高和N沉降的增加,不仅改变了植物的生长发育、生态系统中碳、N生物地化循环,而且影响着与植物共生的菌根真菌。对外生菌根真菌（Ectomycorrhizal fungi, ECMF）和丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF）的群落结构、真菌的侵染率以及菌丝生物量等方面如何响应全球CO2浓度升高和N沉降的增加进行了综述,同时对当前存在的问题和未来的发展方向进行探讨。     

北京菜园潮土-小白菜系统中铬的毒性评价

通过盆栽实验,以北京潮土为供试材料,研究了土壤中添加0~50 mg·kg^-1铬 (VI)对小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生物量与铬含量、土壤微生物量碳含量、土壤微生物量氮含量以及土壤微生物呼吸速率的影响。结果表明,高铬浓度(添加量≥25 mg·kg^-1)处理下,小白菜植株中铬的总量相对于未添加铬的处理显著增加(P<0.01),且小白菜根部铬的含量要远大于叶片中的铬含量。相对于未添加铬的对照,小白菜叶片生物量在1 mg·kg^-1铬处理下显著增加,而高浓度铬(≥10 mg·kg^-1)显著地减少了小白菜叶片和根的生物量(P<0.01),减幅最高达到了78.2%,且50 mg·kg^-1铬处理下土壤微生物量碳、氮含量以及呼吸速率均要显著低于对照。小白菜叶片生物量与铬含量、土壤微生物量碳、土壤微生物量氮以及土壤微生物呼吸都能够作为生物指标来反映土壤铬污染程度。将这些指标与对应的土壤总铬含量拟合方程,按照作物减产、食品安全以及生态剂量概念可以计算得到北京潮土铬轻度污染临界浓度ED₁₀为70.8 mg·kg^-1,中度污染临界浓度ED₅₀为111.6 mg·kg^-1。     

Response of Plant Community Carbon and Nitrogen Stoichiometry to Experimental Warming on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Low temperature is an important limiting factor for alpine ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau. This study is based on data from on-site experimental warming platforms (open top chambers, OTC) at three elevations (4300 m, 4500 m, 4700 m) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry characteristics of plant communities, both above-ground and below-ground, were observed in three alpine meadow ecosystems in August and September of 2011 and August of 2012. Experimental warming significantly increased above-ground nitrogen content by 21.4% in September 2011 at 4500 m, and reduced above-ground carbon content by 3.9% in August 2012 at 4300 m. Experimental warming significantly increased below-ground carbon content by 5.5% in August 2011 at 4500 m, and the below-ground ratio of carbon to nitrogen by 28.0% in September 2011 at 4300 m, but reduced below-ground nitrogen content by 15.7% in September 2011 at 4700 m, below-ground carbon content by 34.3% in August 2012 at 4700 m, and the below-ground ratio of carbon to nitrogen by 37.9% in August 2012 at 4700 m. Experimental warming had no significant effect on the characteristics of community carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry under other conditions. Therefore, experimental warming had inconsistent effects on the carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry of plant communities at different elevations and during different months. Soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content were the main factors affecting plant community carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry.     

Effects of heavy metal (Pb) concentration on some growth parameters of plants grown in lead polluted soil under organic fertilizer amendment

This study investigated morphological variation and biomass accumulation that occurred in Sida acuta and Chromolaena odorata plants grown in lead polluted soil under organic fertilizer amendment. The study was carried out in the screen house at the Biological Gardens of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State. The experiment was a factorial combination of one heavy metal (Pb) at five levels of concentration (0, 200, 400, 800 and 1,000 mg/kg) in a completely randomized design, and were replicated three times for each of the two plants and two levels (0 g/kg and 9.4 g/kg) of organic fertilizer (OBD-Plus). Each pot was filled with 5 kg of air-dried and sieved soil and placed on a plastic tray for the collection of excess water. Two weeks after planting, seedlings of uniform height were transplanted from the nursery to experimental pots at the rate of one seedling per pot and grown for 10 weeks. The growth parameters of the plants were biomonitored for 7 weeks. After 10 weeks of treatment, the plants were harvested and dried to calculate the biomass accumulation. The two plant species performed better under fertilizer application than without it. For each of the plant species the growth parameters decreased as the levels of Pb concentration increased. Furthermore, the plants' biomass decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the levels of Pb concentration increased. The organic fertilizer helped to improve the plants' performance in lead-polluted soil.     

陆地生态系统氮状态对碳循环的限制作用研究进展

陆地生态系统碳循环和氮循环密切相关, 碳贮量与碳通量在很大程度上受氮循环的影响 和限制。由于氮循环的复杂性, 在以往的大多数碳循环研究中, 更多考虑水分、温度和大气CO2 浓 度等因子的影响, 考虑碳氮相互作用的研究较少。氮素可限制植物光合、有机质分解、同化产物的 分配以及生态系统对大气CO2 浓度升高的响应。根据目前有关碳氮模型的发展状况可将碳氮耦 合循环模型分为三大类: 一是静态模型, 它的土壤养分水平或者叶氮含量不变, 是常数, 这类模型 适合于在站点或氮素浓度变化不大的区域应用; 二是土壤氮限制模型, 能够保持稳定的生态系统 氮收支, 在NPP(Net Primary Productivity, 净初级生产力)的模拟中考虑土壤氮有效性的动态变化 的影响, 使模拟结果更为合理; 三是叶氮限制模型, 在NPP 的模拟中考虑叶片氮浓度的动态变化 的影响。这三类模型虽然都考虑了氮对碳循环的限制作用, 但在氮碳循环机理方面尚有不少欠 缺, 所以在研究中可能会带来很大的不确定性。在以后的研究中, 应通过加强碳氮相互作用的实 验研究, 增进对碳氮过程的深入了解, 进而建立综合动态的碳氮耦合模型, 以减少目前碳循环研 究中的不确定性。     

荒漠区踩踏生物土壤结皮对土壤微生物量的影响

土壤微生物量可敏感指示土壤质量，是衡量荒漠地区生态恢复程度的重要生物学指标，而有关荒漠区人为踩踏生物土壤结皮与土壤微生物量关系的研究相对缺乏。以腾格里沙漠东南缘的人工植被固沙区和天然植被区人为踩踏生物土壤结皮下的沙丘土壤为研究对象，分别采集未踩踏、中度踩踏和重度踩踏结皮下0~5 cm和5~15 cm土样并测定土壤微生物量碳和氮。结果表明：人为踩踏藻-地衣结皮和藓类结皮可减少生物土壤结皮下土壤微生物量碳和氮，且土壤微生物量碳和氮随踩踏程度的增加而减少，重度踩踏显著减少土壤微生物量碳和氮（P<0.05），土壤速效磷、速效氮、全磷和全氮的损失是导致土壤微生物量碳和氮减少的重要因子。除踩踏程度外，土壤微生物量碳和氮也受结皮演替阶段的影响。人为踩踏的藓类结皮下土壤微生物量碳和氮显著高于藻-地衣结皮（P<0.05），表明演替晚期的藓类结皮比演替早期的藻-地衣结皮抗干扰能力更强；无论季节如何更替，土壤微生物量碳和氮均表现为未踩踏 > 中度踩踏 > 重度踩踏；人为踩踏结皮下土壤微生物量碳和氮均表现明显的季节变化，夏季 > 秋季 > 春季 > 冬季。腾格里沙漠人工植被固沙区和天然植被区人为踩踏生物土壤结皮可减少土壤微生物量，表明人为踩踏生物土壤结皮可引起土壤质量下降，导致荒漠生态系统的退化。因此，保护荒漠区生物土壤结皮有利于荒漠生态系统的修复。     

荒漠区食细菌线虫对生物土壤结皮下土壤微生物量的影响

为探明荒漠区土壤食细菌线虫与生物土壤结皮下土壤微生物量的关系,以腾格里沙漠东南缘的人工植被固沙区生物土壤结皮覆盖的沙丘土壤为研究对象,采集藻-地衣结皮和藓类结皮下0—10 cm土样,并以每克土壤15、30、45、60、90、120、150条的食细菌线虫密度接种,以未接种线虫的土样为对照,经一段时间的培养后测定接种和未接种食细菌线虫土壤的微生物量碳和氮。结果表明：无论藻-地衣结皮还是藓类结皮下的土壤,每克土壤90条以内的土壤食细菌线虫均可显著提高土壤微生物量碳和氮（P<0.05）,但随着土壤食细菌线虫的繁殖或过量接种,其与土壤微生物量之间呈现出由正相关性向负相关性的转变;此外,结皮类型也显著影响土壤微生物量碳和氮的含量（P<0.05）,发育晚期的藓类结皮下土壤微生物量碳和氮均高于发育早期的藻-地衣结皮。因此,在腾格里沙漠人工植被固沙区藻-地衣结皮和藓类结皮下,一定密度的土壤食细菌线虫能显著提高土壤微生物量,指示适当密度的土壤食细菌线虫可促进荒漠区土壤修复和改良。     

植物水分利用效率及其测定方法研究进展

评述了植物水分利用效率(WUE)概念的发展以及不同尺度的研究进展,分析了WUE的研究意义。从植物因子和环境因子两方面综合评述了WUE的影响因素。植物因子包括:生理因子、生育期、光合途径、生活型、植物固氮特征、入侵特性和品种特性。环境因子包括:水分、光照、CO2浓度、空气温度和叶温、植物种植方式、灌溉方式、施肥、土壤贫瘠程度和干扰强度等,但各环境因子影响程度不同。并且概括了WUE的测定方法:田间直接测定法、气体交换测定法和稳定性碳同位素技术,探讨了各自的优缺点。最后强调了目前水分利用效率研究在尺度扩展方面存在困难,在干旱区植被恢复方面的研究相对较弱,进而初步展望了WUE在干旱区植被恢复方面的研究。     

氮素及水分添加对科尔沁沙地4种优势植物地上生物量分配的影响

氮素和水分是半干旱沙地生态系统植物生长主要的影响因素,氮沉降和降水量与降水格局的变化可能会对植物生长产生深刻影响,进而影响沙地生态系统功能。本文通过科尔沁沙地草地连续2年增加水分（夏季增雨,冬季增雪）、添加氮素和同时添加氮素和水分的田间试验,分析了不同处理对4种优势草本植物种（尖头叶藜Chenopodium acuminatum 、白草Pennisetum centrasiaticum 、糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa 和狗尾草Setaria viridi ）地上生物量积累和分配的影响。结果表明：单纯添加氮素或水分对当地4种优势植物平均地上总生物量、各构件平均生物量及繁殖体和茎平均生物量分配无显著影响。夏季增雨×氮素添加使4种植物平均地上总生物量及各构件平均生物量在2010年显著增加,冬季增雪×氮素添加使叶生物量分配在2010年显著增加;但是在2012年各处理对生物量的分配影响不显著。这说明夏季增雨×氮素添加能够解除氮素对水分的限制作用,使植物将所获得的有限资源供于叶片生物量的积累和分配。但是添加氮素与水分影响的生物量分配变化程度因物种而异,对尖头叶藜、白草、糙隐子草的影响不明显,对狗尾草的影响显著。     

Effects of N:P ratio of Artemisia ordosica on growth influenced by soil calcium carbonate

Soil calcium carbonate(CaCO_3) has a strong solid phosphorus effect, and high content of CaCO_3 can significantly reduce the effectiveness of soil phosphorus. To reveal the limiting effect of soil CaCO_3 on the growth of plants on sand land and its mechanism of plant physiology, we performed pot experiments with a two-factor randomized block design and a three-factor orthogonal design for different soil CaCO_3 content treatments using Artemisia ordosica seedlings. In the experiments, we surveyed plant height, aboveground biomass, root length and root weight and analyzed N, P concentrations and RNA content of the seedlings, and discussed the relationships between relative growth rate(RGR) of the seedlings and N:P ratio as well as RNA. Results show that, the RGRs of plant height and above-ground biomass of the seedlings decreased significantly with the increase of soil CaCO_3 content, and those for root length and root weight decreased. The RGRs of plant height and above-ground biomass of the seedlings were significantly negatively correlated with leaf N:P ratios, but significantly positively correlated with leaf RNA content and leaf P concentrations. It can be seen that soil CaCO_3 is a stress factor for the growth of A. ordosica seedlings, and the growth response of the seedlings under the influence of soil CaCO_3 is in line with the Growth Rate Hypothesis.     

模拟氮沉降对三江平原湿地小叶章生物量及分配的影响

在非淹水、淹水两种水分条件下模拟氮沉降变化(分别相当于氮沉降0g/(m2.a)、1g/(m2.a)、3g/(m2.a)、5g/(m2.a))对三江平原典型湿地植物小叶章生物量及其分配的影响。结果表明,不同水分状况下氮沉降均促进小叶章生物量的积累,且以N5水平下生物量增加最多(p<0.05)。小叶章各器官生物量增长程度对氮沉降的响应并不一致:非淹水条件下根生物量平均增长最大(54.5%),其次是叶(31%)、茎(19.2%);淹水条件下小叶章各部位的生物量增长更为显著,其中根生物量平均增长124.7%,叶、茎生物量分别增长62%和61.1%。氮沉降明显促进了根生物量的积累,提高根生物量的分配比例。生长季的氮沉降对于改变湿地的营养状况、刺激植物生长具有直接的生态意义。     

祁连山疏勒河源区冻土退化对土壤微生物生物量碳氮的影响

对青藏高原东北缘祁连山西段疏勒河源区多年冻土区0~50 cm土壤微生物生物量碳氮分布特征及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明:稳定型和极不稳定型多年冻土区0~50 cm土壤中微生物量碳含量范围分别为0.015~0.620 g/kg和0.019~0.411 g/kg,微生物量氮含量范围分别为0.644~12.770 mg/kg和0.207~3.725 mg/kg;土壤微生物量总体呈现出稳定型显著高于极不稳定型多年冻土,表明多年冻土退化（多年冻土由稳定型退化为极不稳定型）对土壤微生物量积累有明显抑制作用。土壤微生物生物量碳占有机碳、微生物生物量氮占全氮的比值在稳定型多年冻土中显著高于极不稳定型,表明多年冻土退化对土壤微生物的矿化能力有明显抑制作用。土壤微生物量及其与土壤养分的比值有显著的剖面变化特征,随土壤深度增加而减小。土壤微生物量碳氮均与土壤温度显著负相关,与地下生物量显著正相关。稳定型多年冻土中,土壤微生物量碳氮与碳氮比正相关、与氧化还原电位负相关;不稳定型多年冻土中,土壤微生物量碳氮与pH正相关。土壤微生物量碳氮与土壤温度和pH在剖面变化上显著相关。逐步回归分析表明驱动微生物生物量碳氮在不同多年冻土类型和土层之间变化的因子是不同的。     

不同气温与土壤湿度条件下籽蒿幼苗的表型可塑性

  植物表型可塑性是其适应环境的结果。为了探讨构件水平和全株水平表型可塑性的差异,我们选择籽蒿进行了双因素(气温:35 ℃、30 ℃、20 ℃; 土壤水分:对照、轻度、中度、重度胁迫)随机化区组实验以分析不同环境条件下植物的表型可塑性。结果表明,气温对籽蒿株高生长率有显著影响,土壤水分胁迫对籽蒿株高生长率无显著影响; 气温和土壤水分胁迫对籽蒿地上部生物量和根重生长率均无显著影响; 土壤水分胁迫对籽蒿幼苗根冠比有显著影响,而气温对其则无显著影响。这说明气温和土壤水分胁迫对籽蒿幼苗构件表型可塑性和全株表型可塑性的影响是有差异的。进一步分析表明,气温对籽蒿幼苗的叶含水量有显著影响,而对籽蒿幼苗的叶饱和亏无显著影响,这说明气温对籽蒿幼苗株高生长率的影响是通过影响其叶含水量来实现。     

气候变化对太行山土壤水分及植被的影响

在太行山低山区将自然植被移入蒸渗仪,观察当降水分别为常年平均降水量的80%、90%、100%、110%和120%等5种处理条件下,植被生产力和土壤的不同反映。研究发现:受验植被对降水反映敏感,降水每增加10%,植被生产力增加15%左右,预示未来全球变化导致的降水变化会对太行山低山区植被产生影响。同时在利用野外实验结果对WAVES模型进行验证的基础上,模拟了不同温度和降水变化情景下,土壤水分的可能变化趋势。结果表明:增温和减少降水对土壤水分负作用明显,尽管降水增加可改善土壤的水分供应状况,但降水增加10%对土壤水分的正面影响,大体被3 oC的增温抵消。由于模型模拟中采用的是与目前没有改变降水条件的实验相同的植被(LAI),而植被生长在太行山这一半湿润、半干旱地区又受土壤水分控制,因而估计未来气候变化情景下的植被变化与土壤水分的变化趋势相似。