Reconstructing the development of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range during the latter half of the Holocene

We examine the sequence of changes in the structure of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range (Baikal region) for the last 6000 years, based on a continuous recording of fluctuations of the vegetation reconstructed from spore-pollen complexes of a high peat bog. We determined the chronological timeframe of paleogeographical events. The study showed that there occurred a radical structure transformation of the geosystems in the mid-late Holocene, along with a recurrence of similar landscape transformations caused by the instability of natural conditions.     

Study on the relationship between the diameter of the compound eye and the growth of the Antarctickrill

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环渤海港口城市体系发展与布局探讨

选取环渤海地区14座港口城市,从城市规模分布、城市经济发展外向性水平和城市空间结构3方面探讨环渤海港口城市体系的发展与布局。选用1993—2003年年末城市总人口数据,应用位序—规模法则探讨环渤海港口城市的规模分布;采用外贸出口额、外商直接投资额、出口依存度3个指标分析城市经济发展的外向性水平;测算城市体系中各城市间的直线距离,应用分形理论分析环渤海港口城市空间结构。结果显示:1)环渤海港口城市规模分布属于相对均衡型,接近位序—规模分布形式;2)在城市体系中,城市经济发展的外向性水平具有层次性,青岛、天津、大连3市相对突出;3)城市体系空间布局比较均衡。     

On the origin of the seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere

Summary. It is known that flow in the mantle can produce preferred orientation in olivine crystals with seismic anisotropy as a consequence. Flow in the subcrustal lithosphere is unlikely because of the high viscosity. Lenses of high temperature and low-viscosity ( anomalous mantle ) are located under the crust in many tectonically active regions, and viscous flow can easily arise in such material resulting in seismic anisotropy. After cooling, such anomalous mantle acquires high viscosity and becomes incorporated into the lithospheric layer preserving the anisotropy produced by the flows which existed previously. The interaction of the stresses with cracks in the upper crust can be one of the causes of anisotropy in this layer.     

生态交界带特征与动态变化机理分析

文章论述了生态交界带是两个以上生态系统交接的过渡带，它具有特有的生态系统结构，生态交界带生态系统的结构，功能和物质，能是以及信息的交流与相邻生态系统有密切的联系，但又表现出明显的异质性，其动态变化机理显示生态交界带内物质，能量和信息的均衡状况。     

Determining the stability factors in the population size dynamics for the cities of the Far East

Network models were used to analyze the population size dynamics for the cities of the Far East for different population densities over a time interval containing a critical time of development. Graphical analysis with a different size of scales made it possible to break down the aggregate dynamics into two clusters: decrease or relatively stable state of the number of inhabitants in cities. In the persisting positive dynamics of development of the cities, we identified the importance of two factors: the border location, and the presence of enterprises of federal jurisdiction, which are exceptionally important for the state as a whole.     

The empty shell of the planetary: re-rooting the urban in the experience of the urbanites

ABSTRACT

This paper offers reflections on a body of work that has been produced under the label of “planetary urbanization”. This term has its roots in speculative work by French writer Henri Lefebvre in the late 1960s and early 1970s and has recently been popularized by a new generation of critical urban theorists. In this commentary, I propose that Lefebvre’s idea of planetary urbanization (and the aligned concepts “complete urbanization” and “urban society”) offer a way to think productively about post-capitalist possibilities. Making reference to early writings by Marx and Engels about communism and the end of human pre-history, I argue that planetary urbanization presents a terrain for liberation from the constraints of capitalist histories. Given that this terrain is currently defined by the domains of neoliberalism and climate change a new politics is necessary to unlock the possibilities of urban society.     

城市化的开发区模式研究

我国许多城市通过开发区建设,在短时间内完成了产业和人口的集聚,实现了城市地域空间和人口规模的跳跃性增长和产业结构的转型。由于在这种城市空间增长过程中,开发区建设起了决定作用,因此,这种以开发区带动整个地区城市化的方式可称为"开发区模式"。开发区驱动城市化的机制表现在开发区自身区域的城市化和开发区带动周围农村地区城市化两个层面,并具有快速跳跃性、外驱性和不稳定性、人为性、经济增长模式的单一性和基础设施建设的高标准性等特征。针对开发区建设中出现的问题,提出了促进其健康发展的建议。     

当今北极地缘政治格局特征分析

冷战结束后,北极地区逐渐发展为世界政治的一个热点,北极地缘政治局势处在快速的变化发展之中。地缘政治格局是控制地缘政治形势发展的一个结构因素,分析地缘政治格局有助于我们认识和理解复杂的、变动的地缘政治现实关系。本文在地缘政治格局概念基础上,提出了地缘政治格局的基本分析方法,并以此分析了冷战后北极地区的地缘政治格局的主要特征。     

塔里木河下游垦区绿洲景观格局变化分析

以塔里木河下游垦区为研究区,对其1986～2000年的景观变化进行了研究。结果表明,景观变化主要体现在：(1)随着人类土地开发利用的程度提高,区域景观趋于多样化和均匀化,主要是以人类活动造成的灌木疏林地、低质草地和草地的退化为主;其次,人工绿洲的开垦多在这三类用地上;此外,水库蓄水面积的增大,淹没了部分这类用地。(2)从斑块的绝对面积来看,始终是以荒地和低质草地为主,且荒地、水浇地、水田、水域和沼泽在两个灌区都是逐步增加的,荒地面积的增加反映了研究区生态退化趋势较为严重。(3)从斑块转移概率来看,研究区居民地、荒地、低质草地以及水浇地至少有94％以上的面积是保持其原来状况的;而沼泽的转移概率达到84％以上,主要转移为水域。反映了区域绿洲景观的主体仍然是以荒漠为背景的强烈人为干扰的人工绿洲景观．以及人工绿洲对水资源的依赖。     

松嫩平原资源开发对湿地生态环境的影响研究

文章论述了松嫩平原湿地生态系统的结构特征、资源潜力和生态功能，针对资源开发存在的诸多问题，探讨了不合理资源开发对湿地生态系统的影响。研究表明：松嫩平原湿地生态系统对区域农业经济可持续发展具有重要作用，不合理开发湿地会带来严重的生态后果，只有合理开发利用湿地才是维护生态平衡、实现区域生态经济持续发展的有效途径。     

Direct determination of the characteristics of the currents responsible for the geomagnetic anomaly of the Rhinegraben

Summary. Previous geomagnetic measurements in the Rhinegraben have led us to assume that the responsible currents have the properties of direct currents and that they all flow in the sediments filling the graben. In order to verify these conclusions, we have performed measurements in a mine at a depth of 650 m. By comparing the field simultaneously recorded at the surface, in the mine and at the reference station, it is possible to deduce that the anomalous currents have the above mentioned properties.