1998-07-06云南境内金沙江流域暴雨泥石流的气象成因

1998-07-06昭通地区发生了不同程度泥石流灾害,以此为例,应用气象资料及其带通滤波方法,分析了引发此次暴雨泥石流的天气成因。结果表明:此次暴雨泥石流发生的引发因素除了地面因素和前期降水使地面达到饱和外,中尺度辐合天气系统———西南涡以及充分的水汽输送是直接造成此次暴雨泥石流灾害的天气系统。     

新一代天气雷达在泥石流灾害中的应用探讨

天气雷达的发展大致经历了4个阶段，其主要用于监测强对流天气、定量估计降水，是气象部门的重要探测和监测手段之一。新一代天气雷达观测的实时回波强度（Z）、径向风速（V）、速度谱宽（W）的回波图像中，提供了丰富的有关强对流天气的信息，综合使用Z、V、W的图像分析，有利于较准确和及时地监测灾害性天气。云南滑坡泥石流灾害高发区与云南暴雨中心有很好的对应关系，云南滑坡泥石流灾害空间分布与暴雨空间分布的空间相关系数为0．19，通过了0．05的显著性水平检验，也进一步说明云南暴雨在滑坡泥石流灾害发生中起着重要作用。以2004年7月5日德宏州特大山洪泥石流灾害为例子，探讨了新一代天气雷达在泥石流灾害的临阵预警中的应用。     

对甘肃舟曲特大泥石流灾害的初步认识

2010-08-07T23:00左右,甘肃省甘南藏族自治州舟曲县县城北面的罗家峪、三眼峪流域突降强暴雨,引发了特大泥石流灾害.泥石流将沿途村庄和城区夷为平地,摧毁了沿途的楼房民居,毁坏了大量的农田.泥石流还冲进白龙江形成堰塞湖,将半个舟曲县城淹在水中.此次泥石流流速快、流量大、规模超大,发生于半夜,且表现为山洪-泥石流-堰塞湖灾害链形式,因而造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失.截止08-15,共造成4 496户、20 227人受灾,水毁农田约95 hm2、房屋5 508间,1 248人遇难,496人失踪,是建国以来我国损失最严重的泥石流灾害.现场调查与遥感图像分析表明,舟曲泥石流是局部强降雨作用下发生的百年一遇的水力型特大泥石流灾害.三眼峪、罗家峪泥石流总方量约220×104 m3.沟内储存的大量的崩塌、滑坡体及坡积物、残积物为泥石流提供了丰富的固体物质.形成区陡峭的地形以及沟道内堆石坝、拦沙坝形成的陡坎级联堵溃效应,加大了泥石流的流速、流量与破坏力.在分析本次泥石流的背景条件、灾害成因、特征以及发展趋势的基础上,提出了相应的减灾对策.     

甘肃岷县两次强降水致山洪泥石流灾害特征对比分析

从致灾因子、灾害风险的角度对甘肃岷县2012年5月10日和2016年6月23日发生的两次强降水过程进行了特征对比分析。结果表明：在有利的大尺度环流背景下,明显的中尺度特征导致强对流天气发生是造成岷县特大山洪泥石流等地质灾害发生的主要气象触发因素;前期降水、短时强降水强度及落区在岷县特大山洪泥石流的形成中起到了决定作用,而强降水伴随特强冰雹、阵性大风对岷县特大山洪泥石流的形成则起到了进一步的推动作用。     

广西金秀县“2013-07-14”重大漂流灾害事件的气象特征分析

利用常规气象地面观测资料、探空资料,中小尺度自动站监测网、雷达遥感等非常规观测资料,对于2013-07-14发生的广西金秀县漂流灾害事件的气象特征进行分析,结果表明:广西金秀县天堂谷漂流灾难是由一个小尺度的脉冲对流单体风暴在发展强盛过程中,产生的短时强降水所引发,脉冲对流单体风暴在雷达速度剖面图上具有低层经向辐合和高层辐散出流的特征,回波高度超过10 km,但上升气流未出现倾斜,强回波中心主要位于3~6 km的暖层云中,是典型的强降水风暴类型特征;脉冲对流单体风暴处在台风槽尾部的高温高湿大气环境条件下,边界层强辐合线是对流单体风暴生成和发展的主要动力强迫机制;雷达反演的降水量能够较精确地反映无雨量监测站流域的雨强,反演的平均面雨量超过30 mm/h,为禁止漂流的危险等级。雷达估测产品的应用能为山洪、泥石流和滑坡灾害多发区的监测预警提供可行的方法。     

1993年雨季云南省滑坡泥石流灾害趋势预测

一、1992年回顾 1992年我省遇到了90年来罕见的干旱年,表现为雨季开始特迟,夏旱连秋旱,滇东雨季雨量比历年平均值少一半以上,其它地方少2-3成。8月普遍出现高温少雨天气,9月持续少雨。直到10月,受孟加拉湾低压影响,出现了10-12天全省性的连续降雨天气过程,由于降雨时间长,雨量过多,滇西如德宏州及滇中局部仍有滑坡泥石流发生,1992年全省除7月12日昭通地区发生特大暴雨引起的滑坡泥石流灾害规模较大外,年内滑坡泥石流灾害是近几年较轻的一年。     

云南省麻栗坡县猛硐河“9.02”泥石流调查

云南极端天气气候事件造成了地质灾害发生频发。2018年9月2日云南麻栗坡县猛硐河流域发生特大山洪泥石流灾害,造成10多人死伤,11人失联,建筑损毁、河道淤埋、基础设施破坏,直接经济损失达14亿元。通过对麻栗坡县猛硐"9. 02"河流域泥石流灾害的现场调查,从物源、地形和水源条件入手,分析了灾害特征与形成演化过程。研究表明,降水是泥石流发生的根本原因,造成沟域内岩土体现出崩滑物源、坡面物源和沟道物源三者的启动及链生效应;由于泥石流造成微地貌改变,今后泥石流爆发可能性增大,高频率、中小规模泥石流是泥石流活动的特征。从发展趋势看,该流域正处于泥石流发育阶段,存在发生大规模泥石流的可能性。应及时地进行沟道的治理,并加强监测预警。     

邛海北岸官坝河山洪泥石流灾害特征及发展趋势

官坝河为邛海流域最大支沟,近年来山洪泥石流频发,对邛海产生严重泥沙淤积灾害。本文在对官坝河1998年7月6日百年一遇泥石流灾害调查基础上,分析泥石流形成运动特征及其对邛海的淤积效应,揭示山洪泥石流暴发主要影响要素及发展趋势。研究表明:官坝河流域内物源丰富且形式多样,山洪泥石流暴发频率高且规模大;流域沟道长且比降大,沿途流速流量变化大且流态变换复杂;山洪泥石流对邛海泥沙淤积严重,大量泥沙不仅堆积在入湖口,还以浊流形式输移至湖心处;区域频繁地震活动、强降雨作用和不合理人类活动共同促进山洪泥石流暴发,预测山洪泥石流活动强度总体呈上升趋势。该成果可为官坝河流域规划管理和工程治理提供参考依据,有助于揭示区域山洪泥石流特征及其对邛海的泥沙淤积演化过程。     

西藏波密天摩沟“9·4”特大泥石流形成的气象条件

从地貌地质环境、地面气象要素、大气环流背景、T213数值预报产品和卫星资料等方面,并着重从气象条件,对2007-09-04西藏波密县古乡天摩沟发生的一次特大泥石流灾害事件进行成因分析。结果表明：由于前期气温持续偏高,加剧冰川融水,加上9月4日凌晨出现强降水,天摩沟地形高度落差大、松散固体物质丰富,水源、能量转化和物源三者同时满足,是造成这次特大泥石流灾害的直接原因。     

云南滑坡泥石流灾害的气象成因与监测

根据云南滑坡泥石流灾害资料，分析了其形成环境与分布特征，给出了典型降水滑坡泥石流灾害事件，研究了滑坡泥石流灾害与气象环境的关系。云南滑坡泥石流灾害主要出现在盛夏7～8月，主要影响天气系统有切变线、冷锋、西风槽、西南涡、孟加拉湾风暴、南海西行台风和两高辐合区。诱发滑坡泥石流灾害的前期降水类型有3种，即暴雨型，中～大雨型和连阴雨型。得出了云南滑坡泥石流发生的区域临界雨量指标，提出了滑坡泥石流灾害的气象监测预警方法。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Journal of Resources and Ecology Total Contents of Volume 5, 2014

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